張彩鳳
倒裝句,是一種以倒裝的形式把需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分移至句首,使之居于顯著位置的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。它的實(shí)質(zhì)在于語序的改變,具有強(qiáng)調(diào)突出、平衡結(jié)構(gòu)、承上啟下、營(yíng)造氛圍等功能。在高中英語書面表達(dá)中,同學(xué)們?nèi)裟艽蚱瞥R?guī),巧妙應(yīng)用倒裝句,則可以極大地提高語言表達(dá)的生動(dòng)性和表現(xiàn)力,增添作文亮點(diǎn),使行文錯(cuò)落有致。
一、巧用only型倒裝句
only型倒裝句,即句首以only開頭的倒裝句,具體包括:
(1)當(dāng)句子以“only+副詞”開頭時(shí),主句可以使用部分倒裝。如:①Only then did he realize the importance of health.(直到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到健康的重要性。)② Only recently did I understand what my father meant. (直到現(xiàn)在我才明白父親的意思。)
(2)當(dāng)句子以“only+介詞短語”開頭時(shí),主句可以使用部分倒裝。如:①Only by stimulating students tothink and act independently rather than rely on their par- ents will they beable to build upasuccessfulcareerwhen they come of age.(只有鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考和行動(dòng)而不是依賴父母,長(zhǎng)大以后他們才能成功立業(yè)。)②Only in this way can we have enough energy to studyEnglish better.(只有這樣我們才能夠有足夠的精力投入到英語學(xué)習(xí)中去。)
(3)當(dāng)句子以“only+狀語或狀語從句”開頭時(shí),主句可以使用部分倒裝。如①Only when one is away from home does one realize how nice home is.(一個(gè)人只有在離開家時(shí)才會(huì)意識(shí)到家庭的溫暖。)②Only after you graduate from college,will you learn how it is to
get a job like that.(只有當(dāng)你大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,你就會(huì)知道得到那樣一個(gè)工作是怎么樣一種情形。)
二、巧用否定型倒裝句
否定型倒裝句,即否定詞置于句首的倒裝句。具體體現(xiàn)在如下方面:
(1)當(dāng)諸如at no time, in no way, by no means等含有否定意義的介詞短語置于句首時(shí),可以使用部分倒裝句。如:①At no time have I said such a thing?。ㄎ覐? 來沒有說過這樣的話。)②By no means will our friend- ship be affected.(我們的友誼不會(huì)受到影響。)
(2)當(dāng)諸如 never, seldom,rarely, scarcely, little 等表示否定或半否定意義的副詞置于句首時(shí),則用部分倒裝句。如:①Never have I encountered such superiorquality at such a reasonable price?。ㄎ覐膩頉]有遇過這么平價(jià)卻又高品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品。)②Rarely has a debate attractedso much media attention.(很少有一場(chǎng)辯論吸引這么多的媒體關(guān)注。)
(3)在not until...(直到……才), hardly...when...(剛一……就……),no sooner...than...(一……就……)句式結(jié)構(gòu)中,若否定詞置于句首時(shí),則可以用部分倒裝。如:① Not until I had finished all my homework did I goto bed last night.( 昨晚直到把作業(yè)做完后,我才上床睡
覺。)②Scarcely hadthe game started when it began to rain.(比賽剛開始就下起雨來了。)
(4)當(dāng)用not only...but also...連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí),前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝,而后一個(gè)分句則不用倒裝。如:Not only does she speak French, but also she is proficient in computers.(她不僅會(huì)說法語,而且精通計(jì)算機(jī)。)
三、巧用so/such型倒裝句
so/such 型倒裝句, 即 so/such 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,具體則有:
(1)在“so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞+主語結(jié)構(gòu)”中,需要使用倒裝句。如:—They have been to Beijing.—So have I .(——他們?nèi)ミ^北京?!乙踩ミ^。)
(2)在“so +形容詞/副詞...that”結(jié)構(gòu)中,若將so+形容詞/副詞置于句首,則需要用倒裝句。如:①So beau- tiful is our school that I love it very much.(我愛我的學(xué)校,它真的很漂亮。)
總之,在平時(shí)的英語學(xué)習(xí)中,同學(xué)們要熟練掌握倒裝句的各種句式和用法,并加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練,靈活遷移運(yùn)用到寫作中,從而夯實(shí)英語語言能力,提升英語寫作水平。
(作者單位:江蘇省濱??h東元高級(jí)中學(xué))