胡慈賢 任秋生 王洪等
[摘要] 目的 探討右美托咪定靜脈注射輔助硬膜外神經(jīng)阻滯無痛分娩的有效性以及安全性。方法 單胎足月產(chǎn)婦40例,隨機(jī)分為兩組。C組(n=20):硬膜外穿刺置管注入局麻藥(0.125%羅哌卡因與芬太尼1.5 μg/mL)10 mL后實(shí)施 PCEA,單次劑量4 mL,鎖定時(shí)間15 min,背景劑量4 mL/h;D組(n=20):常規(guī)硬膜外阻滯外輔助靜脈注射右美托咪定0.2 μg/(kg·h)。監(jiān)測(cè)ECG、RR、BP、SpO2,視覺模擬評(píng)分評(píng)估鎮(zhèn)痛效果并觀察記錄產(chǎn)程進(jìn)展、新生兒情況及不良反應(yīng)。 結(jié)果 第一、二產(chǎn)程組間VAS評(píng)分D組優(yōu)于C組(P<0.05),各組新生兒各時(shí)點(diǎn) Apagr評(píng)分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;第二產(chǎn)程C組的時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)(P<0.05);產(chǎn)婦的生命體征、宮縮及胎心組間無顯著性差異。結(jié)論 靜脈注射右美托咪定可以優(yōu)化傳統(tǒng)無痛分娩模式,減少PCEA用藥量,產(chǎn)婦在分娩時(shí)更加舒適。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 右美托咪定;硬膜外神經(jīng)阻滯;無痛分娩
[中圖分類號(hào)] R614 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2014)23-0058-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine intravenous assisted epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia. Methods Forty full term puerperant who had a single fetus were randomly divided into two groups, Group C(n=20), a catheter was advanced into epidural space,anesthetic drugs(0.125% ropivacaine with fentanyl 1.5 μg/mL)of 10 ml was infused,then implement PCEA(bolus 4 mL with 15 min lockout interval,background infusion 4mL/h).Group D(n=20)assisted the routine epidural block anesthesia with intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine,which was infused 0.2 μg/(kg·h). ECG,RR,BP,SpO2,analgesic effect were assessed by VAS,labor process,mode of delivery,Apgar score of neonates and side effects of analgesia were recorded. Results The VAS during the first and second stages of labor in group D were better than group C(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in Apar score between two groups. The second stage of labor in group C had an extended period of time(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in vital signs,fetal heart rate and uterine contraction between two groups. Conclusion Intravenous dexmedetomidine can optimize the traditional labor analgesia mode and reduce the dosage of PCEA.The puerperants can be more comfortable and effective in accouchement.
[Key words] Dexmedetomidine; Epidural anesthesia; Labor analgesia
產(chǎn)婦分娩過程是一個(gè)劇烈疼痛的生理過程[1],無痛分娩能夠有效減輕分娩疼痛,輔助產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行分娩。分娩鎮(zhèn)痛方法有精神法鎮(zhèn)痛、藥物鎮(zhèn)痛、溫水浴分娩鎮(zhèn)痛[2]以及電刺激分娩鎮(zhèn)痛[3]、穴位配合麻醉鎮(zhèn)痛藥進(jìn)行無痛分娩等,但是這些鎮(zhèn)痛方法并不能明顯地緩解分娩劇痛,低濃度局麻藥硬膜外神經(jīng)阻滯能有效阻滯疼痛感覺,又不影響產(chǎn)婦活動(dòng),成為較為理想的鎮(zhèn)痛方法[4]。但在實(shí)際臨床應(yīng)用中仍會(huì)出現(xiàn)鎮(zhèn)痛不足或部分運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)阻滯等問題,或者因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)婦長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的分娩而產(chǎn)生疲勞不能耐受,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)程延長(zhǎng)。有報(bào)道應(yīng)用瑞芬太尼代替芬太尼作為硬膜外無痛分娩的鎮(zhèn)痛藥物[5],可改善鎮(zhèn)痛效果。但麻醉藥劑在產(chǎn)科的的選擇中十分慎重, 有些麻醉藥劑會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響新生兒呼吸循環(huán),影響到新生兒的轉(zhuǎn)歸[6]。右美托咪定是一種α2-腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑,具有抗交感、鎮(zhèn)靜和鎮(zhèn)痛的作用[7]。Palanisamy等[8]對(duì)數(shù)例硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛不能耐受的產(chǎn)婦嘗試使用右美托咪定輔助無痛分娩,取得了較好的鎮(zhèn)痛效果,且未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的新生兒呼吸抑制作用。本研究將探討靜脈注射右美托咪啶輔助用于硬膜外神經(jīng)阻滯無痛分娩的鎮(zhèn)痛效果,并對(duì)新生兒娩出后基本身體狀況Apagar評(píng)分的影響。
1資料與方法
1.1臨床資料
選擇我院2012年10月~2013年8月自愿接受分娩鎮(zhèn)痛足月初產(chǎn)婦 40例。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡18~40歲,ASA分級(jí)Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí),妊娠≥36 周,頭先露,宮頸擴(kuò)張≤5 cm,鎮(zhèn)痛前VAS≥30 mm。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):局麻藥過敏、神經(jīng)病學(xué)或神經(jīng)肌肉病變、心理障礙、血液凝血異常、體重≥90 kg、身高≤150 cm、已知胎兒異常、先兆子癇以及多胎妊娠者。將40例患者隨機(jī)分為兩組,兩組一般資料比較無明顯差異(表1)。對(duì)照組(C組,n=20)采用硬膜外神經(jīng)阻滯PCEA鎮(zhèn)痛,右美托咪定組(D組,n=20)在硬膜外神經(jīng)阻滯PCEA鎮(zhèn)痛基礎(chǔ)上輔助右美托咪定靜脈注射。endprint