趙駿,林強,劉琳,向理科,鄒建中,白晉
(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程系,省部共建超聲醫(yī)學(xué)工程國家重點實驗室,重慶400016)
聚焦超聲輻照兔左側(cè)足三里穴后雙耳痛耐受閾的變化研究
趙駿,林強,劉琳,向理科,鄒建中,白晉
(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程系,省部共建超聲醫(yī)學(xué)工程國家重點實驗室,重慶400016)
目的通過觀察聚焦超聲輻照兔左側(cè)足三里穴后雙耳痛耐受閾變化,探討聚焦超聲輻照足三里穴鎮(zhèn)痛的可行性。方法30只健康新西蘭兔隨機平均分為A、B2組。A組左側(cè)足三里穴以2W聚焦超聲輻照5min,B組同部位以無超聲輸出的假照5min。輻照前測雙耳外側(cè)近耳緣靜脈處固定點痛耐受閾。輻照后1至16min16個時間點,奇數(shù)時間點測右耳痛耐受閾,偶數(shù)時間點測左耳痛耐受閾,測量處同輻照前。于雙側(cè)足三里穴區(qū)取皮膚、肌肉組織進(jìn)行HE染色觀察。結(jié)果 A組輻照后,1min至11min 6個時間點右耳痛耐受閾有顯著提高(P<0.05),13min、15min痛耐受閾無明顯變化(P>0.05),2min至12min 6個時間點左耳痛耐受閾有顯著提高(P<0.05),14min、16min 痛耐受閾無顯著變化(P>0.05);輻照后 1min、3min、5min、7min A組右耳痛耐受閾較B組有顯著提高(P<0.05),4min、6min、8min A組左耳痛耐受閾較B組有顯著提高(P<0.05);B組輻照后雙耳痛耐受閾無顯著變化(P>0.05)。A組輻照后有精神不振現(xiàn)象,B組無此現(xiàn)象。輻照處及假照處穴區(qū)皮膚、肌肉組織較正常組織無明顯變化。結(jié)論 聚焦超聲輻照兔左側(cè)足三里穴可提高雙耳痛耐受閾并維持一段時間,提示應(yīng)用聚焦超聲輻照穴位有鎮(zhèn)痛效果且安全。
聚焦超聲;痛耐受閾;足三里
針刺療法是一種行之有效的疼痛治療手段[1,2],根據(jù)針刺穴位鎮(zhèn)痛的原理和方法,運用超聲波的聲能、熱能為刺激手段,將類似于針形的聚焦超聲波輻照于穴位后是否具有鎮(zhèn)痛效果,本實驗通過兔雙耳痛耐受閾的變化來初步探討聚焦超聲鎮(zhèn)痛的有效性。根據(jù)足三里穴具有較強的鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng),選取該穴為實驗用穴[3]。通過觀察穴區(qū)組織切片檢查穴區(qū)組織有無損傷來證明聚焦超聲鎮(zhèn)痛是否安全。
動物:選用成年健康新西蘭大白兔30只,雌雄不限,體質(zhì)量2.0~2.8kg(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)動物實驗中心提供)。將30只兔隨機分為A組和B組,每組15只。
超聲關(guān)節(jié)炎治療儀由超聲醫(yī)療國家工程研究中心研制(治療頭輸出總功率4W,頻率1MHz,焦距18~25mm),分為8擋,每增加一檔治療頭輸出功率增加0.5W,用于穴區(qū)輻照。痛耐受閾測量用Electronic von Frey(電子 VonFrey測痛儀/2391)由美國IITC公司研制。
1.2.1 痛耐受閾測量:用固定器將兔俯臥固定。在兔雙耳背側(cè)中上部(雙耳平齊)耳緣靜脈內(nèi)10mm距耳尖15mm處標(biāo)記測定點,用一光滑木板平行貼靠于耳腹面。Electronic von Frey調(diào)零,將其單纖絲垂直于木板平面壓于測定點,逐漸增加壓力,直致掙脫,記錄電子顯示屏的數(shù)字即為痛耐受閾,讀數(shù)單位為克。
1.2.2 A組實驗過程:(1)輻照前雙側(cè)足三里區(qū)域(腓骨頭下1.2cm,脛骨嵴后1cm)脫毛。(2)測雙耳痛耐受閾并記錄。(3)將兔俯臥固定于固定器中,左側(cè)足三里區(qū)域消毒,超聲關(guān)節(jié)治療儀治療頭涂以超聲耦合劑,治療頭中心對準(zhǔn)足三里穴區(qū)與皮膚固定接觸,以2W功率輻照5min。(4)輻照后1min、3min…15min 測右耳痛耐受閾,2min、4min…16min測左耳痛耐受閾。(5)耳緣靜脈注射空氣法將兔處死,雙側(cè)足三里穴區(qū)(聲通道范圍內(nèi))取體積約為5mm×5mm×10mm組織塊標(biāo)本,采用蘇木精—伊紅(HE)染色,在光鏡下觀察組織學(xué)變化。
1.2.3 B組實驗過程:第(3)步治療頭為無超聲輸出的假照處理,其他步驟與A組實驗過程相同。
表1各時間點右耳痛耐受閾的變化Ta b.1Ch a n g e o f r i g h t e a r s’p a i n t o l e r a n c e t h r e s h o l d s a t e a c h t i me p o i n t Pain tolerance thresholds(g)at each time point(0min means before irradiation)0min 1min 3min 5min 7min 9min 11min 13min 15min A 15 45.29±6.17 83.75±33.431,4) 90.36±39.681,4) 95.81±49.811,4) 87.54±33.611,4) 72.11±26.241) 58.77±18.551) 51.21±8.982) 47.47±7.312)B 15 44.61±5.36 46.27±6.713) 45.50±6.633) 43.07±5.963) 42.46±5.953) 43.78±6.233) 44.37±5.953) 44.05±5.673) 43.57±5.013)Group n 1)P<0.05vs Group A,0min;2)P>0.05vs Group A,0min;3)P>0.05vs Group B,0min;4)P<0.05vs Group B,1min,3min,5min,7min.
表2各時間點左耳痛耐受閾的變化Ta b.2Ch a n g e o f l e f t e a r s’p a i n t o l e r a n c e t h r e s h o l d s a t e a c h t i me p o i n t Pain tolerance thresholds(g)at each time point(0min means before irradiation)0min 1min 3min 5min 7min 9min 11min 13min 15min A 15 44.66±5.78 80.39±29.981) 88.26±41.011),4) 94.57±51.851),4) 90.70±39.651),4) 71.93±30.121) 57.50±14.74 50.11±9.692) 45.29±6.322)B 15 44.59±5.00 44.49±6.523) 44.89±5.933),4) 44.04±5.013),4) 42.91±6.573),4) 42.00±5.473) 44.01±5.15 43.69±5.953) 42.78±5.303)Group n 1)P<0.05vs Group A,0min;2)P>0.05vs Group A,0min;3)P>0.05vs Group B,0min;4)P<0.05vs Group B,4min,6min,8min.
A組輻照后1min、3min…11min右耳痛耐受閾較輻照前有顯著提高(P<0.05),13min、15min痛耐受閾較輻照前無明顯變化(P>0.05),輻照后2 min、4min…12min左耳痛耐受閾較輻照前有顯著提高(P<0.05),14min、16min痛耐受閾較輻照前無顯著變化(P>0.05);B組輻照后各時間點雙耳痛耐受閾較輻照前均無明顯變化(P>0.05);輻照后1min、3min、5min和7min A組右耳痛耐受閾較B組相應(yīng)時間點有顯著提高(P<0.05),4min、6min、8min A組左耳痛耐受閾較B組相應(yīng)時間點有顯著提高(P<0.05)。(表 1、表 2)
輻照前兔動作靈活,雙眼明亮有神。輻照后不愛動,喜趴臥,精神不振,假照后無明顯精神不振現(xiàn)象。
光鏡下皮膚結(jié)構(gòu)完整、清晰,被覆上皮和腺上皮連接緊密,腺體結(jié)構(gòu)完整,細(xì)胞核染色清晰,細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)完整;無凝固性壞死灶,無氣泡,輻照后穴區(qū)和假照后穴區(qū)及對測正常穴區(qū)皮膚組織比較無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(圖 1)。
肌纖維邊界清晰,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,排列整齊,細(xì)胞核染色清晰;無凝固性壞死灶,無氣泡,輻照后和假照后穴區(qū)及對測正常穴區(qū)肌肉組織比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(圖 2)。
針刺穴位有顯著的鎮(zhèn)痛效果,超聲關(guān)節(jié)治療儀發(fā)射的類似針形聚焦超聲波能夠刺激到兔足三里穴。電子Von frey測痛儀在痛閾測量中廣泛應(yīng)用,Sun等[4]在研究中用該設(shè)備運用鼠縮足反應(yīng)來測試鼠的痛覺過敏,本實驗運用類似的機械加壓原理測量兔雙耳的痛耐受閾,且單次測量均能在1min內(nèi)完成。
實驗結(jié)果顯示,2W,5min的聚焦超聲劑量下(臨床實驗中人的得氣劑量)輻照兔左側(cè)足三里穴后,兔雙耳痛耐受閾顯著提高,持續(xù)12min左右并且在6min左右出現(xiàn)峰值。組織切片觀察表明聲通道區(qū)域皮膚肌肉組織無凝固性壞死,無氣泡(不會產(chǎn)生空化效應(yīng))。針刺后能使皮膚痛閾、耐痛閾不同程度提高[5],實驗結(jié)果說明聚焦超聲也有類似效果。針刺穴位鎮(zhèn)痛目前比較一致的看法是通過神經(jīng)、體液機制的調(diào)控來實現(xiàn)[6]。比如鎮(zhèn)痛物質(zhì)阿片肽類物質(zhì)的釋放,最早認(rèn)識到阿片肽的功能是其顯著的鎮(zhèn)痛功能[7]。輻照后兔精神不振,是否聚焦超聲輻照穴位也能產(chǎn)生類似針刺的麻醉作用,是否其鎮(zhèn)痛機制類似于針刺鎮(zhèn)痛及最佳鎮(zhèn)痛劑量都有待進(jìn)一步研究。聚焦超聲治療技術(shù)是一種無創(chuàng)、新型技術(shù),能夠避免治療過程中感染、暈針和出血等不良反應(yīng)的出現(xiàn)。
綜上所述,2W,5min劑量下的聚焦超聲輻照兔左側(cè)足三里穴能使其雙耳痛耐受閾提高并維持一段時間,有效且安全。
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(編輯 孫憲民,英文編輯 劉寶林)
AStudy of Change of Pain Tolerance Thresholds of Bilateral Ears of Rabbit After Irradiation in Left Zusanli by Focused Ultrasound
ZHAOJun,LINQiang,LIULin,XIANGLi-ke,ZOUJian-zhong,BAIJin
(Department of Biomedical Engineering,Chongqing Medical University,State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology,Chongqing 400016,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of focused ultrasound for analgesia by observing the change of pain tolerance thresholds of bilateral ears of each rabbit after a single irradiation by focused ultrasound in“Zusanli”(ST36).MethodsThirty healthy Zelanian rabbits irrespective of gender were selected and randomized divided into 2groups (n=15).The left“Zusanli”(ST36)of each rabbit of group Awas irradiated for 5minutes by focused ultrasound with the power of 2watts.The left“Zusanli”(ST36)of each rabbit of group Bwas irradiated for 5minutes without output of focused ultrasound.Pain tolerance threshold of fixed point near the edge of ear vein of each rabbit was measured before irradiation.Taking 16time points after irradiation from the 1st min to the 16th min,pain tolerance threshold of right ear of each rabbit was measured at the odd time points,and the left’s of each rabbit was measured at the even time points.Tissues of skins and muscles of bilateral“Zusanli”(ST36)were taken,biopsy was performed with HEdyeing.ResultsPain tolerance thresholds of right ears of rabbits of group Awere enhanced observably in the 1st min to the 11th minute after irradiation (P<0.05),and in the 13th min and 15th min they were not different from those of before irradiation (P>0.05).The lefts’were enhanced observably in the 2nd min to the 12th minute after irradiation (P<0.05),and in the 13th min and 15th min they were no different from those of before irradiation (P>0.05).Pain tolerance thresholds of right ears of rabbits of group Awere enhanced observably than those of group Bafter irradiation in the 1st min,3rd min,5th min and 7th min(P<0.05).The lefts’of rabbits of group Awere enhanced observably than those of group Bafter irradiation in the 4th min,6th min,and 8th min(P<0.05).Pain tolerance thresholds of bilateral ears of rabbits of group Bwere not changed obviously after irradiation(P>0.05).Rabbits of group Awere in low spirits after irradiation,while group B’s were not.Tissues of skins and muscles of bilateral“Zusanli”(ST36)were showed normal.ConclusionPain tolerance thresholds of two ears of rabbits are significantly enhanced within a time after irradiating left“Zusanli”(ST36)by focused ultrasound.It prompts that focused ultrasound have analgesic effect,and it’s safe.
focused ultrasound;pain tolerance threshold;zusanli(ST36)
R332
A
0258-4646(2011)05-0390-04
doiCNKI:21-1227/R.20110523.1815.023
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1227.R.20110523.1815.023.html
國家中醫(yī)藥管理局資助項目(2007ZX01-2)
趙駿(1984-),男,助教,碩士.
白晉,E-mail:sajinbai@haifu.com.cn
2010-11-15
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時間:2011-05-1815:25