尹 軍,吳曉燕 (吉林建筑工程學(xué)院,水污染控制與資源化利用吉林省重點實驗室,吉林 長春 130021)
污水回用系統(tǒng)水質(zhì)模型探討
尹 軍*,吳曉燕 (吉林建筑工程學(xué)院,水污染控制與資源化利用吉林省重點實驗室,吉林 長春 130021)
在分別對部分污水回用系統(tǒng)和全部污水回用系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)條件下的理論分析基礎(chǔ)上,建立了相應(yīng)水質(zhì)數(shù)學(xué)模型,據(jù)此推論出當(dāng)污水處理設(shè)施去除率E一定時處理水質(zhì)與循環(huán)次數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系,證明了在回用狀態(tài)下E與其他各項參數(shù)的相互關(guān)系,進(jìn)而求得了無限循環(huán)處理時的處理水質(zhì)表達(dá)式,并對水質(zhì)模型各相關(guān)參數(shù)特性進(jìn)行了分析討論.
污水回用系統(tǒng);去除率;水質(zhì)
Abstract:When the removal efficiency(E) was fixed in sewage treatment facilities, the mathematic relations between water quality and cycle index were calculated based upon the theoretical analysis to partial treated wastewater reuse system and all treated wastewater reuse system under their stable state. Water quality was related to every parameter in those imitated system, and the expression of the water quality at endless loop was gained too, the end part was the analysis for the changing parameter.
Key words:wastewater reuse system;removal efficiency;water quality
近年來,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的提高,污水回用系統(tǒng)在很多地區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用[1].如何更好地回收和利用被稱為“城市第二水源”的城市污水,已成為廣大環(huán)境工作者關(guān)注的熱點問題[2].
對于污水回用系統(tǒng),無論采用何種技術(shù)方法,一般都需要對使用后的污水進(jìn)行循環(huán)處理[3-4],分析探討這一過程的水質(zhì)變化[4-5],對于進(jìn)一步提高污水回用方面的理論研究和技術(shù)水平有重要的現(xiàn)實意義.
污水回用系統(tǒng)通常分為部分回用和全部回用兩種情況[6],部分回用系統(tǒng)的基本流程如圖1所示.
根據(jù)該物料平衡關(guān)系圖,當(dāng)整個污水回用系統(tǒng)處于穩(wěn)定運行狀態(tài)時,Q、M、N和K均為常數(shù).此時,如污水處理設(shè)施對某種污染物質(zhì)的去除率E為常數(shù),則回用水的某種污染物濃度將只隨循環(huán)處理次數(shù)發(fā)生變化.
圖1 部分回用系統(tǒng)基本流程Fig.1 The schema chart of the partial treated wastewater reuse system
污水全部回用系統(tǒng)基本處理流程,如圖2所示.
圖2 全部回用系統(tǒng)基本流程Fig.2 The schema chart of the all treated wastewater reuse system
設(shè)圖與式中的各符號含義與部分回用系統(tǒng)相同,根據(jù)該物料平衡關(guān)系圖,在整個污水回用
系統(tǒng)處于穩(wěn)定運行條件下,
.由此可知,在該情況下n次循環(huán)后的出水污染物濃度將比循環(huán)處理次數(shù)為1時的回用水污染物濃度C1大(圖3).
圖3 當(dāng)MN≤,E為定值時,n次循環(huán)出水水質(zhì)隨K值變化Fig.3 The effluent quality with changing K after endless loop at MN≤and E fixed
② 若M>N,Cn′的大小不定,由于存在Cn′=0的點(最小值點),此時可得N=ME;將其代入Cn后得Cn=M(1?E)=C1,說明在這種條件下, 經(jīng)過n次循環(huán)后的出水污染物濃度變化為先降后, 但也始終比循環(huán)處理次數(shù)為1時的回用水污染物濃度C1大(圖4);
圖4 當(dāng)M>N,E為定值時,n次循環(huán)出水水質(zhì)隨K值變化Fig.4 The effluent quality with changing K after endless loop at M>N and E fixed
圖5 當(dāng)M>N,K為定值時,n次循環(huán)出水水質(zhì)隨E值變化Fig.5 The effluent quality with changing E after endless loop at M>N and K fixed
圖6 當(dāng)MN≤,K為定值時,n次循環(huán)出水水質(zhì)隨E值變化Fig.6 The effluent quality with changing E after endless loop at M≤N and K fixed
圖7 當(dāng)M>N, E為定值時,CnC1隨K值變化Fig.7 TheCnC1with changing K after endless loop at M>N and E fixed
圖8 當(dāng)N>M,E為定值時,CnC1隨K值變化Fig.8 TheCnC1with changing K after endless loop at M>N and E fixed
圖9 當(dāng)K為定值,CnC1隨E值變化Fig.9 TheCnC1with changing E after endless loop at K fixed
4.1理論分析表明,污水回用一般都會使系統(tǒng)的出水污染物濃度增加,但當(dāng)回用水后所增加的污染物濃度小于來自污水回用系統(tǒng)之外的污染物濃度,且循環(huán)比為一定時,通過提高去除率,可使出水水質(zhì)保持不變或者更好.
4.2當(dāng)NME=,且回用水所增加的污染物濃度小于來自污水回用系統(tǒng)之外的污染物濃度時,無論循環(huán)比為多少,理論上n次循環(huán)后出水的水質(zhì)都與第一次循環(huán)時相同.
4.3理論分析表明,降低污染物的排放量,對污水的處理和循環(huán)利用都將產(chǎn)生較大影響.
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Study on the water quality model in wastewater reuse system.
YIN Jun*, WU Xiao-yan (Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Jilin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Changchun 130021, China). China Environmental Science, 2010,30(5):639~643
X703
A
1000-6923(2010)05-0639-05
尹 軍(1954-),男,吉林省吉林市人,教授,主要從事水污染控制與水質(zhì)安全保障技術(shù)研究.發(fā)表論文200余篇.
2009-10-05
國家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項(2008ZX07207-005-05)
* 責(zé)任作者, 教授, hitjunyin@163.com