王濤 王海燕 徐向明等
摘要:按照流行病學(xué)抽樣的方法,于2009年5月至2011年6月對(duì)江蘇省內(nèi)某個(gè)從未使用過(guò)疫苗的種豬場(chǎng)進(jìn)行豬圓環(huán)病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)抗體的監(jiān)測(cè)。每個(gè)月分別采集1 440份空懷母豬、保育豬、育肥豬的血清樣品,應(yīng)用商品化的ELISA 試劑盒對(duì)PCV2的特異性抗體進(jìn)行血清學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)。監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果表明:空懷母豬、保育豬、育肥豬的血清樣品中PCV2抗體陽(yáng)性率均很高,保育豬的平均陽(yáng)性率為93.6%,可疑率為2.8%,陰性率為3.6%;育肥豬的平均陽(yáng)性率為87.4%,可疑率為4.6%,陰性率為8%;空懷母豬的平均陽(yáng)性率為85.2%,可疑率為4.5%,陰性率為63%。結(jié)果顯示,保育豬和育肥豬的抗體水平比空懷母豬高,表明在沒(méi)有使用疫苗的情況下,豬群中PCV2的感染率很高,需要對(duì)豬群進(jìn)行人為干預(yù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:豬圓環(huán)病毒2型;血清學(xué)調(diào)查;抗體檢測(cè);ELISA;感染率
中圖分類號(hào): S855.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A 文章編號(hào):1002-1302(2014)07-0229-02
收稿日期:2013-09-29
項(xiàng)目基金:江蘇省科技計(jì)劃企業(yè)博士項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):BK2009739);江蘇農(nóng)牧科技職業(yè)學(xué)院博士啟動(dòng)基金(編號(hào):ZD200904);江蘇省泰州市農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):TN1102)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:王濤(1965—),男,江蘇泰州人,碩士,副教授、高級(jí)獸醫(yī)師,主要從事動(dòng)物傳染病和人獸共患病研究。Tel:(0523)86158218;E-mail:wangt61@hotmail.com。
通信作者:王海燕,女,博士,副教授,主要從事動(dòng)物傳染病和人獸共患病研究。Tel:(0523)86158218;E-mail:wanghyyz@hotmail.com。 豬圓環(huán)病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)是近些年新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種豬傳染病。PCV2感染可引起斷奶仔豬多系統(tǒng)衰竭綜合征(post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS)[1]、懷孕母豬繁殖障礙(reproductive failure,RF)[2]、斷奶豬和育肥豬呼吸道疾病(porcinerespiratory disease syndrome,PRDS)[3]、豬皮炎和腎炎綜合征(porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome,PDNS)[4]、幼齡仔豬先天性震顫(congential tremor,CT)[5]等疾病。PCV2感染的發(fā)病率一般為10%~20%,仔豬感染的死亡率較高,耐過(guò)豬發(fā)育受阻[6-7],PCV2感染還可造成豬的免疫抑制,使豬群對(duì)其他病原微生物的抵抗力下降[8]而引起繼發(fā)感染,嚴(yán)重影響?zhàn)B豬業(yè)的發(fā)展。1991年加拿大首次報(bào)道PMWS之后,世界各國(guó)相繼報(bào)道有該病發(fā)生[9-11],PMWS現(xiàn)已成為全球養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中的重要問(wèn)題之一。郎洪武等用ELISA方法檢測(cè)來(lái)自北京、河北、山東、天津、吉林、河南等7?。ㄊ校?2個(gè)豬群的559 份血清,結(jié)果顯示豬的血清樣品中大多存在PCV2 抗體[12];王忠田等用PCR方法對(duì)我國(guó)北京、天津、河北、山東、山西、深圳、廣東等?。ㄊ校┑?2個(gè)規(guī)?;i場(chǎng)發(fā)病豬群進(jìn)行PCV2 感染的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),PCV2感染情況相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重[13]。為了調(diào)查PCV2在未用PCV2疫苗的種豬場(chǎng)的流行情況,本試驗(yàn)用商品化的ELISA方法對(duì)某種豬場(chǎng)不同日齡豬群進(jìn)行了PCV2感染的血清學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè),以期為更好地控制該豬場(chǎng)的PCV2感染的流行提供理論依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗(yàn)材料
被檢血清樣品采自某個(gè)未經(jīng)免疫的自繁自養(yǎng)種豬場(chǎng)內(nèi)不同生長(zhǎng)階段的豬群;豬圓環(huán)病毒ELISA檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自JBT公司檢測(cè)試劑盒(batch:7191001);其他試劑均為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純。
1.2確定樣本采集數(shù)量
收集該種豬場(chǎng)的資料,尤其是不同生長(zhǎng)期豬群體的大小和群體的變動(dòng)情況。采樣時(shí)間分別為2009年5—12月、2010年1月、2010年3—12月、2011年1月、2011年3—6月,共24個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。根據(jù)獲取的信息確定抽樣份數(shù),以了解豬群中的PCV2抗體水平。根據(jù)豬群的大小和預(yù)計(jì)攜帶率確定樣本大小。
1.3血清的分離與PCV2特異性抗體的檢測(cè)
3結(jié)論與討論
本研究采用簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)法采集1 440份不同時(shí)期、不同階段的豬外周血液制備血清,應(yīng)用ELISA法檢測(cè)PCV2抗體,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)抗體陽(yáng)性率很高,可達(dá)90%以上,但不同種類的豬群之間沒(méi)有明顯差異,不同采集時(shí)間之間的差異也不明顯,偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)抗體水平稍低的月份。保育豬的平均陽(yáng)性率為936%,可疑率為2.8%,陰性率為3.6%;育肥豬的平均陽(yáng)性率為87.4%,可疑率為4.6%,陰性率為8%;空懷母豬的平均陽(yáng)性率為85.2%,可疑率為4.5%,陰性率為6.3%。其中保育豬和育肥豬的抗體水平比空懷母豬的抗體水平高。
PCV2是20世紀(jì)90年代開始在歐洲和美洲開始流行起來(lái)的一種新型豬病,該病主要造成斷奶后仔豬衰竭綜合征、皮炎和腎病綜合征等,常與其他病原體一起造成混合感染和發(fā)病,并且可以引起免疫抑制,從而影響其他常用疫苗的免疫效果。由于引種的同時(shí)也將疫病引了進(jìn)來(lái),該病自傳入我國(guó)后在國(guó)內(nèi)的豬群中迅速而廣泛地傳播開來(lái),且很難清除,研究表明,國(guó)內(nèi)的豬群感染率很高[12-14],但在我國(guó)自繁自養(yǎng)的種豬群中調(diào)查還比較少,也沒(méi)有連續(xù)的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),本研究結(jié)果表明,PCV2自傳入我國(guó)后在國(guó)內(nèi)的蔓延范圍非常廣泛,包括了國(guó)內(nèi)的土種豬感染率都很高。
在養(yǎng)豬實(shí)踐中,PCV2疫苗的使用備受爭(zhēng)議,有的豬場(chǎng)使用后效果很好,而有的就很差。因此有很多豬場(chǎng)沒(méi)有使用PCV2疫苗。然而本調(diào)查和以往的調(diào)查均顯示,PCV2的感染率較高[12-14],采取必要的干預(yù)措施勢(shì)在必行,不但需要考慮到新型、高效、安全疫苗的研制和應(yīng)用,也必須采取綜合性生物安全措施。endprint
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]Allan G M,Mcneilly F,Kennedy S,et al. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1998,10(1):3-10.
[2]West K H,Bystrom J M,Wojnarowicz C,et al. Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1999,11(6):530-532.
[3]Harms P A,Halbu P G,Sorden S D. Three cases of porcine respiratory disease complex associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection[J]. Journal of Swine Health and Production,2002,10(1):27-30.
[4]Molnár T,Glávits R,Szeredi L,et al. Occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hungary[J]. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,2002,50(1):5-16.
[5]Stevenson G W,Kiupel M,Mittal S K,et al. Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2001,13(1):57-62.
[6]Kennedy S,Allan G,McNeilly F,et al. Porcine circovirus infection in Northern Ireland[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(18):495-496.
[7]Kiupel M,Stevenson G W,Mittal S K,et al. Circovirus-like viral associated disease in weaned pigs in Indiana[J]. Veterinary Pathology,1998,35(4):303-307.
[8]Sarli G,Mandrioli L,Laurenti M,et al. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS)[J]. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2001,83(1/2):53-67.
[9]Allan G,Meehan B,Todd D,et al. Novel porcine circovirus from pigs with wasting disease syndrome[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(17):467-468.
[10]Elbers A R,Hunneman W A,Vos J H,et al. Increase in PDNS diagnoses in the Netherlands[J]. Veterinary Record,2000,147(11):311.
[11]anasakul-Banlunara A W,Tantilertcharoen R,Suzuk I K,et al. Detection of porcine circovirus 2(PCV2)DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) pigs in Tailand[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science,2002,64(5):449-452.
[12]郎洪武,張廣川,吳發(fā)權(quán),等. 斷奶豬多系統(tǒng)衰弱綜合征血清抗體檢測(cè)[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)科技,2000,30(3):3-5.
[13]王忠田,楊漢春,郭鑫. 規(guī)?;i場(chǎng)豬圓環(huán)病毒2型感染的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)雜志,2002,38(10):3-6.
[14]宋建國(guó),高生智,魏潤(rùn)生. 規(guī)?;i場(chǎng)豬圓環(huán)病毒2型感染的血清學(xué)調(diào)查[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)科技,2004,34(12):28-30.endprint
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]Allan G M,Mcneilly F,Kennedy S,et al. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1998,10(1):3-10.
[2]West K H,Bystrom J M,Wojnarowicz C,et al. Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1999,11(6):530-532.
[3]Harms P A,Halbu P G,Sorden S D. Three cases of porcine respiratory disease complex associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection[J]. Journal of Swine Health and Production,2002,10(1):27-30.
[4]Molnár T,Glávits R,Szeredi L,et al. Occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hungary[J]. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,2002,50(1):5-16.
[5]Stevenson G W,Kiupel M,Mittal S K,et al. Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2001,13(1):57-62.
[6]Kennedy S,Allan G,McNeilly F,et al. Porcine circovirus infection in Northern Ireland[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(18):495-496.
[7]Kiupel M,Stevenson G W,Mittal S K,et al. Circovirus-like viral associated disease in weaned pigs in Indiana[J]. Veterinary Pathology,1998,35(4):303-307.
[8]Sarli G,Mandrioli L,Laurenti M,et al. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS)[J]. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2001,83(1/2):53-67.
[9]Allan G,Meehan B,Todd D,et al. Novel porcine circovirus from pigs with wasting disease syndrome[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(17):467-468.
[10]Elbers A R,Hunneman W A,Vos J H,et al. Increase in PDNS diagnoses in the Netherlands[J]. Veterinary Record,2000,147(11):311.
[11]anasakul-Banlunara A W,Tantilertcharoen R,Suzuk I K,et al. Detection of porcine circovirus 2(PCV2)DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) pigs in Tailand[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science,2002,64(5):449-452.
[12]郎洪武,張廣川,吳發(fā)權(quán),等. 斷奶豬多系統(tǒng)衰弱綜合征血清抗體檢測(cè)[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)科技,2000,30(3):3-5.
[13]王忠田,楊漢春,郭鑫. 規(guī)?;i場(chǎng)豬圓環(huán)病毒2型感染的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)雜志,2002,38(10):3-6.
[14]宋建國(guó),高生智,魏潤(rùn)生. 規(guī)?;i場(chǎng)豬圓環(huán)病毒2型感染的血清學(xué)調(diào)查[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)科技,2004,34(12):28-30.endprint
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]Allan G M,Mcneilly F,Kennedy S,et al. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1998,10(1):3-10.
[2]West K H,Bystrom J M,Wojnarowicz C,et al. Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1999,11(6):530-532.
[3]Harms P A,Halbu P G,Sorden S D. Three cases of porcine respiratory disease complex associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection[J]. Journal of Swine Health and Production,2002,10(1):27-30.
[4]Molnár T,Glávits R,Szeredi L,et al. Occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hungary[J]. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,2002,50(1):5-16.
[5]Stevenson G W,Kiupel M,Mittal S K,et al. Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2001,13(1):57-62.
[6]Kennedy S,Allan G,McNeilly F,et al. Porcine circovirus infection in Northern Ireland[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(18):495-496.
[7]Kiupel M,Stevenson G W,Mittal S K,et al. Circovirus-like viral associated disease in weaned pigs in Indiana[J]. Veterinary Pathology,1998,35(4):303-307.
[8]Sarli G,Mandrioli L,Laurenti M,et al. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS)[J]. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2001,83(1/2):53-67.
[9]Allan G,Meehan B,Todd D,et al. Novel porcine circovirus from pigs with wasting disease syndrome[J]. Veterinary Record,1998,142(17):467-468.
[10]Elbers A R,Hunneman W A,Vos J H,et al. Increase in PDNS diagnoses in the Netherlands[J]. Veterinary Record,2000,147(11):311.
[11]anasakul-Banlunara A W,Tantilertcharoen R,Suzuk I K,et al. Detection of porcine circovirus 2(PCV2)DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) pigs in Tailand[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science,2002,64(5):449-452.
[12]郎洪武,張廣川,吳發(fā)權(quán),等. 斷奶豬多系統(tǒng)衰弱綜合征血清抗體檢測(cè)[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)科技,2000,30(3):3-5.
[13]王忠田,楊漢春,郭鑫. 規(guī)?;i場(chǎng)豬圓環(huán)病毒2型感染的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)雜志,2002,38(10):3-6.
[14]宋建國(guó),高生智,魏潤(rùn)生. 規(guī)模化豬場(chǎng)豬圓環(huán)病毒2型感染的血清學(xué)調(diào)查[J]. 中國(guó)獸醫(yī)科技,2004,34(12):28-30.endprint