徐 斌,王敏杰,盧玉斌,薛 松,李光明
(1.西南科技大學(xué)制造過程測試技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川綿陽621010,E-mail:haroldexu@163.com; 2.大連理工大學(xué)精密與特種加工教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,遼寧大連116024)
抽真空對(duì)微型塑件成型質(zhì)量影響
徐 斌1,王敏杰2,盧玉斌1,薛 松1,李光明1
(1.西南科技大學(xué)制造過程測試技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川綿陽621010,E-mail:haroldexu@163.com; 2.大連理工大學(xué)精密與特種加工教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,遼寧大連116024)
針對(duì)微注塑成型過程中排氣對(duì)塑件成型質(zhì)量的影響,以細(xì)胞皿為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)了帶有抽真空裝置的微注塑模具,通過測試,真空度達(dá)到-0.098 MPa.分別以聚丙烯(PP)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)進(jìn)行成型工藝試驗(yàn),當(dāng)模具型腔未開設(shè)排氣裝置時(shí),塑件流動(dòng)前沿嚴(yán)重?zé)?,?yán)重影響了塑件質(zhì)量.當(dāng)有排氣槽未抽真空時(shí),在塑件的表面形成了微孔和暗紋;當(dāng)抽真空時(shí),塑件表面較光順,成型質(zhì)量較好.可見微型腔加工精度較高,熔體充模流動(dòng)時(shí)氣體不易排出,對(duì)熔體充填流動(dòng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響,采用抽真空工藝對(duì)提高微塑件的成型質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要.
微注塑成型;細(xì)胞皿;抽真空;成型工藝
微注塑成型是微成型領(lǐng)域中高效、高一致性的成型微小精密制件的加工方法之一[1-2].隨著微納米科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,微型化和精密化已經(jīng)成為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)的趨勢,微注塑成型塑件特征尺寸越來越微小.成型過程中影響微型塑件成型質(zhì)量的因素較多,包括由于微尺度效應(yīng)引發(fā)的粘性耗散、流變特性、壁面滑移以及成型工藝參數(shù)等[3-17].
微注塑與傳統(tǒng)注塑的區(qū)別之一在于微模具分型面加工尺寸精度較高,合模后分型面排氣困難,型腔也多采用整體式結(jié)構(gòu),致使型腔內(nèi)的氣體無法有效排出,可能造成塑件欠注或燒焦等質(zhì)量缺陷,因此,微注塑模具需要解決排氣問題.Gornik等[18]在研制臨床醫(yī)學(xué)用的微滴度盤時(shí)采用該方法并成功注塑成型出塑件.Liou等[19]對(duì)高深寬比的亞微米結(jié)構(gòu)型腔連續(xù)不斷地排氣,型腔中的真空度可達(dá)到1 mbar,并成型出陣列結(jié)構(gòu)塑件.盧振等[20]在研究盲孔微成型時(shí)指出,抽真空后塑件質(zhì)量明顯好于不抽真空.但在研究帶有排氣結(jié)構(gòu)的微型腔的注射成形時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)注射前無論模具有沒有抽真空,通過調(diào)整注射壓力和模具溫度都可保證微型腔得到完好的填充.綜上所述,目前許多學(xué)者在研究微塑件成型質(zhì)量影響因素時(shí),指出模具設(shè)計(jì)需要抽真空,但關(guān)于抽真空對(duì)微塑件成型質(zhì)量影響規(guī)律沒有形成一致觀點(diǎn),且缺少系統(tǒng)的研究.本文以細(xì)胞皿微塑件為研究對(duì)象,系統(tǒng)研究了抽真空對(duì)微塑件成型質(zhì)量的影響規(guī)律.
細(xì)胞皿整體尺寸為1000 μm×1000 μm× 350 μm,陣列9個(gè)長寬高為200 μm×200 μm× 250 μm的微腔,壁厚為100 μm,結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示.
圖1 細(xì)胞皿結(jié)構(gòu)圖(單位:微米)
本文所設(shè)計(jì)的模具為一模兩腔,抽真空方案為在鑲塊模腔的兩側(cè)開引氣道,如圖2所示.在定模板上加工有氣孔,一端與引氣槽相連,一端與定模板的真空通道相連.此外在澆口套、頂桿、拉料桿、傳感器、分型面處采用耐高溫硅膠密封圈密封,結(jié)構(gòu)如圖3所示.當(dāng)注塑機(jī)的噴嘴頂在主流道入口處時(shí),主流道、分流道、模腔之間形成一個(gè)密閉的空間.鑲塊表面通過研磨平板磨平,采用千分表測量表面平面度為3 μm.
微型模腔加工質(zhì)量的好壞關(guān)系到塑件成型質(zhì)量、排氣問題.熔體在注射充模流動(dòng)時(shí),由于模具溫度較高,為了保證熔體不流入氣槽,考慮到熔體的最小溢料間隙,引氣槽深設(shè)計(jì)為10 μm,槽寬為200 μm,槽的長度為500 μm.鑲塊的材料為P20型號(hào)模具鋼,微型腔、澆口和引氣槽由大連理工大學(xué)精密與特種加工教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自行研制的微細(xì)電火花銑削機(jī)床加工而成,如圖4所示.用Newview 5022型ZYGO表面輪廓儀測量了模腔方塊頂面粗糙度,Ra為0.273 μm.
圖2 模具鑲塊示意圖
圖3 模具抽真空結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
圖4 模腔SEM照片
根據(jù)上述抽真空系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),按圖5裝配完畢后進(jìn)行抽真空性能測試.真空泵用上海南光真空泵廠生產(chǎn)的直聯(lián)旋片式2XZ-1型,抽氣速率為1 L/s,極限真空度可達(dá)6×10-2Pa.將注塑機(jī)噴嘴前移至澆口套入口處,進(jìn)行抽真空系統(tǒng)的檢測.采用秒表記錄不同真空度的時(shí)刻,其性能如圖6所示.結(jié)果表明在 1.79 s真空度能達(dá)到-0.098 MPa(0.002 MPa).
圖5 模具抽真空原理圖
圖6 型腔真空度(p)與抽真空時(shí)間(t)關(guān)系曲線
為了研究抽真空對(duì)塑件成型質(zhì)量的影響,進(jìn)行了無排氣槽及無抽真空、有排氣槽及無抽真空和有排氣槽并抽真空3種方案的實(shí)驗(yàn).實(shí)驗(yàn)前,采用酒精對(duì)微型腔擦洗3遍,然后再用丙酮溶液進(jìn)行清洗,以防止灰塵或塑料小顆粒留在膜腔內(nèi),影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果.對(duì)于同一材料,每一方案進(jìn)行5組實(shí)驗(yàn).微注塑機(jī)選用德國BOY公司生產(chǎn)的BOY12A型,最大注射速度為240 mm/s.
實(shí)驗(yàn)中選用2種聚合物材料,分別為燕山石化公司生產(chǎn)的K7726型聚丙烯(PP),盤錦石化公司生產(chǎn)的5070型高密度聚乙烯(HDPE).經(jīng)烘箱干燥后進(jìn)行工藝實(shí)驗(yàn),通過正交試驗(yàn)后,工藝參數(shù)如表1所示,其中注射速度取實(shí)際注射速度與最大注射速度的比值.
表1 工藝條件
4.2.1 無排氣槽及無抽真空
從圖7可以看出,由于流道和型腔中的氣體不能有效及時(shí)排出,在熔體的流動(dòng)前端形成高溫高壓氣體,導(dǎo)致熔體燒焦,造成短射,嚴(yán)重影響塑件的成型質(zhì)量.
圖7 燒焦
4.2.2 有排氣槽及無抽真空
從圖8可以看出,由于型腔中的氣體阻滯熔體的流動(dòng),冷卻收縮后在塑件的表面易形成微孔和暗紋,對(duì)塑件的表面成型質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生影響.
圖8 微孔和暗紋
4.2.3 有排氣槽并抽真空
圖9 充填完整
從圖9可以看出,由于型腔中氣體有效排出,熔體流動(dòng)前沿阻力較小,使塑件表面較光順,成型質(zhì)量較好.
1)設(shè)計(jì)了1種微注塑模具型腔真空度對(duì)塑件成型影響實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,通過真空測試,真空度達(dá)到-0.098 MPa.
2)型腔中的氣體對(duì)熔體充填流動(dòng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響,從而影響塑件的質(zhì)量.不抽真空,塑件表面會(huì)產(chǎn)生燒焦、微孔和暗紋,抽真空后,塑件質(zhì)量較好,采用抽真空工藝對(duì)提高微塑件的成型質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要.
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Impact of vacuum on the quality of micro injection parts
XU Bin1,WANG Min-jie2,LU Yu-bin1,XUE Song1,LI Guang-ming1
(1.Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process,(Southwest University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Eduction,Mianyang 621010,China,E-ail:haroldexu@163.com;2.Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)
A cell container mold with vacuum system is designed to investigate the impact of vacuum on the quality of parts during micro injection molding.The vacuum degree of mold can be to-0.098 MPa.The molding process is carried out respectively with polypropylene(PP)and high density polyethylene(HDPE).If there is no exhausting unit,the flow frontier of polymer melt is scorched seriously and the quality of parts is influenced severely.If the exhaust grooves are machined but no vacuumed,there are microporous and shadow weave around the surface of plastics.However,when vacuumed,the satisfactory molding quality of parts can be obtained.It is obvious that the air in mold cavity is difficult to be exhausted,so that vacuuming is very significant to improve the molding quality of products.
micro injection molding;cell container;vacuum;molding process
TG76;TQ320 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1005-0299(2011)04-0020-04
2010-12-14.
"十一五"國家科技支撐計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)資助項(xiàng)目(2006BAF04B13);校 博 士 基 金 資 助 項(xiàng) 目(10zx7143).
徐 斌(1975-),男,博士,講師.
(編輯 呂雪梅)