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      定語從句題考法大揭秘

      2013-08-15 00:50:34山東省臨清市于小燕供稿
      中學(xué)生英語 2013年4期
      關(guān)鍵詞:指人中作先行

      山東省臨清市 于小燕 供稿

      在復(fù)合句中作定語、修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫作先行詞;引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,包括關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(whom,whose)和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。弄清楚什么是先行詞以及關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,是解題的關(guān)鍵。

      一、考查關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句

      關(guān)系代詞that既可指人也可指物,可以代替who,whom和which。that在定語從句中可作主語或謂語動詞的賓語,還可作表語。作賓語、表語時可省略。例如:

      1.Do you like music_______makes you relaxed?

      A.it B.whatC.who D.that

      【解析】先行詞music指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,關(guān)系代詞要用that,選D。

      2.—The village_______I visited last year has changed a lot.

      —Really?I hope to go there one day.A.that B.who C.when

      【解析】先行詞the village指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作visited的賓語,所以關(guān)系代詞用that,選A。

      3.My father is no longer the man that he was.

      我的爸爸已經(jīng)不是過去的樣子了。

      【解析】關(guān)系詞that在從句中作表語。

      二、考查關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句

      關(guān)系代詞which指物,在定語從句中可作主語或謂語動詞的賓語,作賓語時常可省略。例如:

      1.This is my beautiful school_______is near the famous library.

      A.where B.which C.who D.when

      【解析】先行詞school指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語,因此關(guān)系代詞用which,選 B。

      2.—Have you found the information about the famous people_______you can use for the report?

      —Not yet.I’ll search some on the Internet.

      A.who B.whatC.whom D.which

      【解析】the information about the famous people意思是“關(guān)于著名人物的信息”,先行詞information指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作use的賓語,因此用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句,選D。

      3.—What are you looking for?

      —I’m looking for the pen_______I bought yesterday.

      A.who B.which C.whose

      【解析】先行詞the pen指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語,因此該空要用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句,選B。

      【溫馨提示】

      先行詞指物且在定語從句中作主語或賓語時,通常情況下,關(guān)系詞既可用that,也可用which。但在下列情況下,先行詞指物時,只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo)。

      (1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞everything,anything,nothing等或被某些不定代詞修飾時;

      (2)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時;

      (3)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞的最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時;

      (4)當(dāng)主句以there be開頭時;

      (5)當(dāng)先行詞前面有 the very,the only,the same等修飾語時。

      1.There are lots of things_______I need to prepare before the trip.

      A.who B.that

      C.whom D.whose

      【解析】先行詞things指物,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語,只能用that,選B。

      2.I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places_______you can visit during the winter holidays.

      A.where B.which

      C.what D.that

      【解析】先行詞places被形容詞最高級the most interesting修飾,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語,因此該空只能選用關(guān)系代詞that,選 D。

      三、考查關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

      關(guān)系代詞who指人,在從句中作主語;whom指人,在從句中作賓語,可以省略;先行詞在從句中作賓語時,whom可用who代替,如果關(guān)系詞whom緊跟在介詞后,只能用whom;whose既可指人,也可指物,在從句中作定語。例如:

      1.Do you know the girl_______is singing in the classroom?

      A.who B.which C.when

      【解析】句意為:你認(rèn)識正在教室里唱歌的那個女孩嗎?先行詞the girl指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)定語從句中的主語,因此該空應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞who,答案為A。

      2.Jim dislikes people_______ talk much but never do anything.

      A.whom B.when

      C.whose D.who

      【解析】先行詞people指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,所以選用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句,答案為D。

      3.Friends are those_______make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.

      A.which B.whatC.whom D.who

      【解析】先行詞those在此指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,因此該空選用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句,答案為D。

      4.The girl_______you talked with at the school gate is our new math teacher.

      A.whose B.which C.whom D.what

      【解析】先行詞the girl指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作talked with的賓語,關(guān)系代詞要用whom,答案為C。

      5.I like the teacher_______classes are very interesting and creative.

      A.which B.who C.whatD.whose

      【解析】先行詞the teacher指人,要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)定語來修飾主語classes,所以關(guān)系代詞要用whose,答案為D。

      6.He is one of the experienced engineers in this company_______hard work was repaid with the development of the company.

      A.where B.whose

      C.in which D.that

      【解析】先行詞one of the experienced engineers指人,意思是“眾多有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工程師之一”,關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語從句且作定語來修飾work,答案為B。

      四、考查關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句

      關(guān)系副詞when,where,why起連接主句與從句的作用,同時又在從句中作時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語。

      (一)when指時間,在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,且先行詞都是表示時間的名詞。如time,month,day,hour,date,week,year等。

      1.I began to work in Shanghai in the year_______Hong Kong was returned to China.

      A.that B.which C.where D.when

      【解析】句意為:我是在香港回歸中國的那一年開始在上海工作的。先行詞the year指時間,關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語,選D。

      2.I can’t forget the time_______the earthquake happened in Yushu.

      A.when B.which C.that D.where

      【解析】句意為:我不能忘記在玉樹地震發(fā)生的那一刻。先行詞the time是表示時間的名詞,關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語,選A。

      (二)where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語從句,先行詞為表地點(diǎn)的名詞。如place,room,house,factory,school,city,town,spot等。

      1.This is the school_______I studied three years ago.

      A.where B.when C.that D.which

      【解析】先行詞the school為地點(diǎn)名詞,關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,選A。

      2.—What do you usually do in your leisure time?

      —I enjoy reading in the library_______I lose myself in a world of good books.

      A.which B.that C.where

      【解析】先行詞in the library指地點(diǎn),關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,選C。

      (三)why表原因,在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語,why的先行詞只有一個:reason。

      1.I know the reason_______she didn’t come yesterday.

      A.which B.that C.why D.where

      【解析】先行詞the reason表原因,關(guān)系副詞why在從句中作原因狀語,選C。

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