◎供稿：熊艷婷

生理鹽水的作用很多，它可溶解藥物，比如在輸液時(shí)，醫(yī)生絕大部分會(huì)開具生理鹽水來(lái)溶解藥物；它亦可口服補(bǔ)液，當(dāng)身體出現(xiàn)電解質(zhì)紊亂時(shí)，可口服生理鹽水；它還可消炎殺菌。今天，就讓我們一起來(lái)了解一些關(guān)于生理鹽水的知識(shí)吧。

Usually,physiological saline is rarely1)encounteredin daily life,because salt may be added to the food for cooking and few people use physiological saline exclusively.Physiological saline is used more in medicine.Here,we focus on the2)efficacyand use of normal saline.

Physiological saline is also known as3)sterilesaline.It refers to a sodium chloride4)solution.Its5)osmoticpressure is basically equal to that of animal or human6)plasma,which is commonly used in physiological experiments or clinical practice.

1) encounter [?n?ka?nt?(r)] v.遇到

2) efficacy [?ef?k?si ] n.功效

3) sterile [?stera?l ] adj.無(wú)菌的

4) solution [s??lu??n] n.溶液

5) osmotic [?z'm?t?k ] adj.滲透的

6) plasma [?pl?zm?] n.血漿

Actually speakinɡ,physioloɡical saline has a wide ranɡe of effects.Physiological saline is very important as a solvent,and it can be dissolved.Why is it saline instead of normal water? This is because according to research,normal saline is adapted to the physiological environment of the human body.Its pressure is the same as that of the human body,and it will not cause discomfort to the human body after being hit.In addition,it is7)routinelyused for fluid rehydration in clinical practice,not necessarily to dispense drugs.If the patient is8)dehydratedand cannot drink water,and the supplement is also saline.It can also be used externally,of course,such as when cleaning9)woundsor changing dressings.

Hospitals use saline solutions to hydrate patients instead of distilled water because saline solution replenished the body with nutrients,such as sodium,as well as water,which is needed for muscles and nerves to work properly.

7) routinely [ru:'ti:nl?] adv.常規(guī)地

8) dehydrated [?di:ha?'dre?t?d] adj.脫水的

9) wound [wa?nd] n.傷口

通常，我們平時(shí)生活當(dāng)中很少用到生理鹽水，因?yàn)樵谂腼兪澄飼r(shí)會(huì)加鹽，幾乎沒(méi)有人專門去加生理鹽水。生理鹽水在醫(yī)學(xué)上使用較多?，F(xiàn)在，我們來(lái)了解一下生理鹽水的功效與用途。

生理鹽水，又稱無(wú)菌生理鹽水，是指生理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)或臨床上常用的滲透壓與動(dòng)物或人體血漿的滲透壓基本相等的氯化鈉溶液。

實(shí)際上，生理鹽水作用很廣泛。生理鹽水很重要的作用是作為可以溶解的溶劑來(lái)使用。為什么用生理鹽水而不是普通的水？這是因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)研究，生理鹽水與人體的生理環(huán)境相適應(yīng)。它的滲透壓值跟人體內(nèi)的一樣，注射進(jìn)去以后，不會(huì)令人體產(chǎn)生不適。另外，臨床當(dāng)中生理鹽水常規(guī)是用來(lái)補(bǔ)液，不一定用于配藥物。如病人正處于脫水狀態(tài)、無(wú)法喝水，補(bǔ)充的就是生理鹽水。當(dāng)然，生理鹽水亦可外用，如清潔傷口或換藥時(shí)使用。

醫(yī)院使用生理鹽水而不是蒸餾水來(lái)給病人補(bǔ)水，是因?yàn)樯睇}水可為身體補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，比如鈉，鈉和水一樣，是肌肉和神經(jīng)正常工作所必需的。