Tips on How to Study Smarter,Not Longer如何更聰明地學(xué)習(xí)而不花更長時間(—)

Kathiann Kowalski

景一編譯

Having good study skills is always helpful. But many students never learned those skills.

The good news is： Science can help. For more than 100 years， psychologistst l have doneresearch on which study habits work best. Some tips help for almost every subject. Here aresome tips to tweak 2 your study habits.

有良好的學(xué)習(xí)技能總是有幫助的。然而，許多學(xué)生從未學(xué)過這些技能。

好消息是：科學(xué)可以幫助你。一百多年來，心理學(xué)家們一直在研究哪些學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣最有效。有些訣竅幾乎對每門學(xué)科都有幫助。以下是一些調(diào)整你學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣的建議。

Space out your studying.

It's a good idea to study the day before atest. But the research shows it's a bad idea tocram 3 all your studying into that day.

Allow time between study sessions 4. andsome of the material may drip out of yourmemory. But then you'll be able to relearn it andlearn more in your next study session. And you'llremember it better. next time.

分段學(xué)習(xí)。

在考試前一天學(xué)習(xí)是個好主意。但研究表明，把所有學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容都塞到那一天死記硬背是個糟糕的主意。

在學(xué)習(xí)時段之間留出時間，有些內(nèi)容可能會從你的記憶中消失。但這樣你就可以在下一次的學(xué)習(xí)時段中重新學(xué)習(xí)并學(xué)到更多。下次你會記得更清楚。

Practice， practice， practice ！

Musicians practice their instrumenls. Athletespractice sports skills. The same should go forlearning.

In a study done a few years earlier， collegestudents read material and then took recall tests.Some took just one test. Others took several testswith short breaks of several minutes in between. Thesecond group recalled the material better a weeklater.

練習(xí)，練習(xí)，再練習(xí)！

音樂家要練習(xí)他們的樂器。運(yùn)動員要練習(xí)運(yùn)動技能。學(xué)習(xí)也應(yīng)該如此。

幾年前的一項(xiàng)研究中，大學(xué)生在閱讀材料后，進(jìn)行了回憶測試。有些人只做了一次測試。其他人做了幾次測試，中間休息了幾分鐘。一周后第二組更好地回憶起了材料。

Don' t just reread books and notes.

Studying by reading textbooks， worksheetsand notebooks is one of the most common badstudy skills that students have.

Too often. when students reread material.it's superfcia1 5. Rereading is like looking atthe answer to a puzzle， rather than doing ityourself. It looks like it makes sense. But untilyou try it yourself， you don't really know if youunderstand it.

不要只是重讀書本和筆記。

通過閱讀教科書、練習(xí)冊和筆記本來學(xué)習(xí)，這是學(xué)生最常見的不良學(xué)習(xí)方法之一。

當(dāng)學(xué)生重讀材料時，往往是表層學(xué)習(xí)。重讀就像是看一個謎題的答案，而不是自己解謎。那樣看上去很有意義，但除非你自己嘗試，否則你不知道你是否理解了它。

ATest yourself.

It 's one of the best ways you can study.

Create a deck of flash cards every time youlearn new information. Put questions on oneside and the answers on the other side. Friendscan even quiz each other on the phone.

自我測試。

這是最好的學(xué)習(xí)方式之一。

每次學(xué)習(xí)新的內(nèi)容時，都要制作抽認(rèn)卡。把問題寫在卡的一面，答案寫在另一面。朋友們甚至可以在電話里互相提問。

Mistakes are okay as long as you learn

from them.

checking the answers can make your studytime more efficient. You can then focus onwhere you need the most help.

In fact， making mistakes can be a goodthing. Mistakes are actually a primary 6 key tolearning.

只要你能從中汲取教訓(xùn)，犯錯誤也沒關(guān)系。

檢查答案可以讓你的學(xué)習(xí)時間更有效率。然后你就可以專注于你最需要補(bǔ)救的地方。

事實(shí)上，犯錯誤可能是一件好事。錯誤實(shí)際上是學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵。

（英語原文選自：smenceneWsforstudents.org）

[Notes]

1.psychologist [sa??k?l?d??st] n.心理學(xué)家

2.tweak [twi?k] v.扭;稍稍改進(jìn)

3.cram [kr?m] v.突擊準(zhǔn)備，死記硬背

4.session [?se??n] n.會期;一場（活動）

5.superficial[?su?p??f???l] adj.表面的;膚淺的

6.primary [?pra?m?r?] adj.主要的;基本的