山東省臨清市 于小燕 供稿
在復(fù)合句中作定語、修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫作先行詞;引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,包括關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(whom,whose)和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。弄清楚什么是先行詞以及關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,是解題的關(guān)鍵。
關(guān)系代詞that既可指人也可指物,可以代替who,whom和which。that在定語從句中可作主語或謂語動詞的賓語,還可作表語。作賓語、表語時可省略。例如:
1.Do you like music_______makes you relaxed?
A.it B.whatC.who D.that
【解析】先行詞music指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,關(guān)系代詞要用that,選D。
2.—The village_______I visited last year has changed a lot.
—Really?I hope to go there one day.A.that B.who C.when
【解析】先行詞the village指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作visited的賓語,所以關(guān)系代詞用that,選A。
3.My father is no longer the man that he was.
我的爸爸已經(jīng)不是過去的樣子了。
【解析】關(guān)系詞that在從句中作表語。
關(guān)系代詞which指物,在定語從句中可作主語或謂語動詞的賓語,作賓語時常可省略。例如:
1.This is my beautiful school_______is near the famous library.
A.where B.which C.who D.when
【解析】先行詞school指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語,因此關(guān)系代詞用which,選 B。
2.—Have you found the information about the famous people_______you can use for the report?
—Not yet.I’ll search some on the Internet.
A.who B.whatC.whom D.which
【解析】the information about the famous people意思是“關(guān)于著名人物的信息”,先行詞information指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作use的賓語,因此用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句,選D。
3.—What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the pen_______I bought yesterday.
A.who B.which C.whose
【解析】先行詞the pen指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語,因此該空要用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句,選B。
【溫馨提示】
先行詞指物且在定語從句中作主語或賓語時,通常情況下,關(guān)系詞既可用that,也可用which。但在下列情況下,先行詞指物時,只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo)。
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞everything,anything,nothing等或被某些不定代詞修飾時;
(2)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時;
(3)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞的最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時;
(4)當(dāng)主句以there be開頭時;
(5)當(dāng)先行詞前面有 the very,the only,the same等修飾語時。
1.There are lots of things_______I need to prepare before the trip.
A.who B.that
C.whom D.whose
【解析】先行詞things指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語,只能用that,選B。
2.I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places_______you can visit during the winter holidays.
A.where B.which
C.what D.that
【解析】先行詞places被形容詞最高級the most interesting修飾,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語,因此該空只能選用關(guān)系代詞that,選 D。
關(guān)系代詞who指人,在從句中作主語;whom指人,在從句中作賓語,可以省略;先行詞在從句中作賓語時,whom可用who代替,如果關(guān)系詞whom緊跟在介詞后,只能用whom;whose既可指人,也可指物,在從句中作定語。例如:
1.Do you know the girl_______is singing in the classroom?
A.who B.which C.when
【解析】句意為:你認(rèn)識正在教室里唱歌的那個女孩嗎?先行詞the girl指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)定語從句中的主語,因此該空應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞who,答案為A。
2.Jim dislikes people_______ talk much but never do anything.
A.whom B.when
C.whose D.who
【解析】先行詞people指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,所以選用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句,答案為D。
3.Friends are those_______make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
A.which B.whatC.whom D.who
【解析】先行詞those在此指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,因此該空選用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句,答案為D。
4.The girl_______you talked with at the school gate is our new math teacher.
A.whose B.which C.whom D.what
【解析】先行詞the girl指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作talked with的賓語,關(guān)系代詞要用whom,答案為C。
5.I like the teacher_______classes are very interesting and creative.
A.which B.who C.whatD.whose
【解析】先行詞the teacher指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)定語來修飾主語classes,所以關(guān)系代詞要用whose,答案為D。
6.He is one of the experienced engineers in this company_______hard work was repaid with the development of the company.
A.where B.whose
C.in which D.that
【解析】先行詞one of the experienced engineers指人,意思是“眾多有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工程師之一”,關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語從句且作定語來修飾work,答案為B。
關(guān)系副詞when,where,why起連接主句與從句的作用,同時又在從句中作時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語。
(一)when指時間,在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,且先行詞都是表示時間的名詞。如time,month,day,hour,date,week,year等。
1.I began to work in Shanghai in the year_______Hong Kong was returned to China.
A.that B.which C.where D.when
【解析】句意為:我是在香港回歸中國的那一年開始在上海工作的。先行詞the year指時間,關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語,選D。
2.I can’t forget the time_______the earthquake happened in Yushu.
A.when B.which C.that D.where
【解析】句意為:我不能忘記在玉樹地震發(fā)生的那一刻。先行詞the time是表示時間的名詞,關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語,選A。
(二)where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語從句,先行詞為表地點(diǎn)的名詞。如place,room,house,factory,school,city,town,spot等。
1.This is the school_______I studied three years ago.
A.where B.when C.that D.which
【解析】先行詞the school為地點(diǎn)名詞,關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,選A。
2.—What do you usually do in your leisure time?
—I enjoy reading in the library_______I lose myself in a world of good books.
A.which B.that C.where
【解析】先行詞in the library指地點(diǎn),關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,選C。
(三)why表原因,在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語,why的先行詞只有一個:reason。
1.I know the reason_______she didn’t come yesterday.
A.which B.that C.why D.where
【解析】先行詞the reason表原因,關(guān)系副詞why在從句中作原因狀語,選C。