文/穆斯達(dá)里·布延（Musundali Bhuiyan, 孟加拉國(guó)） 譯/史聰一

春節(jié)期間，北京街頭張燈結(jié)彩，充滿濃濃的年味（新華社記者 李欣 攝）

從青年時(shí)代起，我便對(duì)中國(guó)產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的興趣。彼時(shí)，我習(xí)得中國(guó)有文字記載的歷史超過(guò)兩千年，而中華文明的悠久則更是綿延上下五千年。2019年來(lái)到北京后，我對(duì)真實(shí)中國(guó)的探求渴望，終于得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。在我看來(lái)，這一古老文明在賡續(xù)中，諸多獨(dú)有的文化習(xí)俗與節(jié)日應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。其中，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)新年是最為盛大的節(jié)日。

春節(jié)：最令人期待的是家庭團(tuán)圓

中國(guó)新年又被稱(chēng)為春節(jié)，既象征著舊歲寒冬的結(jié)束，也代表著新春的伊始。每年，全球各地的華人華僑都會(huì)在歡樂(lè)聲中喜迎新春佳節(jié)。新年的慶典活動(dòng)從除夕夜開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到正月十五元宵節(jié)結(jié)束。從除夕開(kāi)始的為期7天的公共假期，在中國(guó)被稱(chēng)為春節(jié)黃金周。在春節(jié)期間，人們會(huì)有一系列慶?；顒?dòng)，包括舞獅、放鞭炮、家庭團(tuán)聚、年夜飯、走親訪友、發(fā)紅包，以及貼對(duì)聯(lián)等。

我的中國(guó)朋友告訴我，除夕之夜，家家戶(hù)戶(hù)都會(huì)歡聚一堂，圍坐在一起吃年夜飯。同時(shí)，他們會(huì)將房屋打掃得一塵不染，以示掃除晦氣，并為來(lái)年博一個(gè)好彩頭。他們還會(huì)在門(mén)窗上張貼喜慶的紅色剪紙，并在房門(mén)的兩側(cè)及上方張貼對(duì)聯(lián)。

挪威代表團(tuán)成員在張家口賽區(qū)頒獎(jiǎng)廣場(chǎng)與北京冬奧會(huì)吉祥物“冰墩墩”合影（新華社記者 丁汀 攝）

就我個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷而言，春節(jié)期間，最為重要同時(shí)也是最令人期待的時(shí)刻，則是家庭團(tuán)圓和年夜飯。在中國(guó)，每個(gè)家庭都要在除夕當(dāng)天歡聚一堂，并共進(jìn)年夜飯。為此，全球各地的華人都會(huì)在春節(jié)期間返回自己的家鄉(xiāng)。

牛年春節(jié)：面對(duì)艱難始終面帶微笑

當(dāng)?shù)氐耐潞团笥褌兏嬖V我：在中國(guó)，12年為一“紀(jì)”，循環(huán)往復(fù)。其中，每一年對(duì)應(yīng)一生肖（動(dòng)物），共有12種。2021年是牛年，在中國(guó)文化中代表著勤勞與財(cái)富。

節(jié)日活動(dòng)與出游總能為新年的慶祝活動(dòng)增添額外的喜慶。但由于疫情，我察覺(jué)到人們的慶祝方式變得有所不同，許多人放棄了同家人歡聚一堂并共進(jìn)年夜飯的機(jī)會(huì)，政府部門(mén)建議人們就地過(guò)年，為此，各部門(mén)及單位做足了準(zhǔn)備，為留守的人們營(yíng)造過(guò)年的氣氛。此外，還有單位為就地過(guò)年的員工們發(fā)放過(guò)節(jié)費(fèi)。有的社區(qū)為每家每戶(hù)安排了幾道年夜飯，這樣他們便不會(huì)有“獨(dú)在異鄉(xiāng)為異客，每逢佳節(jié)倍思親”的失落感。

除了一些人的家庭團(tuán)圓及年夜飯聚餐被按下暫停鍵外，如往年一樣，其余的習(xí)俗及慶典方式仍在春節(jié)期間如火如荼。紅色剪紙以及懸掛著的燈籠，幾乎遍布所有大城市的角落，以示慶祝。每扇房門(mén)也都裝飾著紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)，寫(xiě)滿了各種祝福語(yǔ)。五彩斑斕的燈光秀在不同的城市中閃耀奪目，為節(jié)日的慶典增添了別樣的氛圍。

我還了解到，作為春節(jié)慶典活動(dòng)的重要組成部分，春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)于每年除夕夜在中央廣播電視總臺(tái)播出。對(duì)中國(guó)人民而言，這是一場(chǎng)視聽(tīng)盛宴。春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“春晚”，作為頂流聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)，已被《吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄大全》認(rèn)定為全球收視率最高的電視節(jié)目。牛年春晚的全球收視人數(shù)達(dá)到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的12.7億人次。

2021年，我第一次在中國(guó)過(guò)春節(jié)，盡管當(dāng)時(shí)仍有疫情，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)人民在慶賀春節(jié)時(shí)洋溢著活力、熱情與歡喜。他們的態(tài)度，極好地詮釋了什么是面對(duì)困境時(shí)的積極心態(tài)。而事實(shí)也證明，中國(guó)人民是能夠應(yīng)對(duì)好任何不利局面，并克服一切困難的。面對(duì)艱難險(xiǎn)阻，他們始終滿懷信心；無(wú)論情況多么嚴(yán)峻，他們始終面帶微笑。

虎年春節(jié)：與冬奧會(huì)同慶

此次在北京，我的2022年春節(jié)過(guò)得別有一番氣氛。在今年的春節(jié)假期期間，萬(wàn)眾矚目的2022年冬奧會(huì)拉開(kāi)帷幕。冬奧會(huì)為今年的春節(jié)慶典活動(dòng)平添了不少樂(lè)趣，更帶來(lái)了不少大場(chǎng)面。

伴隨著春節(jié)與冬奧會(huì)的同期來(lái)臨，北京被節(jié)日的氣氛籠罩。全市家家戶(hù)戶(hù)張燈結(jié)彩，并貼上了寓意虎年大吉的春聯(lián)。無(wú)論是旅游景點(diǎn)、購(gòu)物中心和餐館，還是商店、超市與小巷，均洋溢著節(jié)日的氣氛，四周的燈柱上已然掛滿了紅燈籠與中國(guó)結(jié)。與此同時(shí)，奧運(yùn)廣告牌和橫幅隨處可見(jiàn)，令人眼花繚亂，也給北京平添了額外的節(jié)日氣氛。

今年的春晚，特別聚焦在冬奧會(huì)與中國(guó)的太空成就上，并著重突出了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年、鄉(xiāng)村振興以及生態(tài)文明等重大主題。春晚的演出格外精彩，包括歌舞表演、魔術(shù)表演、傳統(tǒng)喜劇，以及其他類(lèi)型的創(chuàng)意節(jié)目，讓中國(guó)及世界各地的觀眾共同慶祝這一時(shí)刻。

春節(jié)期間，人們還成群結(jié)隊(duì)地前往購(gòu)物中心。此次奧運(yùn)會(huì)的吉祥物“冰墩墩”以及殘奧會(huì)的吉祥物“雪容融”成為炙手可熱的商品。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，這些吉祥物早已被銷(xiāo)售一空，就連庫(kù)存也已清零。在北京的各類(lèi)紀(jì)念品商店前，都能看到許多人排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)吉祥物。

伴隨著春節(jié)檔電影的上映，中國(guó)的電影市場(chǎng)仍舊堅(jiān)挺，電影院內(nèi)人山人海。春節(jié)期間，除院線影片外，影迷們還可以選擇在流媒體網(wǎng)站上觀看影片。

如往年一樣，在春節(jié)期間，人們還會(huì)激活自己的味蕾，品嘗湯圓、餃子、年糕、春卷，以及其他各種令人垂涎的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)菜肴。許多中國(guó)人相信，每一種食物，都對(duì)他們的生活具有特殊的意義。他們認(rèn)為：雞蛋象征著一個(gè)健康的大家庭，龍蝦則象征著財(cái)源滾滾，蝦米象征著好運(yùn)與財(cái)富，烤乳豬則象征著平安，鴨子象征著忠誠(chéng)，壽桃象征著長(zhǎng)壽，豆腐象征著全家的幸福與好運(yùn)，魚(yú)象征著有余與富貴。

然而，就在今年，奧運(yùn)熱潮已然超過(guò)了春節(jié)的歡慶。

由于疫情的影響，人們無(wú)法到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)去觀看冬奧會(huì)，但他們對(duì)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱情從未消退。春節(jié)黃金周已經(jīng)畫(huà)上句點(diǎn)，人們也都回到了各自的工作崗位，但他們還是會(huì)擠出時(shí)間，在屏幕前觀看自己喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)員及國(guó)家隊(duì)的比賽，并為中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員在奧運(yùn)賽場(chǎng)上向世界展示實(shí)力而感到歡欣鼓舞。中國(guó)人民之所以如此興奮，是因?yàn)楸本┮殉蔀槿蛭ㄒ坏摹半p奧之城”，既舉辦了夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)，又舉辦了冬奧會(huì)。

通過(guò)舉辦冬奧會(huì)，中國(guó)還創(chuàng)造了更多的紀(jì)錄。中國(guó)成為歷史上首個(gè)將8個(gè)夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)場(chǎng)館重新用于冬奧會(huì)的國(guó)家，這著實(shí)令人不可思議。最重要的是，中國(guó)在這次奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，首次使用了諸多高科技手段及工具，以確保在整個(gè)冬奧會(huì)期間實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和的目標(biāo)，這表明了中國(guó)對(duì)綠色奧運(yùn)理念的承諾。

所有的場(chǎng)館均由綠色能源供電，這也是奧運(yùn)會(huì)歷史上的首次。河北省山城張家口市擁有豐富的風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能資源，其所產(chǎn)生的電力被用于冬奧場(chǎng)館。此外，北京還引進(jìn)了用于制冰的二氧化碳制冷劑，這是一種環(huán)保的天然制冷劑，能夠進(jìn)一步減少溫室氣體的排放。

一些高科技也被用于應(yīng)對(duì)本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)面臨的最嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)——新冠肺炎疫情防控。中國(guó)還將在冬奧會(huì)結(jié)束后，對(duì)場(chǎng)館進(jìn)行改造，使其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯鐓^(qū)及健康中心等不同用途的場(chǎng)所。這一切，都證明了中國(guó)對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和節(jié)約辦奧運(yùn)的莊嚴(yán)承諾。

I have been inquisitive to know China since my teens when I learned that with a recorded history of more than two thousand years, the Chinese civilization has been around for over five thousand years. My quest to be acquainted with authentic China started to fulfill after I got into Beijing in 2019. I felt that this ancient civilization has given rise to many splendid and unique cultural rituals and festivals. Of them, the Chinese New Year is the biggest.

Spring Festival: The Most Anticipated is Family Reunion

The Chinese New Year is better known as the Spring Festival as it marks the beginning of spring and the end of winter every year. Amid much festivity and fanfare, the Chinese worldwide celebrate the festival every year. The celebrations begin on the Eve of the New Year and end with the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the year. The first seven days of the New Year are public holidays, known as the Golden Week, in China. After that, the festival combines an array of celebrations like lion dances, fireworks, family gatherings, family meals, visiting friends and relatives, giving red envelopes, and decorating with couplets.

My Chinese friends told me that Chinese families gather for the annual reunion dinner on the Eve of the New Year. Then, they thoroughly clean their house to sweep away any ill-fortune and make way for incoming good luck. The windows and doors of their homes are decorated with red papercuts and couplets.

I witnessed that, during the festival, the most important and attractive part of the festival is the family gathering and annual reunion dinner.Every member of the Chinese family joins the dinner every year. In doing so, the Chinese travel in droves to their ancestral homes from their workplaces around the globe.

Chinese New Year of the Ox: Always Smile in the Face of Difficulties

My local friends and colleagues told me that every year represents an animal in a 12-year repeating cycle, and 2021 was named the year of the ox, known for its diligence and fortune in Chinese culture.

Festivities and travel to families always mark and add extra color to the New Year celebrations. But last year, as I noticed, it was celebrated in a different but festive atmosphere. People canceled the main rituals of family gatherings and dinner for the pandemic. The government also advised people to celebrate the festival in their workplaces. It also undertook enough preparations to help people observe the carnival in festivity. The employers offered festival allowance to their employees.In the same way, some communities arranged dishes for every family so that they didn’t feel the absence of their family members celebrating the festival outside their homes.

As a result, except for suspending family gatherings and dinners, the other festival rituals were observed in a grand style like every year. Al-most every corner wore a celebratory look as each house was decorated with red papercuts and lanterns. Every door of every house was also decorated with red stickers written with different good luck wishes,and colorful illustrations of buildings in various cities brought extra vibes to the festivity.

I also came to know that as part of the new year celebrations, Chinese revelers enjoyed a spectacular visual feast-the annual Spring Festival Gala of China Media Group (CMG)-on the eve of the Chinese New Year. The superb gala known as Chunwan in the Chinese language has already earned the recognition of the most-watched television show in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records. The show reached a record 1.27 billion viewers around the globe last year.

When I was first celebrating the festival in China last year, despite the pandemic, I found every Chinese person full of energy, enthusiasm, and ecstasy for the celebrations. Their attitudes portrayed how resilient they are. It proved that the Chinese could adapt to any situation and turn around any difficulties. They are confident to brave any hardship no matter how serious and grave it is, wearing a smile on their lips.

Chinese New Year of the Tiger: Celebrating with the Winter Olympics

This time I have experienced the festival in a different atmosphere in Beijing. During the golden week of the festival, the much-soughtafter Winter Olympics was inaugurated with a big bang in the capital of China. As a result, the Winter Olympics have added extra color and extravaganza to the New Year celebrations this year.

As the two carnivals have coincided, festivities have gripped Beijing.Homes across the city have been decorated with the red Chinese calligraphy scrolls wishing good luck in the year of the tiger. Tourist spots, shopping malls, restaurants, shops, supermarkets, and alleys of the city have worn a festive look as red lanterns and festoons are still hanging from the lampposts in every direction. Simultaneously, startling eye-glittering Olympics billboards and banners all around have brought additional festive vibes to Beijing. As a result, everyone can feel an air of festivities in the capital of China.

With a special focus on the Winter Olympic Games and China’s space achievements, this year’s gala featured major themes such as the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), rural revitalization, and ecological civilization. The splendid show presented an array of performances, including singing and dancing, magic shows, traditional comedy forms, and other creative programs. Many renowned older artists gathered in the studio and joined the younger generation, celebrating the occasion with viewers from China and worldwide.

People have flocked in droves to shopping malls. Bing Dwen Dwen,a panda that is the mascot for the Olympics, and Shuey Rhon Rhon, a lantern that is the mascot for the Paralympics, have been a hot cake in the market. Unfortunately, they have already run out of the online stock market, and many have been seen waiting in long queues in front of different shops across Beijing to buy the mascots.

With eight new productions, the movies around China still witness huge crowds every day. Besides theatrical releases, movie fans have many alternatives on streaming websites during the Spring Festival.

People are also feasting their taste buds with Tangyuan, dumplings, Nian Gao, spring rolls, and other mouth-watering traditional Chinese dishes during the festival like every year. Many believe that every food carries a special significance to their lives. For example, they think eggs symbolize a big and healthy family, unlimited lobster money rolling in, shrimp fortune and wealth, roasted pig peace, duck loyalty, peaches longevity, tofu happiness, and fortune for the entire family fish represents surplus and wealth.

However, the Olympic hysteria has surpassed the New Year extravaganza this year.

As everyone can’t see the games attending the venues due to the pandemic, they have never run out of enthusiasm for the sports. Though the golden week is already over, and people have gotten back to work, they make time to watch the competitions of their favorite athletes and teams on screen, and they get elated to witness how the Chinese athletes show the world their Olympic prowess. As a result, Beijing has become the only city to arrange both the winter and summer Olympics.

China has also set several more records by arranging the Olympics. The country made a rare history by reusing its eight Summer Olympics venues for Winter Olympics for the first time in history. On top of all, China demonstrates its commitment to the concept of a green Olympics by using many high-tech tools for the first time in the 2022 Olympic Games to ensure that the goal of carbon neutrality is achieved throughout the Olympic Games.

For the first time in the history of the Olympics, all the venues are wholly powered by green energy. Power generated from the prosperous wind and solar resources in Zhangjiakou, the mountain city in Hebei, is used in all the venues. In addition, Beijing has introduced eco-friendly carbon dioxide refrigerants for ice-making and further reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

High technologies are also being used to tackle the most formidable challenge facing the Games-COVID-19 prevention and control. China has also designed the venues into sites for different uses like community and health centers once the Winter Olympics are over. It has proved the country’s commitment to sustainable development and frugality.（）