劉鈺懿 慕之勇 胡輅 王軍 熊偉 胡鴻 劉愛民 安選 許愈強(qiáng) 余灝東 王金能 文良志 陳東風(fēng)
摘要:目的 探討Child-Pugh評(píng)分、終末期肝病模型(MELD)評(píng)分、聯(lián)合血清鈉離子的終末期肝病模型(MELD-Na)評(píng)分、慢性肝衰竭聯(lián)盟-急性失代償(CLIF-C AD)評(píng)分和經(jīng)頸靜脈肝內(nèi)門體分流術(shù)(TIPS)術(shù)后生存Freiburg指數(shù)(FIPS)評(píng)分對(duì)肝硬化患者生存的預(yù)測價(jià)值。方法 回顧性分析2014年1月—2021年2月我國西南地區(qū)多家醫(yī)院行TIPS治療的447例肝硬化患者的臨床資料,其中生存組306例,死亡組62例。計(jì)算五種評(píng)分模型分值,并基于五種評(píng)分模型分別對(duì)患者進(jìn)行生存分析。正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本的t檢驗(yàn);不符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料組間比較采用非參數(shù)Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用Pearson χ2檢驗(yàn);采用Cox回歸分析各評(píng)分模型對(duì)TIPS患者預(yù)后的影響;Kaplan-Meier法分析不同評(píng)分水平的患者死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的差異,并采用Log-rank檢驗(yàn)。各模型預(yù)測能力采用受試者工作特征曲線下面積(AUC)、不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)C指數(shù)及決策曲線進(jìn)行評(píng)估。結(jié)果 生存組患者年齡(Z=2.884)低于死亡組,Alb(t=3.577)、Na+(Z=-3.756)均高于死亡組,而酒精性肝硬化患者比例(χ2=22.674)、AST(Z=2.141)、PT(Z=2.486)、INR(Z=2.429)、TBil(Z=3.754)、腹水嚴(yán)重程度(χ2=14.186)及五種模型評(píng)分均低于死亡組(P值均<0.05)。生存分析顯示,各評(píng)分模型均能有效對(duì)TIPS患者預(yù)后進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層。對(duì)各評(píng)分模型不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)C指數(shù)比較發(fā)現(xiàn),Child-Pugh評(píng)分對(duì)術(shù)后生存預(yù)測能力較高,其次為MELD-Na評(píng)分、MELD評(píng)分和CLIF-C AD評(píng)分,而FIPS評(píng)分預(yù)測能力相對(duì)較差,此外,隨時(shí)間延長,各評(píng)分預(yù)測效能均減弱。Child-Pugh評(píng)分術(shù)后1年生存率的預(yù)測效能最大(AUC=0.832),MELD-Na評(píng)分術(shù)后3年生存率的預(yù)測效能最大(AUC=0.726),而FIPS評(píng)分術(shù)后在1年和3年生存預(yù)測能力比較中均較差。結(jié)論 五種評(píng)分模型均可作為肝硬化TIPS術(shù)后患者生存的預(yù)測方法,且都可為肝硬化TIPS患者提供有效的預(yù)后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層。在短期預(yù)測上Child-Pugh評(píng)分生存預(yù)測能力更好,長期預(yù)測上MELD-Na評(píng)分生存預(yù)測能力更好,而FIPS評(píng)分預(yù)測能力均相對(duì)較差。
關(guān)鍵詞:肝硬化; 門靜脈高壓; 門體分流術(shù), 經(jīng)頸靜脈肝內(nèi)
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金(82170594)
Value of different scoring models in predicting the survival of patients with liver cirrhosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
LIU Yuyi1, MU Zhiyong1, HU Lu1, WANG Jun1, XIONG Wei2, HU Hong3, LIU Aimin4, AN Xuan5, XU Yuqiang6, YU Haodong7, WANG Jinneng8, WEN Liangzhi1, CHEN Dongfeng1. (1. Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Army Specialized Medical Center of Army Medical University & Daping Hospital, Chongqing 400042, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; 3. Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China; 4. Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing 408000, China; 5. Department of Hepatology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China; 6. Department of Gastroenterology, The Peoples Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, China; 7. Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Qianjiang Hospital, Chongqing 409000, China; 8. Department of Gastroenterology, The Ninth Peoples Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400042, China)
Corresponding author:
CHEN Dongfeng, chendf1981@126.com (ORCID:0000-0001-5514-7358)
Abstract:
Objective To compare the value of Child-Pugh score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, MELD combined with serum sodium concentration (MELD-Na) score, CLIF Consortium Acute Decompensation (CLIF-C AD) score, and Freiburg index of post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) survival (FIPS) score in predicting the survival of patients undergoing TIPS. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 447 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent TIPS in several hospitals in southwest China, among whom there were 306 patients in the survival group and 62 in the death group. The scores of the above five models were calculated, and a survival analysis was performed based on these models. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the Pearson chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; a multivariate Cox regression analysis was used for correction analysis of known influencing factors with statistical significance which were not included in the scoring models; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of each model in identifying risks in the surgical population, and the log-rank test was used for analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), C-index at different time points, and calibration curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of each scoring model. Results Compared with the death group, the survival group had significantly lower age (Z=2.884, P<0.05), higher albumin (t=3.577, P<0.05), and Na+ (Z=-3.756, P<0.05) and significantly lower proportion of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (χ2=22.674, P<0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (Z=2.141, P<0.05), prothrombin time (Z=2.486, P<0.05), international normalized ratio (Z=2.429, P<0.05), total bilirubin (Z=3.754, P<0.05), severity of ascites (χ2=14.186, P<0.05), and scores of the five models (all P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that all scoring models effectively stratified the prognostic risk of the patients undergoing TIPS. Comparison of the C-index of each scoring model at different time points showed that Child-Pugh score had the strongest ability in predicting postoperative survival, followed by MELD-Na score, MELD score, and CLIF-C AD score, and FIPS score had a relatively poor predictive ability; in addition, the prediction efficiency of each score gradually decreased over time. Child-Pugh score had the largest AUC of 0.832 in predicting 1-year survival rate after surgery, and MELD-Na score had the largest AUC of 0.726 in predicting 3-year survival rate after surgery, but FIPS score had a poor ability in predicting 1- and 3-year survival rates. Conclusion All five scoring models can predict the survival of patients with liver cirrhosis after TIPS and can provide effective stratification of prognostic risk for such patients. Child-Pugh score has a better ability in predicting short-term survival, while MELD-Na score has a better ability in predicting long-term survival, but FIPS score has a relatively poor predictive ability in predicting both short-term and long-term survival.
Key words:
Liver Cirrhosis; Portal Hypertension; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic
Research funding:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170594)
經(jīng)頸靜脈肝內(nèi)門體分流術(shù)(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, TIPS)是治療肝硬化門靜脈高壓相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的重要手段之一,目前已被多部指南[1-2]推薦用于肝硬化食管胃底靜脈破裂急性出血的控制、再出血的預(yù)防以及頑固性胸腹水的治療。相較于外科分流術(shù)或斷流術(shù),TIPS具有創(chuàng)傷性小、安全性高、適用性廣、療效確切等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。然而臨床上仍有部分患者術(shù)后因肝衰竭、頑固性肝性腦病、再出血等各種原因死亡[3],因此準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估預(yù)測TIPS術(shù)后患者的生存結(jié)局對(duì)臨床患者術(shù)前篩選及術(shù)后隨訪管理具有重要意義。
目前臨床上已有多種肝臟功能評(píng)分模型用于肝硬化患者預(yù)后評(píng)估,其中包括1973年由Child、Turcotte創(chuàng)建,并被Pugh 進(jìn)一步改良后形成的Child-Pugh 評(píng)分[4];2001年Malinchoc等[5]提出的終末期肝?。∕ELD)評(píng)分;2006年Biggins等[6]在MELD評(píng)分基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合血清鈉提出了MELD-Na評(píng)分;2015年,歐洲肝病學(xué)會(huì)-慢性肝衰竭聯(lián)盟(EASL-CLIF)[7]發(fā)布了慢性肝衰竭聯(lián)盟-急性失代償評(píng)分(chronic liver failureconsortium acute decompensation score, CLIF-C AD),該評(píng)分旨在預(yù)測失代償性肝硬化患者的3個(gè)月病死率;2021年Bettinger等[8]基于膽紅素、肌酐、年齡及Alb構(gòu)建新型評(píng)分模型(Freiburg index of post-TIPS survival, FIPS)預(yù)測TIPS患者半年內(nèi)生存結(jié)局。盡管目前對(duì)Child-Pugh 評(píng)分、MELD評(píng)分、MELD-Na評(píng)分以及CLIF-C AD評(píng)分之間預(yù)測TIPS患者臨床結(jié)局價(jià)值進(jìn)行比較的研究已有報(bào)道,但由于手術(shù)技術(shù)的革新及指南意見的更新[9],TIPS治療適應(yīng)證相比以往有所拓展,治療人群基線特征出現(xiàn)了新變化,加上近兩年FIPS評(píng)分的提出,目前尚無相關(guān)研究采用上述幾種評(píng)分模型對(duì)TIPS術(shù)后患者生存預(yù)測進(jìn)行比較。此外,既往研究主要評(píng)估多種評(píng)分模型對(duì)術(shù)后短期生存的預(yù)測價(jià)值,而對(duì)術(shù)后中長期生存預(yù)測價(jià)值的評(píng)估尚未見報(bào)道。
為此,本研究通過分析我國西南地區(qū)多家醫(yī)院近年來接受TIPS治療的肝硬化患者臨床及隨訪資料,比較Child-Pugh評(píng)分、MELD評(píng)分、MELD-Na評(píng)分、CLIF-C AD評(píng)分及FIPS評(píng)分對(duì)TIPS術(shù)后患者的中長期生存預(yù)測價(jià)值,以期為臨床提供有益參考。
1 資料與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 回顧性分析2014年1月—2021年2月于陸軍軍醫(yī)大學(xué)陸軍特色醫(yī)學(xué)中心(大坪醫(yī)院)、重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)第三附屬醫(yī)院、川北醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬南充市中心醫(yī)院、重慶大學(xué)附屬涪陵醫(yī)院、重慶大學(xué)附屬三峽醫(yī)院、四川省樂山市人民醫(yī)院、重慶大學(xué)附屬黔江醫(yī)院、重慶市第九人民醫(yī)院行TIPS 治療的447例患者的病歷資料。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)肝硬化行TIPS治療患者;(2)年齡18歲~80歲,性別不限;排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并肝癌及其他惡性腫瘤;(2)非首次TIPS或手術(shù)失?。唬?)非肝硬化或嚴(yán)重肝衰竭;(4)術(shù)后1年內(nèi)肝移植或失訪;(5)合并嚴(yán)重心肺等大器官疾??;(6)精神疾病;(7)研究者認(rèn)為不適合納入的其他情況。
1.2 數(shù)據(jù)收集 收集臨床基線資料與隨訪資料,其中臨床基線資料包括患者性別、年齡、BMI、肝硬化病因、肝硬化并發(fā)癥(腹水、肝性腦病),以及實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查,包括血常規(guī)(WBC、PLT、Hb),肝腎功能及生化指標(biāo)(ALT、AST、Alb、TBil、Scr、血Na+)和凝血功能(PT、INR)。隨訪資料通過電話和門診進(jìn)行隨訪,隨訪終點(diǎn)是死亡或肝移植,隨訪截止日期為2022年3月10日。生存時(shí)間從TIPS手術(shù)之日起計(jì)算。
1.3 各評(píng)分模型分值計(jì)算 Child-Pugh評(píng)分[4]由血清TBil、Alb、PT、腹水、肝性腦病分期求和,再進(jìn)一步分級(jí)(A級(jí)4~6分,B級(jí)7~9分,C級(jí)10~15);MELD評(píng)分[5]=3.8×ln[TBil (μmol/L)÷17.1] + 11.2 × ln(INR)+9.6×ln[Scr (μmol/L)÷88.4]+6.4,并把任何小于1的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查值均設(shè)定為1,以消除負(fù)值;MELD-Na評(píng)分[6]=MELD+1.59×(137-Na+),其中血Na+濃度小于125 mmol/L與大于137 mmol/L的血清鈉濃度分別設(shè)定為125 mmol/L與137 mmol/L。CLIF-C AD評(píng)分[7]=10×{[0.03×年齡(歲)]+0.66×ln[Scr(μmol/L)÷88.4]+[1.71×ln(INR)]+[0.88×ln WBC(×109/L)]-[0.05×Na(mmol/L)]+8};FIPS評(píng)分[8]=1.43×lg[TBil(μmol/L)]-88.4×1.71÷Scr(μmol/L)+0.02×年齡(歲)-0.02×Alb(g/L);其中CLIF-C AD根據(jù)是否大于35,F(xiàn)IPS根據(jù)是否大于-0.45,MELD根據(jù)是否大于9,MELD-Na根據(jù)是否大于15分為高危組與低危組,以進(jìn)一步評(píng)估各模型對(duì)不同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人群預(yù)后的區(qū)分度。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 應(yīng)用SPSS 26.0和R 4.1.2軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本的t檢驗(yàn);不符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料用M(P25~P75)表示,組間比較采用非參數(shù)Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用Pearson χ2檢驗(yàn);Cox回歸分析各評(píng)分模型對(duì)TIPS患者預(yù)后的影響;Kaplan-Meier法分析不同評(píng)分水平的患者死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的差異,并采用Log-rank進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。各模型預(yù)測能力采用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線)下面積(AUC)、不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)C-index指數(shù)及決策曲線進(jìn)行評(píng)估。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般資料 447例肝硬化患者在研究期間接受了TIPS手術(shù)治療,79例被剔除,其中術(shù)后1年內(nèi)失訪25例,TIPS支架修復(fù)術(shù)或手術(shù)失敗19例,合并肝癌及其他惡性腫瘤14例,其他21例,最終納入368例患者(圖1)。至隨訪終止,62例患者因肝臟疾病去世,其中上消化道出血20例,肝性腦病14例,原發(fā)性肝癌11例,嚴(yán)重感染9例,肝衰竭6例,下消化道大出血2例。生存組與死亡組患者之間年齡、肝硬化病因、腹水嚴(yán)重程度、Alb、AST、PT、INR、TBil、Na+、Child-Pugh評(píng)分、MELD評(píng)分、MELD-Na評(píng)分、CLIF-C AD評(píng)分及FIPS評(píng)分差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.05)(表1)。
2.2 各評(píng)分模型對(duì)TIPS患者預(yù)后的影響評(píng)價(jià) 單因素Cox回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,年齡、肝硬化病因、腹水嚴(yán)重程度、Alb、PT、INR、TBil、Na+、Child-Pugh評(píng)分、MELD評(píng)分、MELD-Na評(píng)分、CLIF-C AD評(píng)分及FIPS評(píng)分差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。鑒于各評(píng)分模型所納入臨床指標(biāo)存在交集,為避免多重共線性,分別將生存組與死亡組間存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異且未被納入評(píng)分模型的臨床指標(biāo)分別納入各評(píng)分模型行多因素Cox回歸分析,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證各評(píng)分模型是否為TIPS患者生存的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),校正年齡、肝硬化病因和Na+后,Child-Pugh評(píng)分是TIPS患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素(HR=1.51, 95%CI:1.29~1.77, P<0.05);校正年齡、腹水、Alb和Na+后,MELD評(píng)分是TIPS患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素(HR=1.14, 95%CI:1.05~1.24, P<0.05);校正年齡、腹水和Alb后,MELD-Na評(píng)分是TIPS患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素(HR=1.14, 95%CI:1.06~1.20, P<0.05);校正肝硬化病因、腹水、Alb和血清TBil后,CLIF-C AD評(píng)分是TIPS患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素(HR=1.04, 95%CI:1.01~1.10, P<0.05);校正肝硬化病因、腹水、和Na+后,F(xiàn)IPS評(píng)分是TIPS患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素(HR=1.79, 95%CI:1.24~2.56, P<0.05)(圖2)。
2.3 各評(píng)分模型對(duì)TIPS患者死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的區(qū)分能力生存分析顯示,Child-Pugh A與B、C級(jí),MELD低危組(≤9)與高危組(>9),MELD-Na低危組(≤15)與高危組(>15),CLIF-C AD低危組(≤35)與高危組(>35)以及FIPS低危組(≤-0.45)與高危組(>-0.45),各組之間患者生存率存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P值均<0.01),提示五種評(píng)分模型均能有效對(duì)TIPS患者預(yù)后進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層(圖3)。
2.4 五種評(píng)分模型生存預(yù)測能力比較 五種模型均有較好的區(qū)分能力,C指數(shù)均大于0.6。Child-Pugh評(píng)分對(duì)術(shù)后生存預(yù)測能力較高,而FIPS評(píng)分預(yù)測能力最差,此外,隨時(shí)間延長,各評(píng)分預(yù)測能力均減弱(圖4a)。決策曲線顯示,Child-Pugh評(píng)分及MELD-Na評(píng)分表現(xiàn)良好(圖4b)。為進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)各評(píng)分模型預(yù)測能力,選取術(shù)后1年、3年作為觀察點(diǎn),結(jié)果顯示,Child-Pugh(AUC=0.832)能更好的預(yù)測術(shù)后1年生存率,然后依次分別為MELD-Na(AUC= 0.807),CLIF-C AD(AUC=0.747),MELD(AUC=0.746)和FIPS(AUC=0.745)。而在預(yù)測3年生存率方面,MELD-Na(AUC=0.726)具有更好的預(yù)測能力,其次是Child-Pugh(AUC=0.710),MELD(AUC=0.705)和CLIF-C AD(AUC=0.705),然后是FIPS(AUC=0.658)(圖4c、d)。
3 討論
TIPS自1982年開始應(yīng)用于臨床[10],歷經(jīng)數(shù)十年的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)已成為治療肝硬化門靜脈高壓癥的重要手段?;颊吒闻K功能與TIPS術(shù)預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。為了能夠準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測TIPS術(shù)后患者生存結(jié)局,目前已應(yīng)用了一系列肝臟評(píng)分模型,如傳統(tǒng)的CTP評(píng)分及肌酐矯正后CTP(CrCTP-Ⅰ, CrCTP-Ⅱ)、各種改良后MELD評(píng)分(MELD-Na、MESO、iMELD等)、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分以及近年來新開發(fā)的ALBI評(píng)分、FIPS評(píng)分等[6,11-13]。既往一些研究已對(duì)CTP、MELD、FIPS及APACHEⅡ評(píng)分模型的預(yù)測能力分別進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。然而,目前尚未見用傳統(tǒng)肝功能Child-Pugh評(píng)分、MELD評(píng)分、MELD-Na與近年來新開發(fā)的CLIF-C AD評(píng)分、FIPS評(píng)分對(duì)TIPS患者生存預(yù)測價(jià)值相對(duì)比的研究。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,TIPS術(shù)后生存組患者年齡低于死亡組,Alb、Na+均高于死亡組,而酒精性肝硬化患者比例、AST、PT、INR、TBil、腹水嚴(yán)重程度及五種模型評(píng)分均低于死亡組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.05)。這與之前相關(guān)研究[14-18]報(bào)道年齡、酒精性肝硬化、肝功能評(píng)分是TIPS術(shù)后危險(xiǎn)因素研究結(jié)果一致。分別校正生存組與死亡組患者間存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異且未被納入各評(píng)分模型的混雜變量后發(fā)現(xiàn),五種評(píng)分模型均是TIPS患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素。針對(duì)人群風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層,通過Kaplan-Meier方法繪制生存曲線,并采用Log-rank檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行比較,與既往研究結(jié)果相同[19],本研究同樣顯示,五種評(píng)分模型均具有較好的人群風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)分能力。比較每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同評(píng)分模型C指數(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn),Child-Pugh評(píng)分對(duì)術(shù)后生存預(yù)測能力較高,其次為MELD-Na評(píng)分、MELD評(píng)分和CLIF-C AD評(píng)分,而FIPS評(píng)分預(yù)測能力相對(duì)較差;但隨患者生存時(shí)間延長,Child-Pugh評(píng)分與FIPS評(píng)分預(yù)測能力均降低,而MELD評(píng)分和CLIF-C AD評(píng)分預(yù)測能力相對(duì)穩(wěn)健。通過決策曲線也發(fā)現(xiàn)Child-Pugh評(píng)分和MELD-Na評(píng)分均表現(xiàn)良好。在1年、3年生存率預(yù)測的對(duì)比研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Child-Pugh評(píng)分預(yù)測1年生存率優(yōu)于另外四種評(píng)分;但在3年生存率預(yù)測方面,Child-Pugh評(píng)分預(yù)測能力下降,而MELD評(píng)分和CLIF-C AD評(píng)分預(yù)測能力相對(duì)穩(wěn)健。在兩個(gè)橫斷面時(shí)間點(diǎn)上,F(xiàn)IPS評(píng)分預(yù)測能力均不令人滿意。
本研究顯示,MELD評(píng)分在生存組與死亡組之間有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。雖然Parvinian等[14]曾報(bào)道MELD評(píng)分不是TIPS患者預(yù)后危險(xiǎn)因素,但本研究與既往大多研究[20-21]結(jié)果一致。另外,在模型預(yù)測能力評(píng)估中,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MELD評(píng)分與CLIF-C AD評(píng)分預(yù)測能力相當(dāng),但與Bettinger等[8]研究結(jié)果不同,本研究未發(fā)現(xiàn)FIPS評(píng)分對(duì)TIPS術(shù)后1年生存率預(yù)測能力優(yōu)于Child-Pugh評(píng)分,究其原因可能為:一是納入人群不同,本研究納入患者主要是以乙型肝炎肝硬化為主體,而以上五種評(píng)分模型主要基于西方酒精性肝硬化人群建立,不同病因的肝硬化患者肝臟損傷特點(diǎn)及發(fā)生發(fā)展規(guī)律不盡一致,這可以導(dǎo)致研究結(jié)論不完全相同;二是本研究中患者腎功能基本正常,血肌酐水平在生存組與死亡組中未見明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,且基本處于正常參考范圍,因此,與Yang等[22]近期發(fā)表的回顧性研究結(jié)果不同,正常的血肌酐值可能降低了血肌酐作為評(píng)分因子(如MELD、FIPS、CLIF-C AD等)的整體預(yù)測效能。因此,針對(duì)我國肝硬化人群,肌酐是否可作為肝功能評(píng)分模型的納入指標(biāo),需要進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。此外,在評(píng)價(jià)各個(gè)評(píng)分模型在不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)預(yù)測肝硬化TIPS術(shù)后生存的能力方面,Child-Pugh評(píng)分在術(shù)后短期的生存率預(yù)測效能良好,這與Lv等[23]的研究一致。但本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Child-Pugh評(píng)分的生存預(yù)測能力受時(shí)間因素影響較大,術(shù)后3年生存率的預(yù)測能力明顯低于其對(duì)TIPS術(shù)后1年生存率的預(yù)測,這可能是由于Child-Pugh評(píng)分主要用于預(yù)測急性出血情況下門體分流術(shù)后的早期存活率,因此,對(duì)TIPS術(shù)后長期預(yù)測價(jià)值可能存在局限性。
盡管本研究納入人群數(shù)量相對(duì)較多,但仍存在一些局限性。第一,本研究是回顧性的研究,失訪患者較多,可能導(dǎo)致統(tǒng)計(jì)分析上實(shí)際死亡人數(shù)降低。第二,由于本研究中患者總死亡人數(shù)較少,且部分患者隨訪時(shí)間未滿3年,可能導(dǎo)致統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生偏倚。第三,隨著TIPS技術(shù)的發(fā)展及修訂后手術(shù)適應(yīng)證的相對(duì)寬松,在本研究中未對(duì)支架類型、手術(shù)適應(yīng)證等潛在影響因素進(jìn)行矯正分析,此外,部分患者缺乏術(shù)中門靜脈壓力值,以上均是研究結(jié)果出現(xiàn)偏倚的潛在因素。
本研究表明,Child-Pugh、MELD、MELD-Na、CLIF-C AD及FIPS對(duì)肝硬化TIPS術(shù)后患者生存均有一定的預(yù)測價(jià)值,且Child-Pugh分級(jí)、MELD評(píng)分>9、MELD-Na評(píng)分>15,CLIF-C AD評(píng)分>35及FIPS評(píng)分>-0.45均可為TIPS治療的肝硬化患者提供有效的預(yù)后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層。在短期預(yù)測上Child-Pugh評(píng)分生存預(yù)測能力更好,長期預(yù)測上MELD-Na評(píng)分生存預(yù)測能力更好。而FIPS評(píng)分預(yù)測能力均相對(duì)較差。
倫理學(xué)聲明:本研究2022年4月19日已取得中國人民解放軍陸軍特色醫(yī)學(xué)中心倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),批號(hào):醫(yī)研倫審(2022)第74號(hào)。
利益沖突聲明:本研究不存在研究者、倫理委員會(huì)成員、受試者監(jiān)護(hù)人以及與公開研究成果有關(guān)的利益沖突。
作者貢獻(xiàn)聲明:劉鈺懿、慕之勇、胡輅、王軍負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)研整理文獻(xiàn),設(shè)計(jì)論文框架,撰寫論文;王軍、熊偉、胡鴻、劉愛民、安選、許愈強(qiáng)、余灝東,王金能、文良志負(fù)責(zé)研究方案設(shè)計(jì),TIPS手術(shù)及結(jié)果分析解讀;陳東風(fēng)負(fù)責(zé)終審論文。
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收稿日期:
2022-11-10;錄用日期:2022-12-29
本文編輯:林姣