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      基于GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基因表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)探索影響卵巢癌患者預(yù)后及臨床分期的基因

      2022-04-17 08:37:30侯娟蔣樹(shù)立滕長(zhǎng)財(cái)
      右江醫(yī)學(xué) 2022年3期
      關(guān)鍵詞:卵巢癌

      侯娟 蔣樹(shù)立 滕長(zhǎng)財(cái)

      【摘要】 目的 利用基因表達(dá)綜合征(gene expressed omnibus,GEO)公共數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)篩選與卵巢癌分期相關(guān)的基因,并分析其臨床意義。

      方法 從GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)集GSE9891中篩選與臨床分期相關(guān)差異基因,通過(guò)DAVID數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)差異基因進(jìn)行基因本體論(gene ontology,GO)和基因組百科全書(shū)(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析。并且通過(guò)腫瘤基因組圖譜(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)對(duì)差異基因進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。

      結(jié)果 分析數(shù)據(jù)集GSE9891得到23個(gè)與臨床分期相關(guān)差異基因;GO富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn)有效靶基因參與膠原組織和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成;KEGG通路富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn)主要通過(guò)類(lèi)固醇合成信號(hào)通路影響卵巢癌進(jìn)展過(guò)程。臨床分期相關(guān)差異基因在TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中驗(yàn)證得到LUM、COL11A1、IGF1、TIMP3、COL10A1、FAP、COL8A1、EPYC、SFRP2、FABP4與臨床分期相關(guān)(P<0.05,|log2FC|>1.5),其中COL8A1、COL11A1、COL10A1、FABP4和SFRP2等五個(gè)基因與卵巢癌的預(yù)后相關(guān)(P<0.05)。

      結(jié)論 COL8A1、COL11A1、COL10A1、FABP4和SFRP2可能是影響卵巢癌進(jìn)展的生物標(biāo)志物。

      【關(guān)鍵詞】 卵巢癌;臨床分期;基因本體論;通路富集分析;預(yù)后

      中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R715.5?? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A?? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2022.03.003

      Exploration on genes affecting the prognosis and clinical stage of patients with ovarian cancer based on expression data of GEO database gene

      HOU Juan, JIANG Shuli, TENG Changcai▲

      (Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China)

      【Abstract】 Objective To screen genes related to ovarian cancer stage by gene expressed omnibus (GEO) public database, and to analyze their clinical significance.

      Methods Differential genes related to clinical stage were screened from the data set (GSE9891) of the GEO database. Enrichment analysis of differential genes were performed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) through DAVID database. In addition, the differential genes were verified by the cancer genome atlas (TCGA).

      Results By analyzing the data set GSE9891, 23 differential genes related to clinical stage were obtained, GO enrichment analysis found that effective target genes were involved in collagen tissue and extracellular matrix synthesis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was found to influence ovarian cancer progression mainly through the steroid synthesis signaling pathway. The differential genes related to clinical stage were verified in TCGA database that LUM, COL11A1, IGF1, TIMP3, COL10A1, FAP, COL8A1, EPYC, SFRP2 and FABP4 were related to clinical stage (P<0.05, |log2FC|>1.5), and five genes including COL8A1, COL11A1, COL10A1, FABP4 and SFRP2 were related to the prognosis of ovarian cancer (P<0.05).

      Conclusion COL8A1, COL11A1, COL10A1, FABP4 and SFRP2 genes may be biomarkers affecting the progression of ovarian cancer.

      【Key words】 ovarian cancer; clinical stage; gene ontology; pathway enrichment analysis; prognosis

      卵巢癌是致死率最高的婦科腫瘤,在2019年的腫瘤統(tǒng)計(jì)資料中顯示全球新增卵巢癌患者22 240人,死亡14 170人[1]。卵巢癌患者的5年生存率只有45.6%,但是早期卵巢癌患者的5年生存率有70%,目前卵巢癌尚無(wú)令人滿意的早期診斷和治療的方法[2]。卵巢癌由早期向晚期的進(jìn)展離不開(kāi)多種基因的協(xié)同調(diào)控,而對(duì)于影響卵巢癌進(jìn)展的基因的研究目前尚不明確。有研究顯示,CirPUM1、YTHDF1和miR-363-3p均可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)不同基因表達(dá)影響卵巢癌的進(jìn)展[3~4]。本文通過(guò)基因表達(dá)綜合征(gene expressed omnibus,GEO)公共數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)集GSE9891篩選差異基因,對(duì)差異基因進(jìn)行基因本體論(gene ontology,GO)和信號(hào)通路富集分析,為研究卵巢癌的進(jìn)展和治療提供新的治療靶點(diǎn)和理論支持。同時(shí)用腫瘤基因組圖譜(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)差異基因進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,發(fā)現(xiàn)與卵巢癌患者生存相關(guān)的差異基因。

      1 材料與方法

      1.1 資料來(lái)源

      使用GEO2R(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r)分析GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中GSE9891數(shù)據(jù)集中卵巢癌患者的基因表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù),篩選閾值P<0.05和|log2FC|>1.5,卵巢癌患者相關(guān)TCGA數(shù)據(jù)由cBioPortal(http://www.cbioportal.org/)下載,根據(jù)性別、年齡、總生存(overall survival,OS)、腫瘤分級(jí)、臨床分期以及差異基因表達(dá)量數(shù)據(jù)篩選得到485例卵巢癌患者的數(shù)據(jù)?;蚬δ芨患治隼肈AVID(database for annotation,visualization and integrated discovery,https://david.ncifcrf.gov/)在線工具對(duì)差異表達(dá)基因進(jìn)行GO功能和基因組百科全書(shū)(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,顯著的GO功能和KEGG通路篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為P<0.05。

      1.2 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

      用IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0、Graph Pad Prism 8、Excel 2010對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。采用K-M法分析相應(yīng)基因表達(dá)量與OS和無(wú)進(jìn)展生存(progression free survival,PFS)間的關(guān)系;早期組和晚期組的表達(dá)量差異分析采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn):α=0.05。

      2 結(jié)? 果

      2.1 分析數(shù)據(jù)集獲取的差異表達(dá)基因

      利用NCBI網(wǎng)站的在線分析工具GEO2R,分析數(shù)據(jù)集GSE9891獲取與卵巢癌患者分期相關(guān)的差異表達(dá)基因,共得到25個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因,其中8個(gè)基因表達(dá)下調(diào)和17個(gè)基因表達(dá)上調(diào),|log2FC|>1.5,P<0.05。見(jiàn)表1。

      2.2 差異基因功能富集分析和KEGG通路分析

      與卵巢癌分期相關(guān)的差異基因富集于19個(gè)GO terms中。見(jiàn)表2。另外,差異表達(dá)基因主要富集在類(lèi)固醇激素生物合成(steroid hormone biosynthesis)的信號(hào)通路中,而卵巢癌患者激素水平的變化可能與卵巢癌進(jìn)展相關(guān)(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

      2.3 TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)驗(yàn)證差異基因及預(yù)后分析

      TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)驗(yàn)證得到的差異基因,發(fā)現(xiàn)10個(gè)與卵巢癌分期相關(guān)的基因。見(jiàn)表4。筆者對(duì)10個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因進(jìn)行Cox生存分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)COL11A1、COL8A1、SFRP2和FABP4與卵巢癌患者的總生存和無(wú)進(jìn)展生存相關(guān),COL10A1只與卵巢癌患者的總生存相關(guān),而FAP和EPYC只與卵巢癌患者的無(wú)進(jìn)展生存相關(guān)(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。

      3 討 ?論

      卵巢癌是一種以晚期為特征且預(yù)后極差的婦科腫瘤。卵巢癌患者具有較多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,比如哺乳期時(shí)間、服用避孕藥以及生產(chǎn)次數(shù)等均與卵巢癌相關(guān)[5]。研究顯示,卵巢癌的分期直接影響卵巢癌的預(yù)后,晚期卵巢癌患者的5年生存率只有45.6%,但是早期卵巢癌患者的5年生存率卻有70%[2],因此對(duì)于卵巢癌分期相關(guān)的分子機(jī)制研究十分重要。筆者利用生物信息學(xué)方法和工具,篩選出與卵巢癌分期相關(guān)的差異基因,對(duì)差異基因進(jìn)行生存分析得到COL8A1、COL11A1、COL10A1、FABP4和SFRP2與卵巢癌的預(yù)后相關(guān)。研究顯示,COL8A1是細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的組成成分,可以促進(jìn)平滑肌細(xì)胞和肝癌細(xì)胞的增殖和降低肝癌細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物的敏感性[6~7]。在乳腺癌和胃癌中也有類(lèi)似報(bào)道,高表達(dá)COL8A1腫瘤患者預(yù)后較差[6,8~10],這與筆者的研究結(jié)果相一致,COL8A1是卵巢癌患者總生存和無(wú)進(jìn)展生存的保護(hù)因素。COL11A1、COL10A1與COL8A1同屬于膠原蛋白家族,具有相似的生物學(xué)功能[4,11~12]。FABP4最初在脂肪細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞中表達(dá),調(diào)節(jié)肥胖誘導(dǎo)的胰島素拮抗[13],在癌細(xì)胞與周?chē)?xì)胞間質(zhì)進(jìn)行特異性雙向通訊進(jìn)而影響腫瘤微環(huán)境的代謝[14]。SFRP2是褶皺蛋白家族成員,是典型的負(fù)反饋Wnt通路調(diào)節(jié)蛋白[15],SFRP2可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)Wnt信號(hào)通路,抑制非小細(xì)胞肺癌的生存和轉(zhuǎn)移[15~16],同時(shí),作為Wnt通路的拮抗蛋白可以導(dǎo)致β-catenin和MITF的降低,使氧化還原關(guān)鍵酶APE1失活,使其對(duì)靶向治療更具有抵抗力[17]。筆者對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)集GSE9891的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),差異基因的信號(hào)通路富集于激素的生物合成通路,因此推斷激素的合成水平可能與卵巢癌的進(jìn)展相關(guān)。目前,激素應(yīng)用于乳腺癌和前列腺癌的治療已經(jīng)有十余年,激素及類(lèi)固醇類(lèi)物質(zhì)對(duì)癌癥的進(jìn)展和治療均具有特殊作用。激素在生理狀態(tài)和病理狀態(tài)下均可以發(fā)揮作用,但其作用機(jī)制卻不同,仍需要進(jìn)一步的機(jī)制研究。

      綜上所述,本研究分析發(fā)現(xiàn),COL8A1、COL11A1、COL10A1、FABP4和SFRP2這5個(gè)基因的表達(dá)水平與卵巢癌患者的分期有關(guān),并且參與調(diào)節(jié)代謝,細(xì)胞凋亡和激素合成等多種生物過(guò)程。因此,當(dāng)這些基因發(fā)生改變時(shí),影響卵巢癌患者體內(nèi)的激素水平,導(dǎo)致卵巢癌的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展,進(jìn)而對(duì)卵巢癌患者的生存率產(chǎn)生影響。因此及時(shí)注意觀測(cè)卵巢癌患者體內(nèi)激素水平的變化十分重要,為激素治療卵巢癌提供了理論支持。

      參 考 文 獻(xiàn)

      [1] ?DESANTIS C E, MILLER K D, DALE W, et al. Cancer statistics for adults aged 85 years and older,2019[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2019,69(6):452-467.

      [2] ?CHANDRA A, PIUS C, NABEEL M, et al.Ovarian cancer:current status and strategies for improving therapeutic outcomes[J].Cancer Med,2019,8(16):7018-7031.

      [3] ?GU S Q, LUO J H, YAO W X. The regulation of miR-139-5p on the biological characteristics of breast cancer cells by targeting COL11A1[J].Math Biosci Eng,2019,17(2):1428-1441.

      [4] ?LI C S, SHAO T, BAO G C, et al. Identification of potential core genes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma using bioinformatics analysis[J].Am J Transl Res,2019,11(11):6812-6825.

      [5] ?ORONSKY B, RAY C M, SPIRA A I, et al.A brief review of the management of platinum-resistant-platinum-refractory ovarian cancer[J].Med Oncol,2017,34(6):103.

      [6] ?ZHOU J, SONG Y N, GAN W, et al. Upregulation of COL8A1 indicates poor prognosis across human cancer types and promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells[J].Oncol Lett,2020,20(4):34.

      [7] LI X F, WANG Z, TONG H L, et al. Effects of COL8A1 on the proliferation of muscle-derived satellite cells[J].Cell Biol Int,2018,42(9):1132-1140.

      [8] ?MA Z H, MA J H, JIA L, et al. Effect of enhanced expression of COL8A1 on lymphatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice[J].Exp Ther Med,2012,4(4):621-626.

      [9] ?ZHAO Y F, JIA L, MAO X Y, et al. siRNA-targeted COL8A1 inhibits proliferation,reduces invasion and enhances sensitivity to D-limonence treatment in hepatocarcinoma cells[J].IUBMB Life,2009,61(1):74-79.

      [10] ?PENG W, LI J D, ZENG J J, et al. Clinical value and potential mechanisms of COL8A1 upregulation in breast cancer:a comprehensive analysis[J].Cancer Cell Int,2020,20:392.

      [11] ?LI A Q, LI J, LIN J P, et al. COL11A1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and regulates proliferation,migration and invasion of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells in vitro[J].Oncol Rep,2017,37(1):333-340.

      [12] WU Y H, CHANG T H, HUANG Y F, et al. COL11A1 promotes tumor progression and predicts poor clinical outcome in ovarian cancer[J].Oncogene,2014,33(26):3432-3440.

      [13] ?MUKHERJEE A, CHIANG C Y, DAIFOTIS H A, et al. Adipocyte-induced FABP4 expression in ovarian cancer cells promotes metastasis and mediates carboplatin resistance[J].Cancer Res,2020,80(8):1748-1761.

      [14] ?ZHANG Y Q, ZHAO X T, DENG L L, et al. High expression of FABP4 and FABP6 in patients with colorectal cancer[J].World J Surg Oncol,2019,17(1):171.

      [15] ?LIN H, ANGELI M, CHUNG K J, et al. sFRP2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cardiac fibroblasts:differential roles in cell growth,energy metabolism,and extracellular matrix remodeling[J].Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,2016,311(5):C710-C719.

      [16] ?LIU X Y, FU J M, BI H R, et al. DNA methylation of SFRP1,SFRP2,and WIF1 and prognosis of postoperative colorectal cancer patients[J].BMC Cancer,2019,19(1):1212.

      [17] ?KAUR A, WEBSTER M R, MARCHBANK K, et al. sFRP2 in the aged microenvironment drives melanoma metastasis and therapy resistance[J].Nature,2016,532(7598):250-254.

      (收稿日期:2021-07-04 修回日期:2022-02-09)

      (編輯:潘明志)

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