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      姜黃素對(duì)脂多糖刺激成骨細(xì)胞骨吸收的影響

      2014-03-22 03:45:04王雪梅尚德浩潘亞萍
      關(guān)鍵詞:中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)姜黃骨細(xì)胞

      王雪梅,尚德浩,潘亞萍

      (1.中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院牙體牙髓科,中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室,遼寧省口腔醫(yī)學(xué)研究所牙體牙髓病學(xué)研究室,沈陽110002;2.中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院種植科,沈陽110002;3.中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院牙周科,沈陽110002)

      姜黃素對(duì)脂多糖刺激成骨細(xì)胞骨吸收的影響

      王雪梅1,尚德浩2,潘亞萍3

      (1.中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院牙體牙髓科,中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室,遼寧省口腔醫(yī)學(xué)研究所牙體牙髓病學(xué)研究室,沈陽110002;2.中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院種植科,沈陽110002;3.中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院牙周科,沈陽110002)

      目的通過逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(RT-PCR)方法探討姜黃素對(duì)脂多糖(LPS)刺激成骨細(xì)胞后骨保護(hù)因子(OPG)和破骨細(xì)胞核因子κB受體活化因子配基(RANKL)mRNA表達(dá)的影響。方法1 μg/mL LPS作用成骨細(xì)胞6、12、18、24、48 h,并用10 μmol/L姜黃素預(yù)處理成骨細(xì)胞60 min后加入1 μg/mL LPS繼續(xù)作用6、12、18、24、48 h,RT-PCR檢測(cè)成骨細(xì)胞OPG和RANKLmRNA的表達(dá)。結(jié)果當(dāng)以1 μg/mL LPS作用于成骨細(xì)胞,隨著作用時(shí)間的增加成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的能力逐漸增強(qiáng),到24 h達(dá)到最高峰,到48 h基本恢復(fù)至初始水平;用10 μmol/L姜黃素預(yù)處理成骨細(xì)胞,然后再用1 μg/mL LPS處理成骨細(xì)胞48 h,發(fā)現(xiàn)成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的能力明顯減弱,隨著作用時(shí)間的增加成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的能力變化不明顯。當(dāng)以1 μg/mL LPS作用于成骨細(xì)胞,成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)OPGmRNA的能力無明顯變化;用10 μmol/L姜黃素預(yù)處理成骨細(xì)胞,然后再用1 μg/mL LPS處理成骨細(xì)胞48 h,發(fā)現(xiàn)成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)OPGmRNA的能力也無明顯變化。結(jié)論姜黃素可以減少LPS刺激后成骨細(xì)胞RANKLmRNA的表達(dá),對(duì)OPGmRNA表達(dá)無影響,進(jìn)而使得RANKL/OPG的比值減小,抑制骨吸收。

      姜黃素;脂多糖;骨保護(hù)因子;破骨細(xì)胞核因子κB受體活化因子配基

      細(xì)胞壁脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)是革蘭陰性厭氧菌內(nèi)毒素的主要成分,當(dāng)發(fā)生慢性根尖周炎或牙周炎時(shí),LPS打破骨吸收和骨沉積的平衡狀態(tài),出現(xiàn)骨喪失。它不僅可以刺激細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生炎性細(xì)胞因子,使單核細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞等向破骨細(xì)胞前體細(xì)胞分化,而且可以促進(jìn)成熟的破骨細(xì)胞存活,刺激骨吸收。LPS還可以直接作用于成骨細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生大量的破骨細(xì)胞核因子κB受體活化因子配基(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL),它們與來自于血液或局部的破骨細(xì)胞前體細(xì)胞表面的破骨細(xì)胞核因子κB受體活化因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB,RANK)結(jié)合,啟動(dòng)骨保護(hù)因子(osteoprotegerin,OPG)/RANKL/RANK信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路,促進(jìn)破骨細(xì)胞分化和成熟,使破骨活動(dòng)增強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致牙槽骨吸收,LPS是牙槽骨病理性吸收的關(guān)鍵因素。

      大量研究證明,姜黃素具有抗氧化[1]、抗誘變、抗腫瘤[2]、抗炎[3]、清除自由基、抗微生物等多方面作用,在過去20年的研究中,姜黃素在多種細(xì)胞中顯示了抗炎和免疫調(diào)節(jié)活性,但在口腔領(lǐng)域的研究還很少。Guimar?es等[4]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)口服姜黃素可以降低LPS引起的實(shí)驗(yàn)性鼠牙周炎的免疫炎性反應(yīng),并且有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)姜黃素可以抑制LPS對(duì)多種細(xì)胞的損傷作用[5~12],因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)選用LPS作為外源性刺激物作用于體外原代培養(yǎng)的大鼠成骨細(xì)胞,應(yīng)用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)法檢測(cè)姜黃素對(duì)LPS刺激成骨細(xì)胞OPG和RANKLmRNA表達(dá)的影響,以期證明姜黃素對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)骨吸收有抑制作用,為姜黃素治療牙周炎和根尖周炎提供理論依據(jù)。

      1 材料與方法

      1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物

      新生24 h內(nèi)的SD胎鼠,雌雄不限,體質(zhì)量約6 g,由中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物部提供。

      1.2 主要試劑

      Ⅰ型膠原酶、姜黃素、LPS、MTT(美國(guó)Sigma公司);高糖DMEM細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液(美國(guó)Gibco公司);胰蛋白酶(華美公司);RT-PCR試劑盒(日本TaKaRa公司)。

      1.3 成骨細(xì)胞的原代培養(yǎng)

      取新生的SD胎鼠顱骨剪成碎片,胰蛋白酶消化,Ⅰ型膠原酶消化進(jìn)行成骨細(xì)胞培養(yǎng),以1∶2進(jìn)行傳代,每隔2 d換液1次,5~7 d進(jìn)行傳代[13]。

      1.4 RT-PCR檢測(cè)成骨細(xì)胞OPG和RANKLmRNA的表達(dá)

      取第3~4代成骨細(xì)胞按5×103/cm2的密度接種于25 cm2的培養(yǎng)瓶中,加入1 μg/mL LPS繼續(xù)作用6、12、18、24和48 h,然后用10 μmol/L姜黃素預(yù)處理60 min后加入1 μg/mL LPS持續(xù)作用6、12、18、24和48 h,分別在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)收集細(xì)胞,保存于-80℃冰箱中,留待RT-PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)所用。反應(yīng)條件:94℃預(yù)變性1 min,94℃30 s,55℃30 s,72℃1 min,共擴(kuò)增30個(gè)循環(huán);72℃延伸5 min。RANKL引物序列:上游5′-TACTTTCGAGCGCAGATGGAT-3′,下游5′-GTACGCTTCCCGATGTTTCAT-3′,產(chǎn)物大小為482 bp;OPG引物序列:上游5′-AAACAGCACTGCACAG TGAG-3′,下游5′-TGGTAGGAACAGCAAACCTG-3′,產(chǎn)物大小為489 bp;GAPDH引物序列:上游5′-GGTGAAGGTCGGTGTGAACG-3′,下游5′-CTCGCT CCTGGAAGATGGTG-3′,產(chǎn)物大小為250 bp。

      1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

      采用SPSS10.0軟件包進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,采用t檢驗(yàn)對(duì)比各時(shí)間點(diǎn)基因表達(dá),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 LPS刺激成骨細(xì)胞后RANKLmRNA的表達(dá)

      RT-PCR的結(jié)果表明,LPS增強(qiáng)成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA呈時(shí)間依賴性。成骨細(xì)胞基礎(chǔ)表達(dá)少量RANKLmNRA及較強(qiáng)OPGmNRA。當(dāng)以1 μg/mL LPS作用于成骨細(xì)胞48 h,隨著作用時(shí)間的增加成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的能力逐漸增強(qiáng),到24 h達(dá)到最高峰,24 h后成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的水平開始下降,到48 h基本恢復(fù)至初始水平(圖1)。

      圖1 RT?PCR檢測(cè)LPS刺激后成骨細(xì)胞RANKL mRNA的表達(dá)Fig.1 Expression of RANKL mRNA after LPS stimulation in osteoblasts by RT?PCR

      2.2 姜黃素對(duì)LPS刺激成骨細(xì)胞后RANKLmRNA表達(dá)的影響

      用10 μmol/L姜黃素預(yù)處理成骨細(xì)胞60 min,然后再用1 μg/mL LPS處理成骨細(xì)胞48 h,發(fā)現(xiàn)成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的能力較LPS刺激組明顯減弱,隨著作用時(shí)間的增加成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的能力變化不明顯(圖2)。

      2.3 姜黃素對(duì)LPS刺激成骨細(xì)胞后OPGmRNA表達(dá)的影響

      圖2 RT?PCR檢測(cè)姜黃素對(duì)LPS刺激后RANKL mRNA表達(dá)的影響Fig.2 Expression of RANKL mRNA in osteoblasts with curcumin preconditioned plus LPS stimulation by RT?PCR

      當(dāng)以1 μg/mL LPS作用于成骨細(xì)胞,成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)OPGmRNA的能力無明顯變化,當(dāng)用10 μmol/L姜黃素預(yù)處理成骨細(xì)胞,然后再用1 μg/mL LPS處理成骨細(xì)胞48 h,發(fā)現(xiàn)成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)OPGmRNA的能力也無明顯變化(圖3)。

      圖3 姜黃素對(duì)LPS刺激后OPG mRNA表達(dá)的影響Fig.3 Expression of OPG mRNA in osteoblasts with curcumin preconditioned plus LPS stimulation by RT?PCR

      3 討論

      近幾年的研究認(rèn)為,骨組織的代謝是通過成骨細(xì)胞和破骨細(xì)胞共同完成的,然而破骨細(xì)胞表面的受體非常少,其啟動(dòng)、功能激活到最后凋亡都需要成骨細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)。成骨細(xì)胞分泌OPG和RANKL兩種物質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)骨代謝,二者的比值是成骨細(xì)胞促進(jìn)破骨細(xì)胞分化的決定性因素。RANKL一旦與RANK結(jié)合就會(huì)刺激前體破骨細(xì)胞分化,活化成熟的破骨細(xì)胞,引起骨吸收[14]。OPG通過阻礙RANKL與RANK的結(jié)合抑制破骨細(xì)胞的形成[15]。在多種微環(huán)境條件下,由于OPG對(duì)RANKL的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)合能力比RANK更強(qiáng),可以結(jié)合或中和可溶性RANKL以及與基質(zhì)細(xì)胞/成骨細(xì)胞結(jié)合的RANKL,通過該機(jī)制阻斷RANKL與破骨譜系細(xì)胞(破骨前體細(xì)胞和破骨細(xì)胞)表面的RANK結(jié)合,從而抑制骨吸收[16,17]。因此OPG和RANKL是骨代謝的最終效應(yīng)因子。OPG/ RANKL/RANK在骨重建過程中偶聯(lián)了骨形成和骨吸收的調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng),組成了破骨細(xì)胞的三角調(diào)控系統(tǒng),同時(shí)它們也是破骨細(xì)胞分化、活化、成熟及凋亡過程中的關(guān)鍵調(diào)節(jié)因子[18]。其中,RANKL和OPG的比值是控制骨重建的關(guān)鍵因素[18~20]。

      維持骨代謝的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡需要成骨細(xì)胞和破骨細(xì)胞的相互作用,許多激素和細(xì)胞因子共同組成復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)參與此動(dòng)態(tài)過程的調(diào)控。LPS、維生素D3和一些促炎性細(xì)胞因子,都可通過上調(diào)RANKL的表達(dá)和下調(diào)OPG的表達(dá)使得破骨細(xì)胞增多[21]。

      本研究結(jié)果顯示:大鼠成骨細(xì)胞基礎(chǔ)表達(dá)較強(qiáng)OPGmRNA和少量RANKLmRNA,LPS刺激大鼠成骨細(xì)胞時(shí),其表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的能力均比未受刺激的細(xì)胞增強(qiáng),與Kikuch等[22~25]的結(jié)果一致。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著LPS作用時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),RANKLmRNA的表達(dá)逐漸增加,到24 h達(dá)到最高峰,到48 h降至初始狀態(tài),由于LPS刺激6 h成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmNRA能力明顯改變,表明LPS的刺激作用可能是直接刺激細(xì)胞的結(jié)果,而不是成骨細(xì)胞分泌的其他細(xì)胞因子的間接作用;LPS對(duì)于大鼠成骨細(xì)胞OPGmRNA的表達(dá)無明顯作用,說明LPS是通過激活牙槽骨中成骨細(xì)胞的OPG/RANKL/RANK傳導(dǎo)通路,增加了RANKL/OPG比值從而誘導(dǎo)牙槽骨吸收。而用10 μmol/L姜黃素預(yù)處理成骨細(xì)胞,再用1 μg/mL LPS處理成骨細(xì)胞48 h,發(fā)現(xiàn)成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)RANKLmRNA的能力明顯減弱,提示姜黃素抑制了LPS誘導(dǎo)的成骨細(xì)胞RANKLmRNA表達(dá)升高,但是隨著作用時(shí)間的增加成骨細(xì)胞表達(dá)OPGmRNA的能力變化不明顯,因此RANKL/OPG比值減小,姜黃素從而抑制了骨吸收,為姜黃素治療牙周炎和根尖周炎提供理論依據(jù)。

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      (編輯 陳姜)

      EffectofCurcumin on Bone Resorption Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide in Osteoblasts

      WANGXue-mei1,SHANGDe-hao2,PANYa-ping3
      (1.Departments ofEndodentics,CenterExperimentalDepartment,SchoolofStomatology,China MedicalUniversity,Institution ofOralMedicine ofLiaoning,Shenyang 110002,China;2.Center of Implantology,School of Stomatology,China Medical University,Shenyang 110002,China;3.Periodontics,School of Stomatology,China MedicalUniversity,Shenyang 110002,China)

      ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of curcumin on the expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG)and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)mRNA stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in osteoblasts by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).MethodsOsteoblasts with/without10μmol/L curcumin precondition were treated with 1μg/mLLPS for6,12,18,24,48 h.RT-PCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression ofOPGandRANKL.ResultsAtime dependentincrease inRANKLmRNA expression was observed in 24 h when cells were treated with 1 μg/mL LPS.The level ofRANKLmRNA began to decrease after 24 h.The expression ofRANKLmRNA in osteoblasts was similaras thatin untreated controlsat48 h.Before exposure to LPS,osteoblasts were pretreated with 10μmol/Lcurcumin,the expression ofRANKLmRNA decreased significantly and exhibited no time dependent relationship,the level ofRANKLmRNA slightly changed.The level ofOPGmRNA slightly changed when osteoblasts either treated with 1 μg/mL LPS or 10 μmol/L curcumin preconditioned until 48 h.ConclusionCurcumin suppressed bone resorption by downregulate the expression ofRANKLmRNAinduced by LPS in osteoblastsand had no effecton thatofOPGmRNA.

      curcumin;lipopolysaccharide;osteoprotegerin;receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand

      R783

      A

      0258-4646(2014)11-0982-04

      遼寧省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013225090)

      王雪梅(1976-),女,主治醫(yī)師,博士. E-mail:wangxuemeisdh@hotmail.com

      2014-09-09

      網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:

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