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      加速溶劑萃取高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法測定土壤中鄰苯二甲酸酯

      2014-07-10 21:42:57閆蕊等
      分析化學 2014年6期
      關鍵詞:土壤

      閆蕊等

      摘 要 建立了高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜技術(shù)(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC MS/MS)同時測定土壤中鄰苯二甲酸酯(Phthalic acid esters, PAEs)的分析方法。確定了土壤樣品加速溶劑萃取最優(yōu)條件是以正己烷為萃取溶劑,在160 ℃下,靜態(tài)萃取4次,每次12 min,萃取液經(jīng)旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)濃縮,以乙腈0.1%甲酸溶液為流動相梯度洗脫分離后, 用LCMS/MS結(jié)合大氣壓化學源(Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, APCI)進行定性及定量分析。土壤中11種PAEs的濃度與其峰面積呈良好的線性關系,檢出限為0.03~13.0 μg/kg,樣品的加標平均回收率為72.8%~101.8%,相對標準偏差(RSD)為1.7%~6.7%。方法簡便快速,且靈敏度高,適用于土壤中11種鄰苯二甲酸酯的同時測定。

      關鍵詞 加速溶劑萃取; 高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法; 大氣壓化學源; 土壤; 鄰苯二甲酸酯

      1 引 言

      鄰苯二甲酸酯 (Phthalic acid esters, PAEs) 是環(huán)境激素類物質(zhì)中的一類化合物。它們主要用作增塑劑[1],在塑料中, PAEs與聚烯烴類塑料分子之間由氫鍵或范德華力連接,彼此保留各自相對獨立的化學性質(zhì)[2],隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和塑料制品的使用,PAEs不斷進入環(huán)境,普遍存在于土壤、底泥、生物等環(huán)境樣品中。杜嫻等[3]的研究表明,由于生物或物理化學過程,PAEs在水體之間存在遷移分配的現(xiàn)象,也就是說雖然PEAs具有憎水性,易富集與沉積物中,但當外界條件合適的情況下,PEAs還是有向水中遷移的趨勢。張?zhí)N暉等[4]的研究表明,PAEs在環(huán)境中的含量為:水<土壤<底泥<水生生物。關卉等[5]的研究表明,PAEs總量高低排序為:甘蔗地>水田>菜地>果園,不同土壤剖面層次PAEs殘留總量總體上隨著深度的增加呈下降趨勢。PEAs可經(jīng)過消化系統(tǒng)、呼吸系統(tǒng)及皮膚接觸等途徑進入人體[6],PAEs的毒性除了已知的致畸、致癌和致突變外,還將影響人體內(nèi)分泌。徐廷云等[7]的研究表明,不育男性的精液中PAEs的總量高于正常生育男性,得出PAEs蓄積可能是男性不育的原因之一的結(jié)論。

      土壤中PAEs的前處理較多的使用索氏萃取[8]、超聲萃取[9]和微波萃取[10]等方法,而近幾年發(fā)展起來的加速溶劑萃取法則具有有機溶劑用量少、操作自動化、萃取速度快、回收率高等優(yōu)點[11~14]。PAEs的測定可以采用高效液相色譜法[15,16]、氣相色譜法[17]、氣相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用(GCMS)法[18]和液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用(LCMS/MS)法[19]。由于環(huán)境樣品基質(zhì)復雜,污染物較多,色譜法根據(jù)保留時間進行定性分析經(jīng)常受到基質(zhì)的干擾,容易造成假陽性。采用串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法可以很大程度去除基質(zhì)干擾,較為準確地進行定性和定量分析。

      本研究采用加速溶劑萃取高效液相色譜串聯(lián)大氣壓化學電離源質(zhì)譜法,對11種PAEs同時進行分離檢測,建立了一種前處理簡便、有機溶劑用量少、周期短的檢測方法。

      2 實驗部分

      2.1 儀器與試劑

      Agilent 1200高效液相色譜儀,Agilent 6410A串聯(lián)四極桿質(zhì)譜儀,配大氣壓化學電離源(APCI)和Mass Hunter工作站(美國Agilent公司);ASE350型加速溶劑萃取儀(美國Dionex公司),配10 mL萃取池;N1000型旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(日本Eyela公司),配有BC55型真空冷卻系統(tǒng)(日本Yamato公司);MilliQ超純水器(美國Millipore公司)。乙腈、二氯甲烷、丙酮、異丙醇、石油醚及正己烷(HPLC級,美國Fisher公司);氟羅里硅藻土(0.180~0.154 mm粒徑,農(nóng)殘級,Dionex公司);0.22 μm有機微孔過濾膜;玻璃容器依次用水、丙酮、正己烷、二氯甲烷清洗,200 ℃烘10 h以上,氟羅里硅藻土200 ℃烘24 h。實驗中避免使用任何塑料器皿。

      鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、鄰苯二甲酸二(2甲氧基)乙酯(DMEP)、鄰苯二甲酸二乙氧基己酯(DEEP)、鄰苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、鄰苯二甲酸二丙烯酯(DAP)、鄰苯二甲酸二(2丁氧基)乙酯(DBEP)、鄰苯二甲酸丁基芐酯(BBP)、鄰苯二甲酸二環(huán)己酯(DCHP)、鄰苯二甲酸二戊酯(DPP)、鄰苯二甲酸二(4甲基2戊基)酯(BMPP)、鄰苯二甲酸己基2乙基己基酯(HEHP)(純度大于95.1%)購自Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH 公司。

      2.2 色譜質(zhì)譜條件

      Agilent XDBC18色譜柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流動相:0.1%甲酸(A)和乙腈(B),梯度洗脫程序:0~35 min,60%~90% B;35~37 min,90%~60% B;37~40 min,60% B。流速:1.0 mL/min;柱溫:30 ℃;進樣量:10.0 μL;后運行時間:5 min;大氣壓化學電離源(APCI);正離子模式;干燥氣流速: 5.0 L/min; 干燥氣溫度:350 ℃;噴霧器溫度:400 ℃;噴霧器壓力:

      4 結(jié) 論

      采用加速溶劑萃取液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法對土壤樣品中11種鄰苯二甲酸酯進行分析測定。對萃取條件進行了優(yōu)化,并分析了實際樣品,PAEs的濃度與其峰面積呈良好的線性關系,檢出限為0.03~13.0 μg/kg,樣品的加標回收率為72.8%~101.8%,相對標準偏差為1.7%~6.7%。本方法簡單快速,且靈敏度高,適用于土壤中11種鄰苯二甲酸酯的同時測定。

      References

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      3 DU Xian, LUO GuYuan, XU XiaoYi. Acta Scientice Circumstantiace, 2013,33(2): 557-562

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      4 ZHANG YunHui, CHEN BingHeng, ZHENG LiXing, ZHU JianHui, DING XunChen. Journal of Environment and Health, 2003, 20(5): 283-286

      張?zhí)N暉, 陳秉衡, 鄭力行, 褚建輝, 丁訓誠. 環(huán)境與健康雜志, 2003, 20(5): 283-286

      5 GUAN Hui, WANG JiSheng, WAN HongFu, LI PeiXue. Journal of AgroEnvironment Science, 2007, 26(2): 622-628

      關 卉, 王金生, 萬洪富, 李丕學, 楊國義. 農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報, 2007, 26(2): 622-628

      6 JIN QiuMei, SUN ZengRong. Journal of Tianjin Medical University, 2004, (S1): 81-85

      靳秋梅, 孫增榮. 天津醫(yī)科大學學報, 2004(增刊1): 81-85

      7 XUN TingYun, HU JiaBo, GAO HuaSheng, WU ZhiYuan, XU WenHui. Chinese Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science, 2013, 31(1): 51-53

      徐廷云, 胡嘉波, 高華生, 吳芝園, 徐文慧. 臨床檢驗雜志, 2013, 31(1): 51-53

      8 MO CeHui, CAI QuanYing, WU QiTang, WANG BoGuang, HUANG HuanZhong, ZHOU LiXiang. China Environmental Science, 2001, 21(4): 362-366

      莫測輝, 蔡全英, 吳啟堂, 王伯光, 黃煥忠, 周立祥. 中國環(huán)境科學, 2001, 21(4): 362-366

      9 MENG PinRui, WANG XiKui, WANG XiaoMei, TAN CaiJuan. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 1995, 14(1): 42

      孟平蕊, 王西奎 , 王筱梅, 覃彩娟. 分析測試學報, 1995, 14(1): 42

      10 Cortazar E, Bartolomé L, Delgado A. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 534(2): 247-254

      11 SHAO HaiYang, XU Gang, WU MingHong, TANG Liang, LIU Ning, QIU WenHui. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 41(9): 1315-1321

      邵海洋, 徐 剛, 吳明紅, 唐 亮, 劉 寧, 裘文慧. 分析化學, 2013, 41(9): 1315-1321

      12 Jara S, Lysebo C, Greibrokk T, Lundanes E. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000, 407(12): 165-171

      13 YAN Rui, SHAO MingYuan, JU FuLong, SONG DaQian, ZHANG HanQi, YU AiMin. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 41(2) : 315-316

      閆 蕊, 邵明媛, 鞠福龍, 宋大千, 張寒琦, 于愛民. 分析化學, 2013, 41(2): 315-316

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      李立忠, 崔龍哲, 孫 杰, 劉子元. 環(huán)境科學與技術(shù), 2005, 28(4): 54-57

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      Determination of 11 Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil by Accelerated

      Solvent ExtractionLiquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

      YAN Rui1,2, SHAO MingYuan1, SUN ChangHua2, LIU XiaoLing2,

      SONG DaQian1, ZHANG HanQi1, YU AiMin*1

      1(College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

      2(Academy of Quality Inspection and Research in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150050, China)

      Abstract A sensitive and convenient method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 11 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in soil. The optimized conditions were as follows: By using nhexane as the extraction solvent, spiked sample was extracted by ASE at 160 ℃ for 4 times, 12 min for each time. The extract was concentrated by evaporation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring mode after the chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(APCI), using acetonitrile

      Symbolm@@ 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase. The limits of detection(LODs) for 11 PAEs were between 0.03-13.0 μg/kg. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 72.8%-101.8% and 1.7-6.7%, respectively. This method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of PAEs in soil.

      Keywords Accelerated solvent extraction; Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; Soil; Phthalic acid esters

      (Received 24 September 2013; accepted 7 February 2014)

      Determination of 11 Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil by Accelerated

      Solvent ExtractionLiquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

      YAN Rui1,2, SHAO MingYuan1, SUN ChangHua2, LIU XiaoLing2,

      SONG DaQian1, ZHANG HanQi1, YU AiMin*1

      1(College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

      2(Academy of Quality Inspection and Research in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150050, China)

      Abstract A sensitive and convenient method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 11 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in soil. The optimized conditions were as follows: By using nhexane as the extraction solvent, spiked sample was extracted by ASE at 160 ℃ for 4 times, 12 min for each time. The extract was concentrated by evaporation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring mode after the chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(APCI), using acetonitrile

      Symbolm@@ 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase. The limits of detection(LODs) for 11 PAEs were between 0.03-13.0 μg/kg. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 72.8%-101.8% and 1.7-6.7%, respectively. This method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of PAEs in soil.

      Keywords Accelerated solvent extraction; Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; Soil; Phthalic acid esters

      (Received 24 September 2013; accepted 7 February 2014)

      Determination of 11 Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil by Accelerated

      Solvent ExtractionLiquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

      YAN Rui1,2, SHAO MingYuan1, SUN ChangHua2, LIU XiaoLing2,

      SONG DaQian1, ZHANG HanQi1, YU AiMin*1

      1(College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

      2(Academy of Quality Inspection and Research in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150050, China)

      Abstract A sensitive and convenient method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 11 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in soil. The optimized conditions were as follows: By using nhexane as the extraction solvent, spiked sample was extracted by ASE at 160 ℃ for 4 times, 12 min for each time. The extract was concentrated by evaporation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring mode after the chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(APCI), using acetonitrile

      Symbolm@@ 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase. The limits of detection(LODs) for 11 PAEs were between 0.03-13.0 μg/kg. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 72.8%-101.8% and 1.7-6.7%, respectively. This method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of PAEs in soil.

      Keywords Accelerated solvent extraction; Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; Soil; Phthalic acid esters

      (Received 24 September 2013; accepted 7 February 2014)

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