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      黃河之上,萬(wàn)鳥(niǎo)翔集

      2024-12-02 00:00:00飛揚(yáng)
      走向世界 2024年49期

      初冬時(shí)節(jié),蘆葦蕩漾,流水澹澹,鳥(niǎo)鳴啁啾……告別了色彩斑斕的金秋,黃河三角洲國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)迎來(lái)了一年中最為熱鬧的時(shí)節(jié),呈現(xiàn)出一片欣欣向榮的景象。數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的飛鳥(niǎo)陸續(xù)抵達(dá),在這里捕食、棲息、翱翔,它們的到來(lái),為這里注入了新的活力與生機(jī)。

      黃河三角洲國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū),地處渤海之濱,東營(yíng)市境內(nèi),新、老黃河入??趦蓚?cè),是中國(guó)最年輕的陸地。這里不僅是黃河入海之處,更是成千上萬(wàn)候鳥(niǎo)的棲息之所。

      黃河帶來(lái)的大量泥沙,讓保護(hù)區(qū)擁有了世界上最完整的濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。鳥(niǎo)類作為濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵物種,是檢驗(yàn)生態(tài)環(huán)境的“晴雨表”?!皾竦睾貌缓??鳥(niǎo)兒說(shuō)了算?!苯?jīng)過(guò)多年來(lái)的治理保護(hù),保護(hù)區(qū)新增淡水沼澤濕地7.4萬(wàn)畝,總面積超過(guò)30萬(wàn)畝。

      曾經(jīng)白茫茫的鹽堿地變成綠洲,為鳥(niǎo)類繁衍生息提供了多樣棲息地,是國(guó)內(nèi)外專家贊譽(yù)的“鳥(niǎo)類的國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)”。鳥(niǎo)類由建區(qū)之初的187種,增加到了目前的373種,其中有38種水鳥(niǎo)的種群數(shù)量超過(guò)全球總量的1%。根據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè),東方白鸛、黑嘴鷗等關(guān)鍵物種的繁殖數(shù)量呈穩(wěn)定增加趨勢(shì),保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)越來(lái)越多的候鳥(niǎo)變成了“留鳥(niǎo)”。今年6月,世界瀕危動(dòng)物、國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)鳥(niǎo)類、有著“鳥(niǎo)中大熊貓”之稱的黑臉琵鷺也在保護(hù)區(qū)成功孵育出兩只幼鳥(niǎo)寶寶。

      今年7月成功入選世界自然遺產(chǎn)的黃河口候鳥(niǎo)棲息地,就位于保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi),為東亞—澳大利西亞遷飛通道上的候鳥(niǎo)提供了重要棲息地。這條遷徙通道由北極經(jīng)東南亞,一直延伸至大洋洲,縱貫22個(gè)國(guó)家。

      保護(hù)區(qū)不僅是鳥(niǎo)類的天堂,還是其他野生動(dòng)植物的樂(lè)園。獨(dú)特的地理位置和生態(tài)環(huán)境,吸引了各種各樣的生物在此繁衍生息。這里保留8GXteXLAEqJhZnPmiPGFMA==了中國(guó)乃至世界上最具代表性的河口濕地植物帶狀分布格局,同時(shí)也是野大豆、鹽地堿蓬、檉柳等重要物種的天然基因庫(kù)與種質(zhì)資源庫(kù)。每年秋天,恣意生長(zhǎng)的鹽地堿蓬在秋風(fēng)的吹拂下,呈現(xiàn)出濃烈的紅色,仿佛為黃河三角洲濕地鋪上了一層“紅地毯”。此外,消失多年的黃河刀魚(yú)、罕見(jiàn)的江豚、斑海豹等珍稀物種重現(xiàn)黃河口灣區(qū),20種獸類、6種兩棲、512種昆蟲(chóng)等生物物種以水為脈、和平共處,在這片樂(lè)土自由地生活,繁衍生息。

      優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境,良好的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),不斷豐富的生物物種,黃河三角洲國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)已然成為中國(guó)向世界遞出的一張“生態(tài)名片”。眼下,山東正全力推進(jìn)黃河口國(guó)家公園建設(shè),將黃河三角洲國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)以及黃河口海洋生物重要產(chǎn)卵場(chǎng)等區(qū)域納入保護(hù)范圍。黃河口生態(tài)保護(hù)不斷提檔升級(jí),正是中國(guó)生態(tài)文明體制不斷健全完善的生動(dòng)寫(xiě)照。

      編輯/魏偉

      Thousands of Birds Fly Over the Yellow River

      Located on the shore of the Bohai Sea in Dongying, and on both sides of the old and new Yellow River estuary, the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve is China’s youngest land. It is not only the Yellow River estuary, but also a habitat of thousands of migratory birds.

      After years of regulation and protection, the nature reserve has been expanded with 4,933.33 hectares of freshwater marshlands(wetlands), and its total area exceeds 20,000 hectares.

      The number of bird species in the nature reserve has increased from 187 to 373, among which, the population of 38 water bird species accounts for over 1% of the global total. According to monitoring, the breeding number of such keystone species as Oriental White Storks(Ciconia boyciana) and Saunders’Gulls (Larus saundersi) shows a steady increasing trend, and a growing number of migratory birds in the nature reserve have become“resident birds”. In June this year, the Black-Faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor), as one of endangered animals in the world under national first-class protection and “Panda among Birds”, successfully incubated two nestlings in the nature reserve.

      The Yellow River Estuary Migratory Bird Habitat, which was listed as a World Natural Heritage site in July this year, is located in the nature reserve, providing an important habitat for migratory birds on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. This flyway stretches across 22 countries from the North Pole to Oceania by way of Southeast Asia.

      The nature reserve retains China and the world’s most iconic zonal distribution pattern of estuarine wetland plants, and is a natural gene pool and a genetic resource pool of wild soybeans, Suaeda salsa, Tamarix chinensis, and other important species. Long-lost Yellow Rives+4HVin7QIzUPN1kQfAFtA==r Coilia ectenes, rare finless porpoise, harbor seals, and other rare species have reappeared in the Yellow River estuary bay area. 20 species of beasts, six species of amphibians, 512 species of insects and other biological species coexisting peacefully in reliance upon water, live and multiply freely in this paradise.

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