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      新目標英語七年級(下)重點、考點歸納總結(jié)(上)

      2024-10-09 00:00:00屈培華
      關(guān)鍵詞:原形狀語主語

      There be結(jié)構(gòu)

      there be 意為“某處有某物”。如:

      There is a park in front of our school. 我們學(xué)校前有個公園。

      there be 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地存在某物或某人”。它的基本句式為:there be +主語(名詞)+地點狀語,其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞,本身無詞義,也不發(fā)生變化,而真正的主語是后面的名詞,相當于:主語(名詞)+ be + 地點狀語。如:

      There is a restaurant next to the park. 緊挨著公園有個飯店。

      there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句只需把be 動詞提前,回答時根據(jù)主語變化用Yes,there is/ are. 或No, there isn’t/ aren’t. 如:

      —Are there any teachers in the office? 辦公室里有老師嗎?

      —No, there aren’t. 不,沒有。

      由there 引導(dǎo)的這種結(jié)構(gòu),動詞be (is, are)放在主語之前,需與其在單復(fù)數(shù)方面保持一致,主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時用is,若為復(fù)數(shù)時用are。當there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中有兩個或兩個以上主語時,謂語動詞be 應(yīng)與鄰近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致,即“就近原則”。如:

      There is a girl and two boys in the classroom. 教室里有一個女孩和兩個男孩。

      There is some bread and eggs on the table. 桌上有一些面包和幾個雞蛋。

      一般過去時

      句式結(jié)構(gòu)

      (1)be 動詞過去時的句式:

      否定句是在was/ were 后面加not;一般疑問句是把was/ were 提前放到句首。

      (2)實義動詞過去時的句式:

      ①肯定式:主語+動詞過去式+其他

      ②否定式:主語+ did not (didn’t) +動詞原形+其他

      ③一般疑問式:Did +主語+動詞原形+其他?

      ④特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+ did +主語+動詞原形+其他?

      活動環(huán)境

      (1)主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),句中通常有表示過去的時間狀語;

      (2)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,此時常與often, always 等表示頻度的時間狀語連用;

      (3)敘述逝者的情況;

      (4)如果有些情況發(fā)生的時間不是很清楚,但實際上是過去發(fā)生的,也應(yīng)用一般過去時。

      時間狀語

      (1)yesterday 及其構(gòu)成的短語,如:

      yesterday morning 昨天早上

      (2)由“l(fā)ast +時間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語,如:

      last week 上周

      (3)由“介詞+表示過去的時間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語,如:

      in 1990 1990 年

      (4)由“一段時間+ ago”構(gòu)成的短語,如:

      a year ago 一年之前

      (5)其他一些表示過去時間的短語,如:

      just now 剛才

      祈使句

      祈使句常常用來表達命令、請求或者建議。主語you 通常省略,并且謂語動詞用原形。句尾用感嘆號或句號,讀的時候用降調(diào)。

      (1)肯定句式結(jié)構(gòu):

      be 動詞+其他成分。如:

      Be a good boy! 做個好孩子!

      Let +人(或者人稱代詞的賓格) +動詞原形。如:

      Let me have a look. 讓我看一看。

      其他動詞類。如:

      Stand up, please! 請起立!

      (2)否定句式結(jié)構(gòu):

      祈使句的否定句式結(jié)構(gòu)通常是在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)前加Don’t。如:

      Don’t ask me when I’m busy! 別在我忙的時候問我!

      (3)特殊用法:

      即“無動詞祈使句”,常常用于一些表示禁止的標語牌上。如:

      No parking! 禁止停車!

      No smoking! 禁止吸煙!

      No swimming! 禁止游泳!

      (4)加強語氣的祈使句:Do +動詞原形。如:

      Do write to me soon! 一定要快點給我寫信呀!

      Do be careful! 一定要小心點!

      Do study hard! 一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)呀!

      現(xiàn)在進行時

      現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進行的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。由“系動詞be(am, is, are)+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)”構(gòu)成。其中am, is, are 在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語保持一致。

      句式結(jié)構(gòu):

      肯定式:主語+ am/ is/ are + v-ing

      否定式:主語+ am/ is/ are + not + v-ing

      一般疑問式及其回答:

      —Am/ Is/ Are +主語+ v-ing?

      —Yes, 主語+ am/ is/ are.

      —No, 主語+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t.

      特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+ am/ is/ are +主語+ v-ing?

      判定方法院

      (1)現(xiàn)在進行時在多數(shù)情況下是通過now 來判定的。

      (2)以動詞Look! 或Listen! 等開頭的句子,提示我們說話時動作正在進行,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時。

      (3)描述圖片中人物的動作時常用現(xiàn)在進行時,以示生動。

      (4)通過前后的語言環(huán)境、時間等來說明動作發(fā)生的時間,也可由特定的語境來表達。

      訓(xùn)練基地

      Ⅰ. 單項選擇。

      ( )1. Look! The girls ________ cards over there.

      A. play B. playing C. is playing D. are playing

      ( )2. —What are the girls doing?

      —They ________.

      A. are looking English books B. are watching a film

      C. are listening the music D. watching a film

      ( )3. ________ weekend, I ________ an old friend in London.

      A. Last; visited B. Last; visiting

      C. This; visit D. This; am visit

      ( )4. ________ there a bike and two men under the tree?

      A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Has

      ( )5. —________ take off your coat, Kate. It’s cold today.

      —OK.

      A. Don’t B. Can’t C. You’d better D. Please

      ( )6. —________ you in Australia last year?

      —Yes, I ________.

      A. were; was B. were; were C. was; were D. was; was

      ( )7. —How did you ________ the weekend?

      —I helped my mother cook food.

      A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent

      ( )8. We ________ the end-of-year exam yesterday.

      A. have B. had C. are D. are having

      ( )9. —When ________ you ________ the room?

      —Last Monday.

      A. do; clean B. did; clean C. are; cleaning D. does; clean

      ( )10. —________ yesterday?

      —It was rainy.

      A. How was the weather like B. What was the weather

      C. How is the weather D. What was the weather like

      Ⅱ. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空。

      1. I can take Wang Gang there when he ________ (come) to visit.

      2. ________ her brother ________ (like) playing football every day?

      3. It’s nine o’clock. His grandfather ________ (lie) in bed.

      4. He ________ (have) fun in the Palace Museum yesterday.

      5. Many people ________ (run) in the park every Sunday morning.

      6. How ________ (be) the weather last winter?

      7. On weekdays, when ________ you ________ (get) up?

      8. Jim’s cousin James ________ (do) his homework every day. But he ________ (not"do) it yesterday.

      9. Look! The boy ________ (put) on his sweater by himself.

      10. I ________ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.

      11. —________ you ________ (know) the boy over there?

      —Which boy?

      —The boy who is ________ (sit) near the window of the classroom.

      12. I like ________ (read), but I like ________ (go) to the cinema this evening.

      13. Would you like ________ (go) to the park this afternoon?

      14. Don’t ________ (talk) with him. He’s busy.

      15. They ________ (practice) writing at school now.

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