被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)要點指南

李曉夢

英語有兩種語態(tài)形式：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞發(fā)出動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞發(fā)出動作的承受者。這里主要講一下被動語態(tài)的使用方法。

一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。

一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am / is /are+動詞的過去分詞;

一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was /were+動詞的過去分詞;

一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：will be+動詞的過去分詞;

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)：am / is /are+being+動詞的過去分詞;

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：have / has+been+動詞的過去分詞。

二、被動語態(tài)的用法

1. 不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：

This book was? published? in 1971.

2. 強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。如：

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.

三、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后to仍要保留。如：

This bike can be repaired in two days.

四、使用被動語態(tài)時的幾個注意點

1. 感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如feel， look， seem， taste， sound等。如：

This song sounds good.

2. read， sell， wash， write， wear等作不及物動詞時，常用主動形式表示被動意義。如：

This book sells well.

3. 在主動語態(tài)中，hear，see等感官動詞和make等使役動詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。但在被動語態(tài)中，動詞不定式中的to不能省略。如：

They were made to do some housework.

4. 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。

練兵場

1. _________a new library_________in our school last year？

A. Is;built? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. Was;built

C. Does;build? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. Did;build

2. English_________in Canada.

A. speaks? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. are spoken

C. is speaking? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. is spoken

3. This English song_________by the girls after class.

A. often sings? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. often sang

C. is often sang? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. is often sung

4. An accident_________on this road last week.

A. has been happened? ? ? ? ? ? B. was happened

C. is happened? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. happened

5. So far，the moon_________by man already.

A. is visited? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. will be visited

C. has been visited? ? ? ? ? ? D. was visited

6. This kind of car_________in Japan.

A. makes? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. made

C. is making? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. is made

7. Our room must_________clean.

A. keep? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. be kept

C. to be kept? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. to keep

8. Doctors_________in every part of the world.

A. need? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. are needing

C. are needed? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. will need

9. Her new book_________next month.

A. will be published B. is publishing

C. is being published D. has been published

10. Why_________to talk about it yesterday？

A. didn’t a meeting hold B. wasn’t a meeting held

C. wasn’t held a meeting D. a meeting wasn’t held

答案：1—5 BDDDC 6—10 DBCAB