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      新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)(上)Units1-2課文聊天室

      2008-08-26 11:26:08姜經(jīng)志
      中學(xué)英語(yǔ)之友·中 2008年7期
      關(guān)鍵詞:謂語(yǔ)副詞賓語(yǔ)

      姜經(jīng)志

      Unit 1

      Section A

      1. What do you usually do on weekends? 周末你通常做什么?

      on weekends 意為“在周末”、“每逢周末”,屬于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的用法。英國(guó)人則習(xí)慣于使用at weekends或at the weekend。例如:

      They often have a party on/at weekends. 他們經(jīng)常在周末聚會(huì)。

      Sometimes they go to see a film on/at weekends. 有時(shí)他們?cè)谥苣┤タ措娪啊?/p>

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      許多人在周末去購(gòu)物。

      Many people go shopping ____ ____.

      [Key:on/at weekends]

      2. I often go to the movies.

      我經(jīng)常去看電影。

      often 意為“經(jīng)常”,是頻度副詞。常見(jiàn)的頻度副詞還有always, usually, sometimes, hardly, never等。頻度副詞常常位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前,be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及助動(dòng)詞之后。但sometimes的位置較為靈活,可位于句首、句中或句末。例如:

      They are always late for school.

      他們上學(xué)總是遲到。

      The old man can hardly walk.

      那位老人幾乎不能走路。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      托尼有時(shí)騎車去上學(xué)。

      ____ Tony goes to school by bike.

      [Key:Sometimes]

      3. They often go to the movies.

      他們經(jīng)常去看電影。

      How often do you watch TV?

      你(你們)多久看一次電視?

      “看電視”、“看比賽”英語(yǔ)譯為“watch TV”、“watch a match”?!翱措娪啊笨勺g為:see a film; go to a film; go to the films; go to see a film; go and see a film; go to the cinema; go to the movies等。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      我喜歡看電視,不喜歡看電影。

      I like ____ TV and I dont like ____ ____ ____ ____.

      [Key: watching, going to the cinema/going to the movies]

      4. Here are the results of the students activity survey at Green High School. 這是綠色中學(xué)學(xué)生活動(dòng)情況調(diào)查的結(jié)果。

      here, there置于句首且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:

      Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來(lái)了。

      [特別提醒]當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)不倒裝。例如:

      Here you are. 給你。

      Here we are. 我們到了。

      There he is. 他在那兒。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      鈴響了。

      ____ ____ the bell.

      [Key:There goes]

      5. As for homework, most students do homework every day. 談到家庭作業(yè),大多數(shù)學(xué)生每天做。

      as for意為“至于,關(guān)于”。例如:

      We all passed the examination, but as for him, he alone failed.

      我們都及格了,但至于他,只有他一個(gè)人不及格。

      I enjoy going to the movies. But as for the theater, I prefer staying at home. 我喜歡看電影。但至于看戲,我寧愿留在家里。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      我喜歡英語(yǔ),至于數(shù)學(xué),我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡。

      I like English, but ____ ____ math, I dont like it at all.

      [Key:as for]

      Section B

      1. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?

      她的生活方式與你的生活方式是相同還是不同?

      the same as意為“同……一樣”。例如:

      Lin Taos watch is the same as yours. 林濤的手表和你的一樣。

      be the same as 的反義詞組為“be different from…”意為“與……不同”。例如:

      English names are different from Chinese names.

      英語(yǔ)的名字與漢語(yǔ)的名字不同。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      這本詞典與我的一樣。

      This dictionary is ____ ____ ____ mine.

      [Key:the same as]

      2.…but Im pretty healthy. ……但我相當(dāng)健康。

      此處的pretty作副詞,意為“非常,相當(dāng)”,可用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞,表示程度。該句中的“healthy”是形容詞,意為“身體健康的”。例如:

      The movie is pretty good. 那部電影非常好。

      He is pretty old now. 他現(xiàn)在相當(dāng)老了。

      Although my grandmother is 80 years old, she is still healthy.

      我的祖母雖然80歲了,但還是很健康。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      她的英語(yǔ)非常好。

      Her English is ____ good.

      [Key:pretty/very]

      3. I try to eat a lot of vegetables. 我盡量多吃蔬菜。

      try to do sth. 表示“努力去做……,設(shè)法做……”的意思。例如:

      Try to catch up with your classmates. 努力去趕上你的同學(xué)。

      try的后面也可接V-ing形式,表示嘗試著做某事。例如:

      Lets try knocking at the window. 咱們敲窗戶試試。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      我要設(shè)法學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。

      Ill ____ ____ ____ English well.

      [Key:try to learn]

      4. I hardly ever exercise. 我難得進(jìn)行鍛煉。

      hardly作副詞,意為“幾乎不,幾乎沒(méi)有”。表示否定,通常置于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前,be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后。例如:

      We hardly have time to play. 我們幾乎沒(méi)時(shí)間玩耍。

      I can hardly understand them. 我簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法理解他們所說(shuō)的話。

      ever用于否定句中,意為“無(wú)論何時(shí)都不……,至今不曾……”,可與含有否定意味的語(yǔ)句連用。例如:

      We hardly ever eat out. 我們很少在外面吃飯。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      我?guī)缀醪辉谕饷娉燥垺?/p>

      I ____ ____ have dinner outside.

      [Key: hardly ever]

      5. So maybe Im not very healthy, although I do have one healthy habit. 所以盡管我的確有好的健康習(xí)慣,但也許我并不太健康。

      漢語(yǔ)的“雖然……但是……”譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí),用了though/although就不可再用but;同樣,用了but, 就不可再用though/although。例如:

      雖然天很晚了,但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。

      誤:Though it was late, but they still went on working.

      正:Though it was late, they still went on working.

      正:It was late, but they still went on working.

      [練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

      It was very hot, but the football match still went on.

      ____ it was very hot, the football match still went on.

      [Key: Although/Though]

      6. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.

      大量的蔬菜幫助你保持健康。

      此處的keep作動(dòng)詞,意為“保持(某種狀態(tài))”,其后常跟形容詞,副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。本句中的“in good health”就是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),表示“身體處于健康狀態(tài)”。例如:

      He keeps in the shade because it is very hot.

      他一直呆在陰涼的地方,因?yàn)樘鞖馓珶帷?/p>

      Keep along this road. 沿著這條路走。

      [練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

      他們必須把手放在背后。

      They must ____ their hands ____ their backs.

      [Key:keep, behind]

      Unit 2

      Section A

      1. Whats the matter? 怎么了?

      這是醫(yī)生問(wèn)診時(shí)的常用語(yǔ),可以單獨(dú)使用,也可與with連用?!癢hats the matter with…”表示“……怎么啦?”。它也可用來(lái)表示“某物怎么了”。類似的說(shuō)法還有:Whats wrong with…?/Whats…trouble? 例如:

      Whats the matter with you? (=Whats your trouble?) 你怎么了?

      Whats wrong with your computer? 你的電腦怎么了?

      [練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

      Whats wrong with her bike?

      Whats ____ ____ with her bike?

      [Key:the matter]

      2. I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。

      have 后面接表示疾病的名詞,指“生……病”、“患……病”,口語(yǔ)中常用have got代替have。例如:

      ——Whats the matter, David? 怎么啦,大衛(wèi)?

      ——Im having a toothache. 我牙疼。

      [特別提醒] ache和sore是兩個(gè)與疼痛有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ),常與表示身體具體部位的名詞構(gòu)成合成詞或短語(yǔ),表示某一部位的疼痛。ache位于名詞后面,sore位于名詞前面。例如:

      headache頭痛;stomachache 胃疼;

      backache背疼;toothache 牙疼;

      earache 耳朵疼;sore throat 喉嚨疼;

      sore foot 腳疼;sore knee 膝蓋疼

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      丹尼沒(méi)來(lái)上課,因?yàn)樗^疼得厲害。

      Danny is not here for class because he ____ a bad ____.

      [Key:has, headache]

      3. I think so. 我認(rèn)為是這樣。

      so置于think, hope, call, believe(相信), expect(期望), suppose(猜想) 等動(dòng)詞或be afraid后面,替代其后含肯定意義的賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:

      ——Can I pass this examination? 我能通過(guò)這次考試嗎?

      ——Im afraid so. 恐怕能通過(guò)。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      “今天下午天會(huì)下雨?!?/p>

      “我想是這樣?!?/p>

      ——Its going to rain this afternoon.

      ——____ ____ ____.

      [Key:I think so]

      4. You should lie down and rest. 你應(yīng)該躺下休息。

      should意為“應(yīng)該”,后面接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:

      We should help each other and learn from each other.

      我們應(yīng)該互相幫助,互相學(xué)習(xí)。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      這藥你應(yīng)該一天吃三次。

      You ____ ____ this medicine three times a day.

      [Key:should take]

      Section B

      1. Eating Danshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃丹參和黃芪對(duì)此也有益處。

      動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:

      Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

      電視看得太多對(duì)你的眼睛有害。

      Eating one apple a day is good for your health.

      每天吃一個(gè)蘋果對(duì)你的身體有益。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      晚飯后散步對(duì)你的身體有好處。

      Taking a walk after supper ____ ____ ____ your health.

      [Key:is good for]

      2. Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet.

      保持有利于健康的生活方式不難,平衡飲食也很重要。

      本句中的兩個(gè)it都是形式主語(yǔ),兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))是真正的主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)短語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng),為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡,常常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將作真正主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)放在句末。例如:

      To learn English well is not easy. (=It is not easy to learn English well.) 學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易。

      [練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

      To do morning exercises is very important.

      ____ ____ ____ to do morning exercises.

      [Key:Its very important]

      3. I study late every night, sometimes until 2 a.m., but I dont think Im improving.

      每天晚上我都學(xué)到很晚,有時(shí)候直到凌晨2點(diǎn),可是我覺(jué)得還是沒(méi)有提高。

      “I think”后面跟含否定意義的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常將語(yǔ)義上屬于從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上。believe, suppose, imagine 等動(dòng)詞后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),也有類似的用法,要注意這類句子的漢譯。例如:

      I dont think its a good idea. 我認(rèn)為這不是個(gè)好主意。

      Excuse me, but I dont think you are right. 對(duì)不起,我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。

      until 意為“直到……之時(shí)”,在否定句中表示“直到……才……”。例如:

      I didnt go to bed until ten oclock last night. 昨晚我直到十點(diǎn)才睡。

      [練習(xí)]完成句子。

      1) 我認(rèn)為他不能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

      I ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ this question.

      2) 昨天下午她直到做完作業(yè)才離開(kāi)教室。

      Yesterday afternoon she ____ ____ the classroom ____ she finished her homework.

      [Key:1)dont think he can answer 2)didnt leave, until]

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