馬儒超 韓琪勝 張文龍 周志偉
(東華理工大學(xué),江西 南昌 330013)
鈾是自然界中最重的放射元素,盡管含量比較低,但是在地殼中的分布卻很廣,以鈾為基礎(chǔ)的戰(zhàn)略核武器和核電在國防和能源領(lǐng)域方面已日趨重要[1]。隨著鈾越來越廣泛地被使用在核電廠中,甚至于軍事用途中,大規(guī)模的鈾礦開采以及鈾礦處理過程產(chǎn)生了許多廢棄的殘留物,鈾及其衰變的產(chǎn)物可以通過這些廢棄物和水的作用而進入環(huán)境中。已有研究表明,鈾核素根據(jù)其形態(tài)不同,可經(jīng)過呼吸道、皮膚、直接照射和生物循環(huán)經(jīng)食物鏈等途徑進入人體,引發(fā)白血病等癌癥和一些肝臟、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病[2]。因此,對鈾礦、鈾礦渣堆放處、核電站及其周圍空氣和水體中鈾含量的快速監(jiān)控對人體健康、生產(chǎn)安全、環(huán)境保護具有極其重要的意義。
TU-1810紫外-可見分光光度計(北京普析通用儀器有限公司);氯金酸(HAuCl4·4H2O)(國藥集團化學(xué)試劑有限公司),硼氫化鈉(國藥集團化學(xué)試劑有限公司),硫普羅寧(國藥集團化學(xué)試劑有限公司);其他試劑均為分析純,實驗用水為超純水。
實驗采用硼氫化鈉還原法制備L-絲氨酸修飾的金納米粒子。在250 mL圓底燒瓶中加入100mL 1mM HAuCl4·4H2O溶液,隨后加入5 mL 1 mM 硼氫化鈉溶液,緩慢攪拌10min。最后,將2 mL 0.1mol/L硼氫化鈉溶液緩慢加入至上述溶液中,該過程溶液由淡黃色轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧t色。繼續(xù)攪拌3 h直至溶液顏色變化穩(wěn)定,產(chǎn)物于4℃下保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
Figure 1. Strategy using L-Ser-AuNPs colormetry
Figure 2. UV-vis spectra of (a)as-prepared L-Ser-AuNPs and (b) after the addition of 150 μM solution,the inset image is the colorimetric response
Figure 3. pH-Dependent changes ofabsorption coefficients ratio (A650/A524)in the (a) absence and (b) presence of (150 μM)
Figure 4. Time-dependent absorption coefficients ratio (A650/A524) in the (a) absence and (b) presence of (150μM)
Figure5. Concentration-dependent extinction spectra for the L-Ser-AuNPs under the optimized conditions.
Figure6 A650/A524 ratios of L-Ser-AuNPs in the presence of different ions (150μM).
[1]林燕,世界核電發(fā)展及鈾供需形勢.電器工業(yè),2010(6):53-58.
[2]鄧冰,劉寧,王和義,蔣樹斌,鈾的毒性研究進展.中國輻射衛(wèi)生,2010.19(1):113-116.
[3]J, Boyle E A. Low blank preconcentration technique for the determination of lead, copper, and cadmium in small-volume seawater samples by isotope dilution ICPMS[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1997,69(13): 2464-2470.
[4]Herzog G, Arrigan D W M. Comparison of 2‐mercaptoethane sulfonate and mercaptoacetic acid disorganized monolayer‐coated electrodes for the detection of copper via underpotential deposition‐stripping voltammetry[J].Electroanalysis,2003,15(15‐16):1302-1306.
[5]Chan M S, Huang S D. Direct determination of cadmium and copper in seawater using a transversely heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer with Zeeman-effect background corrector[J].Talanta, 2000,51(2):373-380.
[6]Ravindran A, Elavarasi M, Prathna T C, et al. Selective colorimetric detection of nanomolar Cr (VI) in aqueous solutions using unmodified silver nanoparticles[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical,2012,166:365-371.