王婉月 隨新 趙鳳
摘 要 目的:通過對上海嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心老年人健康體檢數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,了解老年人的血脂異常現(xiàn)狀,為轄區(qū)社區(qū)健康管理提供依據(jù)。方法:選取2020年12 989名老年人健康體檢數(shù)據(jù)。其中男5 872名,平均年齡為(69.37±6.427)歲,占45.21%;女7 117名,平均年齡為(69.29±6.412)歲,占54.79%。城鎮(zhèn)人數(shù)5 356名,占41.2%;農(nóng)村7 633名,占58.8%。描述性分析血脂異常的檢出率以及不同血脂異常的中醫(yī)體質(zhì)分型情況。結(jié)果:上海嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)老年人的血脂異常檢出率為48.1%。女性的總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)和低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)異常檢出率分別為24.4%、37.7%、23.1%,高于男性的10.0%、27.6%和13.8%,女性的高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)異常檢出率為3.9%,低于男性的10.0%,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05)。城鎮(zhèn)血脂異常的檢出率以及TG和HDL-C的異常檢出率高于農(nóng)村,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05)。血脂異常和TG升高的檢出率最高的體質(zhì)為氣郁質(zhì)(73.7%),其次為痰濕質(zhì)(54.7%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05);TC升高和HDL-C降低的檢出率最高的體質(zhì)為氣郁質(zhì)(42.1%),其次為氣虛質(zhì)(19.8%),差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05)結(jié)論:上海嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)老年人的血脂異常檢出率較高,其中以高TG血癥檢出率為最高。降低血清TG對控制血脂有重要意義,城鎮(zhèn)血脂異常檢出高于農(nóng)村檢出率,其中血清TG水平城鄉(xiāng)差異比較明顯,引導轄區(qū)居民養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式及飲食習慣對降低血清TG水平有重要意義。
關(guān)鍵詞 血脂異常;老年人;健康體檢;社區(qū)
中圖分類號:R58 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1006-1533(2022)04-0052-03
Analysis of the results of dyslipidemia in the elderly in the community physical examination in Industrial Zone of Jiading District of Shanghai
WANG Wanyue1, SUI Xin2, ZHAO Feng1
( 1. Prevention and Health Care Department of Industrial Zone Community Health Service Center of Jiading District, Shanghai 201815, China; 2. Department of Prevention and Health Care of Huaqiao Community Health Service Center, Kunshan City, Jiangsu 215300, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the current situation of dyslipidemia in the elderly, so as to provide basis for the community health management, through analyzing the data of the health examination of the elderly in the Industrial Zone Community Health Service Center of Jiading, Shanghai. Methods: The physical examination data of 12 989 elderly in 2020 were selected, including 5 872 males with the average age of (69.37±6.427) years old, which accounted for 45.21%; 7 117 females with the average age of (69.29±6.412) years old, which accounted for 54.79%. The number of people in town was 5 356, accounting for 41.2%; 7 633 in rural areas, accounting for 58.8%. Descriptive analysis was performed on the detection rate of dyslipidemia and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)physique classification of different dyslipidemias. Results: The detection rate of dyslipidemia in the elderly was 48.1% in Industrial Zone of Jiading, Shanghai. The abnormal detection rates of total cholesterol(TC), triacylglycerol(TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in women were 24.4%, 37.7%, and 23.1%, respectively, which were higher than those in men 10.0%, 27.6%, and 13.8%, the detection rate of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) abnormalities in women was 3.9%, which was lower than that in men 10.0%, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The detection rates of dyslipidemia, TG and HDL-C in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The highest detection rate of dyslipidemia and elevated TG was Qi depression(73.7%), followed by phlegm dampness(54.7%), and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05); the physique with the highest detection rate of elevated TC and decreased HDL-C was Qi-stagnation(42.1%), followed by Qideficiency(19.8%), and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusion: The detection rate of dyslipidemia in the elderly in Industrial Zone of Jiading District, Shanghai is high, and the detection rate of high TG is the highest. Reducing serum TG is of great significance to control blood lipid, the detection rate of dyslipidemia in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas, the difference of serum TG level between urban and rural areas is obvious, and guiding residents in the jurisdiction to develop a healthy lifestyle and eating habits is of great significance for reducing serum TG levels.
KEY WORDS dyslipidemia; elderly people; health check-up; community
血脂異常是腦卒中、冠心病及心肌梗死等心腦血管疾病的獨立危險因素,老年人是以上疾病的高發(fā)人群[1-2]?;鶎拥难惓=】倒芾砟苡行Э刂菩难懿〉奈kU因素,對降低心血管病發(fā)病率、死亡率和致殘率均具有重要意義[3]。本文旨在分析2020年上海市嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)老年人的血脂異?,F(xiàn)狀及中醫(yī)體質(zhì)分型,為轄區(qū)社區(qū)健康管理提供依據(jù)。
1.1 資料
資料來源于2020年上海市嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心居民電子健康檔案信息系統(tǒng)的老年人體檢子系統(tǒng)。在體檢的老年人中數(shù)據(jù)完整的為12 989名,其中男5 872名,平均年齡為(69.37±6.427)歲,占45.21%;女7 117名,平均年齡為(69.29±6.412)歲,占54.79%。城鎮(zhèn)人數(shù)5 356名,占41.2%;農(nóng)村7 633名,占58.8%。
1.2 檢測方法
體檢者空腹8~10 h,次日早晨采取前臂靜脈血3 mL,用3 000 r/min離心機進行6 min離心后取血清檢測,采用氧化酶法檢測血脂,檢驗由專人負責,嚴格按照檢驗操作規(guī)程進行。測量采用科華卓越450全自動生化分析儀,試劑由上??迫A生物工程公司提供,采用英國朗道公司的質(zhì)控品和標準品。
1.3 判定標準
血脂的判斷標準參照《中國成年人血脂異常防治指南(2016年修訂版)》中的血脂異常相關(guān)診斷標準[2]。滿足以下4項中的一項即診斷為血脂異常:(1)總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)>5.72 mmol/L;(2)三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)>1.70 mmol/L;(3)低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)>3.64 mmol/L;高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)<0.91 mmol/L。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學分析
采用 SPSS 22.0對數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計學分析。計數(shù)資料用百分率(%)描述,較采用χ2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 老年人血脂異常檢出情況
在12 989名體檢老年人中,血脂異常檢出率為48.1%。其中不同血脂異常類型的檢出依次為TG升高(33.1%),LDL-C升高(18.9%),TC升高(17.9%)和HDL-C降低(6.7%),見表1。其中1項血脂指標異常的有3 421人,2項血脂指標異常的有1 959人,3項血脂指標異常的有851人,4項血脂指標同時異常的有14人,分別占檢查人數(shù)的26.3%、15.1%、6.6%和0.1%。
2.2 不同性別老年人血脂異常檢出情況比較
上海嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)女性老年人的總的血脂異常、TC升高、TG升高、LDL-C升高的檢出率均高于男性,HDL-C降低的檢出率低于男性,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.01,表1)。
2.3 不同地區(qū)老年人血脂異常檢出情況
城鎮(zhèn)血脂異常、TG升高、HDL-C降低的檢出率高于農(nóng)村,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05,表2)。
2.4 不同體質(zhì)老年人血脂異常檢出情況
血脂異常、TG升高的檢出率最高的體質(zhì)為氣郁質(zhì),其次為痰濕質(zhì),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05);TC升高和HDL-C降低的檢出率最高的體質(zhì)為氣郁質(zhì),其次為氣虛質(zhì),差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05),見表3。
本次研究結(jié)果顯示,2020年上海嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)老年人血脂異常的總體檢出率為48.1%,低于胡承偉等[4]2018年統(tǒng)計的58.84%的檢出率,略低于徐麗娟等[5]2020年統(tǒng)計的48.29%的檢出率,可能與上海嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)地處上海嘉定郊區(qū),與上海奉賢南橋鎮(zhèn)地理位置相仿,有著相當一部分農(nóng)村人口,居民生活水平明顯提升,且生活壓力明顯小于市中心有關(guān)。血脂異常檢出類型依次為:高TG血癥(33.1%)、高LDL-C血癥(18.9%)、高TC血癥(17.9%)、低HDL-C血癥(6.7%),提示老年人健康體檢對血脂異常早發(fā)現(xiàn)有重要意義。血脂治療中優(yōu)先考慮LDL-C達標,兼顧TC和TG[1]。降低血清TG能減少急性冠心病、腦梗死事件的發(fā)生,因此在預防血脂異常時,應重視降低血清TG水平[6]。
本次研究結(jié)果顯示,男性血脂異常的檢出率明顯低于女性,此結(jié)果與胡承偉等[4]和徐麗娟等[5]的研究結(jié)果一致。然而男性低HDL-C血癥的檢出率高于女性,其原因可能由于圍絕經(jīng)期女性雌性激素缺乏,與其相關(guān)的載脂蛋白-AI合成及卵磷脂膽固醇脂肪酰基移酶活性下降,使血HDL-C降低打破保護機制,從而升高其他血脂成分,破壞糖代謝、脂代謝平衡[7]。城鎮(zhèn)老年人的血脂異常檢出高于農(nóng)村檢出率,血清中TG水平城鄉(xiāng)差異比較明顯,血清中TC和LDL-C在城鄉(xiāng)中未呈現(xiàn)明顯差異,與文獻報道的基本一致[8]。上海嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)近年征地拆遷明顯增多,居民生活方式、飲食習慣均在發(fā)生變化,城鄉(xiāng)生活水平顯著提升且差異不明顯,城鄉(xiāng)居民生活方式及飲食習慣的不同可能是造成城鄉(xiāng)居民血脂異常的主要原因。引導居民養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式及飲食習慣將對降低血清TG水平有重要意義。
本次研究結(jié)果顯示,2020年上海嘉定工業(yè)區(qū)老年人血脂異常的檢出率、TG異常檢出率最高的體質(zhì)為氣郁質(zhì),其次為痰濕質(zhì);TC升高和HDL-C降低檢出率最高的體質(zhì)為氣郁質(zhì),其次為氣虛質(zhì)。針對不同人群和體質(zhì)制定個性化的防治方案具有重要的臨床價值。
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