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      數(shù)字離子阱質(zhì)譜儀低質(zhì)量截止值的改進方法

      2014-07-10 21:48:57徐福興等
      分析化學(xué) 2014年6期

      徐福興等

      摘 要 本研究在實驗室自制的線形數(shù)字離子阱質(zhì)量分析器上,通過改變數(shù)碼電源的頻率掃描方式,在CID過程中,通過掃描數(shù)字束縛方波電源的頻率和數(shù)字激發(fā)方波的頻率實現(xiàn)母體解離。例如對于利血平母體離子,當將離子數(shù)字束縛方波頻率從500 kHz掃描到560 kHz,可以測量到低質(zhì)荷比的碎片離子,成功實現(xiàn)了串級質(zhì)譜分析的低質(zhì)量碎片離子的分析。通過與利血平三重四極質(zhì)譜串級質(zhì)譜分析實驗結(jié)果的比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)可以在數(shù)字離子阱質(zhì)譜儀上獲得與三重四極質(zhì)譜相同的串級質(zhì)譜測量結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明,本方法可以用于低質(zhì)量離子的測量,克服了傳統(tǒng)離子阱質(zhì)譜進行串級質(zhì)譜分析的一個主要難點,顯著提高數(shù)字離子阱質(zhì)譜的性能。

      關(guān)鍵詞 離子阱質(zhì)譜; 數(shù)字離子阱; 串級質(zhì)譜; 低質(zhì)量截止值; 頻率掃描; 質(zhì)量范圍

      1 引 言

      質(zhì)譜儀作為一種可以進行快速、高靈敏化學(xué)成分分析的科學(xué)儀器,應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域越來越廣泛,已成為現(xiàn)代科學(xué)研究,以及生命科學(xué)、環(huán)境污染、食品安全、航天、冶金、地質(zhì)、法醫(yī)等領(lǐng)域中不可或缺的科學(xué)工具[1~5]。

      離子阱質(zhì)譜是近年來被廣泛應(yīng)用的一種質(zhì)譜儀。它除了具有其它質(zhì)譜儀所共有的高靈敏度,高質(zhì)量分辨能力外,還具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,體積小,使用方便等優(yōu)點。離子存儲和串級質(zhì)譜分析是離子阱質(zhì)譜的獨特優(yōu)點之一,它使得人們可以在一種單一的質(zhì)譜儀上同時實現(xiàn)質(zhì)譜分析和串級質(zhì)譜分析,以同時獲得有關(guān)樣品組成和分子結(jié)構(gòu)的多重信息[6~10]。此外,離子阱質(zhì)譜由于其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、易加工、能耗小、工作氣壓高、在單一阱中就能串級質(zhì)譜功能等優(yōu)勢,推動了質(zhì)譜小型化進程[3~5]。

      離子阱質(zhì)譜作串級質(zhì)譜分析也存在明顯缺陷:在分析串級質(zhì)譜結(jié)果時,低于母體離子質(zhì)荷比一定比值的碎片離子測量不到,即所謂的低質(zhì)量截止值(Low mass cutoff, LMCO) [11~15]。近年來,改進低質(zhì)量截止已成為離子阱質(zhì)譜研究中的主要內(nèi)容之一。Yang等[12]通過優(yōu)化qz值的方法實現(xiàn)低質(zhì)量數(shù)碎片離子的檢測;Cunningham 等[13]采用假三重質(zhì)譜分析的方法改進了低質(zhì)量截止的效應(yīng);而Meany等[14]采用脈沖q值解離的方法同樣實現(xiàn)了對離子阱串級質(zhì)譜分析中低質(zhì)量數(shù)碎片產(chǎn)物的有效檢測。Racine 等[16]則通過采用熱解離母體離子的辦法降低離子測量低限。還有一些作者則采用光解離方法解離母體離子[17,18]。這些方法都可以有效地降低碎片離子測量過程中的低質(zhì)量截止的效應(yīng),獲得更多有關(guān)母體離子結(jié)構(gòu)的信息。

      本實驗采用自制的線形數(shù)字離子阱質(zhì)量分析器,通過改變數(shù)碼電源的頻率掃描方式,成功克服了離子阱質(zhì)譜作串級質(zhì)譜分析時所遇到的1/3低質(zhì)量截止特性,實現(xiàn)了對串級質(zhì)譜分析的低質(zhì)量碎片離子的分析。通過與三重四極質(zhì)譜串級質(zhì)譜分析實驗結(jié)果的比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)可以在數(shù)字離子阱質(zhì)譜儀上獲得與三重四極質(zhì)譜相同的串級質(zhì)譜測量結(jié)果。本方法解決了利用離子阱質(zhì)譜進行串級質(zhì)譜分析的一個主要傳統(tǒng)難點,可以顯著提高數(shù)字離子阱質(zhì)譜的性能。

      2 理論分析

      離子阱質(zhì)譜分析中的低質(zhì)量截止值是指用離子阱質(zhì)譜進行串級質(zhì)譜分析時,如果碎片離子是經(jīng)碰撞解離(Collisioninduced dissociation, CID) 方法產(chǎn)生的,則質(zhì)荷比低于母體離子質(zhì)荷比約1/3的碎片離子將無法被檢測到,也常被稱為三分之一定則。很顯然,由于低質(zhì)量截止值的限制,將會導(dǎo)致串級質(zhì)譜分析中約1/3質(zhì)量范圍的碎片信息的丟失。在某些時候,低質(zhì)量數(shù)離子信號的丟失將會直接影響分析小分子的結(jié)構(gòu)和一些多肽的定量分析結(jié)果[12]。

      報道的樣品利血平和五肽經(jīng)三重四極質(zhì)譜的串級質(zhì)譜分析結(jié)果,可以看到其解離得到的碎片離子峰測量結(jié)果完全一致。表明本研究所提出的降低離子阱質(zhì)譜低質(zhì)量截止值(即LMCO)的方法完全可行, 實現(xiàn)了在離子阱質(zhì)量分析器中得到低質(zhì)量數(shù)的碎片離子峰信息, 有助于對母離子峰的性能分析。

      5 結(jié) 論

      在離子阱質(zhì)量分析器中,采用傳統(tǒng)方法實現(xiàn)的碰撞誘導(dǎo)解離得到的利血平碎片譜圖質(zhì)量數(shù)一般只能測到m/z 365。本研究在數(shù)字方波驅(qū)動離子阱的基礎(chǔ)上, 采用從低頻往高頻的掃描模式實現(xiàn)碰撞誘導(dǎo)解離,獲得了利血平低質(zhì)量數(shù)碎片峰,最低可低于m/z 174,同時五肽GlyGlyPheLeuTyr最低碎片峰達到m/z 120,獲得了與三重四極質(zhì)譜儀串級質(zhì)譜同樣的碎片峰分布。本方法有效克服了低質(zhì)量截止值的限制,豐富了用離子阱質(zhì)譜儀進行串級質(zhì)譜分析的分子結(jié)構(gòu)信息,明顯提高了離子阱質(zhì)量分析器串級質(zhì)譜分析的性能。

      References

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      2 Mayer P M, Poon C. Mass Spectrometry Review., 2009, 28(4) : 608-639

      3 Wells J M, McLuckey S A. Biological Mass Spectrometry, 2005, 402: 148-185

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      6 Schwartz J C, Senko M W, Syka J E P. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2002, 13(6): 659-669

      7 Hopfgartner G, Husser C, Zell M. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2003, 38(2): 138-150

      8 Louris J N, Cooks R G, Syka J E P, Kelley P E, Stafford G C, Todd J F J. Anal. Chem., 1987, 59(13): 1677-1685

      9 McLuckey S A. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 1992, 3(6): 599-614

      10 Deng L, Kitova E N, Klassen J S. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2013, 24(5): 988-996

      11 Zhang M Y, Pace N, Kerns E H, Kleintop T, Kagan N, Sakuma T. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2005, 40(8): 1017-1029

      12 Yang Y H, Lee K, Jang K S, Kim Y G, Park S H, Lee C S, Kim B G. Anal. Biochem., 2009, 387(1): 133-135

      13 Cunningham C, Glish G L, Burinsky D J. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2006, 17(1): 81-84

      14 Meany D L, Xie H W, Thompson L V, Arriaga E H, Griffin T J. Proteomics., 2007, 7(7): 1150-1163

      15 March R E. Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer, John Wiley & Sons. Inc.,Publication. New Jersey, 2005: 108

      16 Racine A H, Payne A H, Remes P M, Glish G L. Anal. Chem., 2006, 28(13): 4609-4614

      17 Payne A H, Glish G L. Anal Chem., 2001, 73(15): 3542-3548

      18 Enyenihi A A, Griffiths J R, Glish G L. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2011, 308(23): 260-264

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      Improvement of Low Mass Cutoff Effect Using

      Digital Ion Trap Technology

      XU FuXing1, DING Li1, DAI XinHua2, FANG Xiang*2, DING ChuanFan*1

      1(Department of chemistry and laser Chemistry Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

      2(National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100081, China)

      Abstract The low mass cutoff (LMCO) is the main weakness of ion trap when it performs tandem mass analysis by collision induced dissociation (CID). LMCO means that some daughter ions of m/z are less than about 1/3 of the m/z of parent ion could not be detected during the tandem mass spectrometry processing. A new method which can significantly improve the effect of low mass cutoff was proposed and investigated. By simply changing the scan method of digital potential frequency, some low mass ions can be effectively observed during the tandem mass spectrometric experiment. In the experiment, the frequency of the digital ion trapping power and ion activation power were scanned from lower value to higher value, and some lower mass product ions could be detected during CID process. For example, some lower mass ions were observed during the CID of reserpine precursor ion when the frequency of its digital trapping power was scanned from 500 kHz to 560 kHz. The tandem mass spectra of Reserpine ion showed that the experimental results both from this work and the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were exactly the same.

      Keywords Ion trap mass analyzer; Digital ion trap; Tandem mass analysis; Low mass cutoff; Frequency scanning; Mass range

      (Received 20 December 2013; accepted 2 March 2014)

      Abstract The low mass cutoff (LMCO) is the main weakness of ion trap when it performs tandem mass analysis by collision induced dissociation (CID). LMCO means that some daughter ions of m/z are less than about 1/3 of the m/z of parent ion could not be detected during the tandem mass spectrometry processing. A new method which can significantly improve the effect of low mass cutoff was proposed and investigated. By simply changing the scan method of digital potential frequency, some low mass ions can be effectively observed during the tandem mass spectrometric experiment. In the experiment, the frequency of the digital ion trapping power and ion activation power were scanned from lower value to higher value, and some lower mass product ions could be detected during CID process. For example, some lower mass ions were observed during the CID of reserpine precursor ion when the frequency of its digital trapping power was scanned from 500 kHz to 560 kHz. The tandem mass spectra of Reserpine ion showed that the experimental results both from this work and the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were exactly the same.

      Keywords Ion trap mass analyzer; Digital ion trap; Tandem mass analysis; Low mass cutoff; Frequency scanning; Mass range

      (Received 20 December 2013; accepted 2 March 2014)

      Abstract The low mass cutoff (LMCO) is the main weakness of ion trap when it performs tandem mass analysis by collision induced dissociation (CID). LMCO means that some daughter ions of m/z are less than about 1/3 of the m/z of parent ion could not be detected during the tandem mass spectrometry processing. A new method which can significantly improve the effect of low mass cutoff was proposed and investigated. By simply changing the scan method of digital potential frequency, some low mass ions can be effectively observed during the tandem mass spectrometric experiment. In the experiment, the frequency of the digital ion trapping power and ion activation power were scanned from lower value to higher value, and some lower mass product ions could be detected during CID process. For example, some lower mass ions were observed during the CID of reserpine precursor ion when the frequency of its digital trapping power was scanned from 500 kHz to 560 kHz. The tandem mass spectra of Reserpine ion showed that the experimental results both from this work and the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were exactly the same.

      Keywords Ion trap mass analyzer; Digital ion trap; Tandem mass analysis; Low mass cutoff; Frequency scanning; Mass range

      (Received 20 December 2013; accepted 2 March 2014)

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