事件類記敘文讀寫指南

陳麗芳

文體導讀

事件類記敘文是以描寫、介紹、敘述某一特定事件為主題的文章。此類文章常圍繞故事的開端、發(fā)展、高潮和結局展開，并穿插作者對該事件的看法和對事件中主要人物的評價，在表達方式上常采用夾敘夾議的方式。此類語篇中涉及的故事常包括日常學習生活中的小事、名人趣事、童話故事、小說節(jié)選等。高考中此類文章考查的事件均為具有正能量的事件。讀事件類記敘文的關鍵是抓故事情節(jié)，從而分析故事背后隱含的道理。

策略導航

1.巧用彩色筆細品文章。借助彩色筆對文章中的不同部分做標注，例如：用紫色

筆標注能夠吸引讀者的開頭句，用綠色筆標注段落的主題句，用紅色筆標注概括性的事件敘述句，用黃色筆標注細節(jié)描寫，用藍色筆標注對事件或人物的評價，等等。寫作時根據(jù)標注的情況，進行仿寫。

2.利用故事山（Story Mountain）的結構模式搭建文本框架，搭建讀寫支架。故事山結構模式是事件類記敘文常采用的一種寫作視角，它強調故事沖突的解決，更加適合解釋問題最終得以解決的純故事語篇，其語篇結構模式可以概括為“介紹（Intro?duction）+發(fā)展（Build?up）+沖突（Complication）+解決（Resolution）+結局（Conclusion）”。

在閱讀事件類記敘文時，利用故事山結構模式有助于我們梳理事件發(fā)展的脈絡，把握文章整體結構，分析故事主旨，感悟故事道理。在寫事件類記敘文時，我們可以利用故事山結構模式對文章進行布局，同時還要應用正確的時態(tài)和人稱。

素材導背

show （an） interest in 對……感興趣

develop （an） interest in 培養(yǎng)對……的興趣

be active in 對……很積極；積極參加

be crazy about 對……著迷

be curious about 對……感到好奇

cheer up 變得更高興；振奮起來

give up 放棄

independence 獨立i

n the hope of 抱著……的希望

in a certain sense 在某種意義上

be determined to do sth 下定決心做某事

learn from 向……學習

be bound to 一定會……

face challenges 面對挑戰(zhàn)

pick out 精心挑選；辨別出

in ones spare time 在某人的業(yè)余時間

play an important part in 在……中扮演重要角色

prefer to...rather than 比起……更喜歡……

turn out/prove to be 證明是/結果是

on/upon arrival 一到達

try ones best/spare no effort to do sth 盡某人最大的努力做某事

manage to do sth 設法成功做某事

make progress 取得進步

make sense of 理解

work out the problem 解決問題

concentrate on 集中時間于……

have a good command of 精通……

devote all ones time to sth 把某人所有的時間都投入某事上

be faced with varied pressure 面對各種壓力

Adversity makes a man wise. 逆境出人才。

No pains， no gains. 一分耕耘，一分收獲。

案例導練

Just be yourself

As a youngster， there was nothing I liked better than Sunday afternoons on my grand?fathers farm. Surrounded by miles of winding stone walls， the house and field provided end?less hours of fun for a city kid like me.

Since my first visit to the farm， I had wanted more than anything to be allowed toclimb the stone walls surrounding the houses. My parents would never approve because thewalls were so old that some stones were loose and falling. Still， my idea to climb acrossthose walls grew so strong that finally I had all my courage to enter the living room， wherethe adults had gathered after Sunday dinner.

“I want to climb the stone walls，”I said.“Oh， no！ Youll hurt yourself！”the responsewas just as Id expected. But before I left the room， I was stopped by my grandfathers loudvoice.“Now hold on just a minute，”I heard him say.“Let the boy climb the stone walls. Hehas to learn to do things for himself.”

“Go，”he said to me，“and come and see me when you get back.”For the next two anda half hours I climbed those old walls， and had the time of my life. Later， I met with mygrandfather to tell him about my adventures. Ill never forget what he said.“Fred，”he said，smiling，“you made this day a special day just by being yourself. Always remember， theresonly one person in this whole world like you， and I like you exactly as you are.”

Many years have passed since then， and today， I host the television program MisterRogersNeighborhood， seen by millions of children throughout America. There have beenchanges over the years， but one thing remains the same： my messages to children at the endof almost every visit.“Theres only one person in this whole world like you，”the kids cancount on hearing me say，“and people can like you exactly as you are.”

Ⅰ. 閱讀自測

1. Why did the author enjoy his visits to the farm？

A. He liked his grandfather.

B. There were old stone walls.

C. It was an exciting place for him.

D. He was allowed to climb the stone walls.

2. How did the adults respond to the authors idea？

A. They took pride in him.

B. None of them responded immediately.

C. They were all shocked.

D. All of them didnt back him up.

3. Which of the following can be used to describe the author？

A. Reliable.

B. Adventurous.

C. Devoted.

D. Considerate.

4. What does the text want to tell us？

A. Dont be afraid to be yourself.

B. Remain adventurous.

C. Do whatever you like.

D. An unforgettable experience.

Ⅱ. 語言汲取

（一）事件類記敘文的核心表達

1. 事件的背景

suit ones taste 符合某人的愛好

appeal to 吸引

hold an English Speaking Competition/Contest 舉辦英語演講比賽

take part in/participate in a voluntary activity 參加志愿活動

in order to do sth/with the purpose of doing sth 目的是做某事

arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事

enter for a competition 報名參加比賽

get/win first prize 贏得一等獎

go all out to do sth 全力以赴做某事

owing to 由于2. 事件的發(fā)展過程

at first 起初

in the beginning 起初

at the end of 到……的盡頭

at present 現(xiàn)在；當今

currently 目前；當前

recently/lately 最近

presently 現(xiàn)在；此刻

about two months later 大約兩個月后

in recent years 近年來the former...the latter... 前者……后者……

for one thing...for another... 一方面……另一方面……

on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……

in addition to 另外

therefore 因此

above all 尤其是

worse still 更糟糕的是

obviously 明顯地

to tell you the truth 實話實說

similarly 相似地

the next moment 下一刻

all in all 總之

in short 簡而言之

in conclusion 總之

3. 事件意義

think/speak highly of 高度評價

expand/widen/broaden ones horizons 開闊某人的視野

benefit sb both physically and mentally 使某人身心受益

enrich ones school life 豐富某人的校園生活

stimulate ones potential 激發(fā)某人的潛能

raise ones awareness 增強某人的意識

shape ones personalities 塑造某人的性格

open ones eyes 打開某人的眼界

It not only makes your schoollife colorful， but also improves your learning. 這不僅使你的校園生活豐富多彩，而且還可以促進你的學習。

4. 個人感受

to ones delight 令某人開心的是

to ones surprise 令某人吃驚的是

to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是

be annoyed with sb about sth 因某事對某人生氣

be anxious about 為……擔心

be astonished at 對……感到驚訝

be disappointed at 對……感到失望

be pleased with 對……感到滿足

be sorry for 對……感到抱歉

be proud of 以……為豪

be delighted to do sth 高興地做某事

be touched to tears 感動得流淚

cannot help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事

care about 擔心；關心

complain about 抱怨

long for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事

look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事

have a strong desire to do sth 對做某事有強烈的渴望

have an optimistic attitude towards 對……持樂觀的態(tài)度

with a smile on ones face 某人面帶笑容

make an impression on sb 給某人留下深刻印象

build up confidence 增強自信

（二）文中好詞

better than 比……更好

be surrounded by 被……包圍

miles of winding stone walls 蜿蜒數(shù)英里的石墻

more than anything 最重要的是

be allowed to do sth 被允許做某事

have all ones courage to do sth 鼓足勇氣去做某事

count on 信賴；依賴

hurt oneself 傷害某人自己

（三）精彩表達

1. Surrounded by miles of winding stone walls， the house and field provided endless

hours of fun for a city kid like me.房子和田野被蜿蜒數(shù)英里的石墻環(huán)繞著，為像我這樣的城市孩子提供了無盡的樂趣。

本句中，Surrounded是動詞的過去分詞形式，此處用作非謂語，表示被動，整個非謂語動詞短語放在句首作原因狀語。

2. My parents would never approve because the walls were so old that some stones wereloose and falling. 我的父母絕不會同意，因為這些墻太舊了，以至于有些石頭松動了。

本句中，so...that...引導一個結果狀語從句，意思是“如此……，以至于……”。

3.“Oh， no！ Youll hurt yourself！”the response was just as Id expected.“哦，不！你會受傷的！”他們的回答正如我所預料的那樣。

本句中，as引導的是一個比較狀語從句，在句中意為“正如”，用來指代前面的主句部分。as Id expected是常見搭配，意為“正如我所預料的”。

Ⅲ. 句式仿寫

1. 我們很快就喜歡上了這個被青山碧水環(huán)繞的千年古鎮(zhèn)。

We soon fell in love with the thousand?year?old town， .2. 這里的景色是如此美麗，以至于我忘記了自己身在何處。

that I forgot where I was.3. 正如我們所期待的，她獲得了一等獎。

She， ， got first prize.

Ⅳ. 寫作實踐

俗話說，“一分耕耘，一分收獲”，請以“Efforts and success”為主題，寫一篇短文講述你的故事。要點包括：

1. 遇到的問題；

2. 解決問題的做法與成效；

3. 你的感想。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 至少需要使用兩個本文中解析過的句式；

4. 注意段落內的邏輯關系。

評價導思

A self?assessment checklist for my narrative reading

1. 閱讀本文前，我認真閱讀了事件類記敘文的相關知識?！?Yes □ No

2. 在閱讀過程中，我會借助彩色筆對文章中的不同部分做標注?！?Yes □ No

3. 在閱讀過程中，我會用故事山結構模式梳理文章。□ Yes □ No

4. 在這篇文章中，我最喜歡的部分是。

□ Background □ Characters □ Deeds □ Evaluation

5. 讀完這篇文章后，我會嘗試著寫一篇事件類記敘文?！?Yes □ No

6. 讀完這篇文章后，我會花費分鐘來讀完一篇大約350詞的事件類記敘文。

□ 5 □ 7 □ 9 □ 其他

7. 本次讀寫活動后，我領悟到了故事中體現(xiàn)的為人處事的道理。□ Yes □ No

8. 為了更好地閱讀事件類記敘文，我需要。

□ 加倍努力□ 持之以恒□ 培養(yǎng)良好的思維品質□ 形成高效的讀寫策略

9. 在接下來的時間里，我會讀一本叫作的故事書。