項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)：張松/上海同濟(jì)城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院/揚(yáng)州市規(guī)劃局

揚(yáng)州歷史文化名城保護(hù)規(guī)劃，揚(yáng)州，江蘇，中國

項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)：張松/上海同濟(jì)城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院/揚(yáng)州市規(guī)劃局

歷史性城市景觀保護(hù)

聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）于2011年11月通過了有關(guān)城市保護(hù)的最新國際建議——《關(guān)于歷史性城市景觀的建議》。歷史性城市景觀（Historic Urban Landscape，HUL）理念和方法是指導(dǎo)歷史城市保護(hù)的新路徑?！稉P(yáng)州歷史文化名城保護(hù)規(guī)劃》借鑒這個新的保護(hù)理念，在保護(hù)規(guī)劃中做了一些實(shí)踐探索，其中比較重要的內(nèi)容包括歷史城區(qū)的評估認(rèn)定，維持歷史城市景觀的連續(xù)性，注重遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)與城市發(fā)展的融合等。

歷史性城市景觀由具有文化和自然價(jià)值的歷史層積（historic layers）構(gòu)成，反映了自然環(huán)境和人工創(chuàng)造之間相互作用的結(jié)果。長期以來，湖泊水網(wǎng)等地理環(huán)境決定了揚(yáng)州城市形態(tài)的大格局，歷代城池位置基本不變，蜀岡上下的唐揚(yáng)州城、宋三城遺址，以及明清揚(yáng)州城都在這個地方。保護(hù)規(guī)劃中為了突顯揚(yáng)州歷史性城市景觀的風(fēng)貌特征和大的背景環(huán)境，確定了包含揚(yáng)州城遺址、大運(yùn)河遺產(chǎn)、歷史城區(qū)（明清揚(yáng)州城）、蜀岡—瘦西湖風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)在內(nèi)的重點(diǎn)保護(hù)區(qū)，通過歷史風(fēng)貌的整體保護(hù)和環(huán)境景觀的控制管理，實(shí)現(xiàn)瘦西湖、古城遺址和歷史城區(qū)等文化景觀的保護(hù)。

用歷史層積的理念來認(rèn)識和理解名城揚(yáng)州的歷史城區(qū)，充分考慮城市變遷的時(shí)空關(guān)聯(lián)性。根據(jù)揚(yáng)州城市歷史變遷和傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌的保存狀況，將歷史邊界范圍清晰、格局和風(fēng)貌保存較為完整的明清揚(yáng)州城范圍確定為歷史城區(qū)，重點(diǎn)保護(hù)明清揚(yáng)州城的城池格局、風(fēng)貌街巷、歷史文化街區(qū)，以及古運(yùn)河、護(hù)城河、小秦淮河等歷史水系等。

保護(hù)規(guī)劃除了尊重城市的發(fā)展演變過程，保護(hù)代表不同時(shí)期的歷史遺存之外，還需要對城市未來發(fā)展實(shí)施控制引導(dǎo)，通過保持新舊城區(qū)空間結(jié)構(gòu)延續(xù)性和過渡關(guān)系，來保證歷史城區(qū)之外地區(qū)的有序發(fā)展。重視維護(hù)歷史城市的連續(xù)性，將持續(xù)不斷和有序變化視為城市文化傳統(tǒng)的一部分。歷史性城市景觀不僅包含不斷演進(jìn)的城市空間，而且還應(yīng)涵蓋歷史性場所和社會生活的內(nèi)容。通過管理空間變化和社會功能改變，確保當(dāng)代干預(yù)與歷史環(huán)境的和諧整合，通過景觀管理維護(hù)城市景觀的秩序性。

歷史性城市景觀保護(hù)理念要求聯(lián)系更為廣泛的背景環(huán)境，通過區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌為歷史城市保護(hù)提供支撐條件，強(qiáng)調(diào)城市建設(shè)與自然環(huán)境的有機(jī)結(jié)合，古代城市以河流作為城市防御體系的一部分，利用自然山水營造古典園林，現(xiàn)代城市建設(shè)以水為載體營造江南水都景觀，以蜀岡—瘦西湖、運(yùn)河生態(tài)林帶等自然開放空間構(gòu)筑城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team：張松，匡曉明，李文墨，李宇欣，林升，鎮(zhèn)雪鋒，林娟，付毓，鈴木克幸，陳君，顧琨，劉洋等/ZHANG Song, KUANG Xiaoming, LI Wenmo,

LI Yuxin, LIN Sheng, ZHEN Xuefeng, LIN Juan, FU Yu, Katsuyuki Suzuki, CHEN Jun, GU Kun, LIU Yang, et al.

Conservation of Historic Urban Landscape

In November 2011 the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) adopted a new international recommendation on urban conservation-Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. The concepts and approaches of HUL (Historic Urban Landscape) are new tools of guiding the conservation of historic cities. Learning from the new conservation concepts, a series of practical exploration has been conducted inthe Conservation Planning of Historic and Cultural Center of Yangzhouin respect of assessment and identification of historic center, continuity of historic urban landscape, emphasis on the incorporation of heritage conservation into urban development, etc.

Historic urban landscape composed of historic layers of cultural and natural values demonstrates the results of interaction between natural environment and human invention. The general layout of Yangzhou has long been determined by its geographical conditions such as networks of lakes and rivers, so throughout ages the urban sites remained almost intact, for example the Tang Dynasty Yangzhou City divided by Shugang, the three Song Dynasty urban centers, and the Ming and Qing city of Yangzhou. In order to highlight the styles, features and environmental contexts of historic urban landscape of Yangzhou in this Conservation Planning, the site of ancient Yangzhou in Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal heritage, the historic urban (sites of Yangzhou City in Ming and Qing Dynasties) and Shugang-Slender West Lake Scenic Spot are all included in the key conservation areas, and overall conservation of historical styles as well as landscape control and management are performed on the cultural landscapes including the Slender West Lake and the ruins of historic centers.

Yangzhou's renowned historic centers should be recognized and understood from the perspective of historic layers while spatial-temporal association with urban changes are taken into full consideration.The sites of Yangzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties featuring clear historical boundaries and relatively complete layout and styles are identified as historic centers according to urban changes and conservation conditions of the traditional features. The focus is turned onto the conservation of city layouts, styles of the ancient streets and lanes, and the historic and cultural blocks of the Ming and Qing sites as well as the historical river system such as ancient canal, moat, and the small Qinhuai River.

In addition to following the development and evolution courses of the city, and preserving the typical historic ruins in different times, the Conservation Planning also should function in the guidance and control of future development of the city so as to keep the areas out of the historic centers in orderly development via maintaining spatial structure continuity and transition between the old and new urban areas. Sustainable and ordered changes of the city should be regarded as part of the city's cultural traditions while focusing on the maintenance of continuity of the historic centers. A historic urban landscape should contain not only evolving urban space but also historic places and social activities. Harmonious integration of modern interference into historical environment should be ensured via management of spatial and social function changes, and urban landscape order should be preserved via landscape management.

The concepts of historic urban landscape conservation require wider environmental context in which regional coordination can be used as the supportive condition of historic urban conservation, and emphasis on organic bond of urban construction with natural environment. In ancient times, rivers were used as defense system of a city and natural landscapes are adopted to create classical gardens; in modern times, water is treated as a carrier for creating a waterscape full of the styles characteristic of the cities in the south valley of the Yangtze River, and the natural and open spaces such as Shugang - Slender West Lake, ecological forest zone of the canal are employed to build the ecological system of the city.

評論

谷云瑞：保護(hù)：盡力照顧，使其權(quán)益不受損害。

規(guī)劃：個人或組織制定的比較全面長遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展計(jì)劃。

對于歷史性城市景觀保護(hù)，設(shè)計(jì)者的工作思路是完整清晰的，歷史層積、自然環(huán)境和人工創(chuàng)造相互作用下的城市形態(tài)，明清揚(yáng)州城的城池格局、風(fēng)貌街巷、歷史文化街區(qū)、古運(yùn)河、護(hù)城河、小秦淮河等歷史水系，明確了揚(yáng)州城應(yīng)受到盡力照顧、使其不受損害的保護(hù)疆域。

尊重城市發(fā)展的演變過程，保護(hù)不同時(shí)期的歷史遺存，使其成為未來發(fā)展的本命根基，讓科學(xué)的城市發(fā)展觀不再是曠遠(yuǎn)綿邈、難近其身的意境幻相，而是置身于豐潤沃土、祖源純清的華茂春松。

朱光亞：作為第一批歷史文化名城和大運(yùn)河申遺城市聯(lián)盟機(jī)構(gòu)所在地的揚(yáng)州，既有著豐富的歷史文化資源，也有著文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的重大的示范責(zé)任，由同濟(jì)規(guī)劃院和揚(yáng)州規(guī)劃局完成的新一輪的名城保護(hù)規(guī)劃肩負(fù)著這種期待，規(guī)劃較好地吸納了近10年來各項(xiàng)各類保護(hù)規(guī)劃的成果，又以歷史文化景觀作為整合它們的基本切入點(diǎn)，規(guī)劃沒有忘記保護(hù)必須有重點(diǎn)，也必須以歷史是層積的觀念來對待多個歷史時(shí)期的遺存引發(fā)的困擾，這顯示了規(guī)劃者的清醒意識和整體觀念。

Comments

GU Yunrui: Conservation: Trying to take care, so as not to impair its interests.

Planning: Relatively comprehensive and longterm development plans made by individuals or organizations.

With regard to landscape protection of historic cities, planners have a complete and clear idea, taking into consideration the historic layers, the urban morphology shaped by the interaction between natural environment and artificial creation, the city landscape of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, featured streets, historic area, and historical river system including ancient canals, moats, and Small Qinhuai River. The planning makes it clear that Yangzhou City should be taken care of as much as possible, so as not to cause damage to the territory it protects.

The planning should respect the evolution process of the urban development, protect the historical relics in different periods, thus making it the foundation for the future development. In this situation, the concept of scientific urban development will no longer be an unrealistic fantasy; instead, it will develop steadily and vigorously in a favorable environment.

ZHU Guangya: Yangzhou, as one of the first group of historic cities and the location for the city alliance office for the application of the Grand Canal for World Cultural Heritage, has not only rich historic and cultural resources but also a major demonstration responsibility in the field of cultural heritage protection. The new planning of historic city protection completed jointly by Tongji Planning Institute and Yangzhou Planning Bureau has fulfilled such a responsibility. With historic and cultural landscape as the basis, the planning absorbs and integrates the achievements of various types of protection plans in the past decade. In the planning, it is clear that the protection must have focuses and should use the concept that history is accumulation to deal with the problem caused by the remains of different historical periods, which well reveals the sober mind and the holistic view of the planners.

Conservation Planning of Historic City of Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 2013

Project Design: ZHANG Song/Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute/Yangzhou Urban Planning Bureau