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      分析高考試題,辨別what與 that

      2016-05-14 15:36馬小娟
      廣東教育·高中 2016年5期
      關(guān)鍵詞:中作同位語代詞

      馬小娟

      在高三備考復(fù)習(xí)中,發(fā)現(xiàn)很多學(xué)生在填what與 that時(shí),非常糾結(jié),也很容易混淆。下面就這兩個(gè)詞的用法差異進(jìn)行歸納。

      真題研究

      1. (2011年北京卷)_________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honest and happiness.

      分析:What 引導(dǎo)主語從句,并在從句中作offers的賓語。

      2.(2011年湖南卷)Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious________ the problem itself is.

      分析:what 引導(dǎo)主語從句,并在從句中作is的表語。句中it是形式主語。

      3. (2011年四川卷)Our teachers always tell us to believe in _______ we do and who we are if we want to success.

      分析:what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在從句中作do的賓語。

      4. (2011年遼寧卷32)When the news came _________ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.

      分析:that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,說明news的具體內(nèi)容。

      5.(2013年全國(guó)卷)It was only after he had read the papers

      Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

      分析:考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It was ... that ...,因此填that。

      6.( 2015年全國(guó)卷) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _______are pictured by artists...

      分析:填that,引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語。

      7. (2013年全國(guó)卷)改錯(cuò):This is how I need to improve in the future.

      解析:因improve缺少賓語,不能用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)表語從句,應(yīng)用連接代詞what。

      易錯(cuò)題選

      1. I immediately tried to find the owner, because that is exactly ________ I would want someone to do if either I or any of my family members lost phones.

      分析:what 引導(dǎo)表語從句,在從句中作do的賓語,考生易誤填that。

      2. _______ I experienced in high school tells me that it is not ________ you are given but how you make use of it______ determines who you are.

      分析:第一個(gè)空What 引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中作experienced的賓語;第二空what 引導(dǎo)表語從句,在從句中作are given的賓語,第三空that, 構(gòu)成It is...that... 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是“not what you are given but how you make use of it”。句意:我在中學(xué)所經(jīng)歷的一切告訴我“不是你被給的東西決定你是誰,而是你怎樣利用它決定你是誰”。

      3. To their delight, my cousin can use ________ he has learned from university to help them with overseas trade.

      分析:what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在從句中作has learned的賓語,考生易誤填that。

      4. Never judge anyone because you never know how their life is or _________ theyre going through.

      分析:know后為or連接的兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句,由于在后面的一個(gè)從句中,through后缺少賓語,且指事物,因此,填what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在從句中作go through的賓語。句意:不要去評(píng)判一個(gè)人,因?yàn)槟悴恢浪麄冇兄鯓拥纳罨蛘吣悴恢浪麄冋?jīng)歷著什么苦難。

      5. We learn to have more confidence in _________ we know through failure.

      分析:填what, 引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在從句中作know的賓語。另外,介詞后一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

      6. The wedding was held in a large building _________ was built for the ceremony.

      分析:that引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句子作主語??忌渍`填what。

      7. China is not the country _________ it used to be.

      分析:that引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句子作be的表語??忌`填what。順便提提,如果題干中去掉the country,就填what,且在表語從句中作表語,即China is not what it used to be。

      8. One day he told his wife he was so disappointed with the city ________ he had to leave.

      分析:填that,因?yàn)閟o...that...是固定句式。

      用法辨析

      1. what,是連接代詞,引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等,并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等,不能省略。

      2. that,(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí),沒有任何意義,不作任何句子成分,只起連接作用,值得注意的是,其中同位語從句多由that引導(dǎo)。(2)that可代替which或who,引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語或賓語。(3)用于以下特殊句式:

      ①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is / was ...... that......

      ②固定句型so / such ... that ...

      責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青

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