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      窄帶成像技術(shù)在大腸息肉診斷中的臨床應(yīng)用

      2014-09-02 04:36陳慧芳劉志軍劉微
      中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2014年23期
      關(guān)鍵詞:臨床應(yīng)用

      陳慧芳 劉志軍 劉微

      [摘要] 目的 探討窄帶成像技術(shù)在大腸息肉診斷中的臨床價(jià)值。 方法 2010年1月~2013年6月常規(guī)結(jié)腸鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)88例110個(gè)直結(jié)腸息肉樣病變,應(yīng)用窄帶及放大內(nèi)鏡觀察其腺管開口類型,研究其與病理組織學(xué)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 NBI放大內(nèi)鏡對(duì)結(jié)腸腫瘤性病變的診斷符合率為91.8%,敏感性為91.4%,特異性為92.0%,準(zhǔn)確性優(yōu)于普通內(nèi)鏡,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 應(yīng)用窄帶及放大內(nèi)鏡觀察結(jié)腸息肉的腺管開口類型,對(duì)息肉樣病變的腫瘤性、非腫瘤性可更好地鑒別,接近病理學(xué)檢查。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 窄帶成像;大腸息肉;臨床應(yīng)用

      [中圖分類號(hào)] R735.34 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2014)23-0149-03

      [Abstract] Objective To approach the efficacy of narrow-band imaging(NBI) in colonic polyps. Methods All 110 colonic polyps of 88 patients were discovered by conventional colonoscopy from January 2010 to June 2013. The pit pattern were observed by NBI and magnifying endoscope,and analyzed the relation of the pit pattern and histopathology. Results The diagnose accordance rate of NBI and magnifying endoscope in colonic polyps was 91.8%,sensitivity was 91.4%,specificity was 92.0%,accuracy was better than ordinary endoscope, but had no statisticantly different. Conclusion NBI is superior to conventional colonoscopy in differentiation between neoplasm and non-neoplasm by observing the pit pattern.

      [Key words] NBI magnifying endoscope;Colonic polyps;Clinical application

      結(jié)腸鏡檢查可發(fā)現(xiàn)大腸癌、大腸腫瘤性息肉及非腫瘤性息肉,而大部分大腸癌由結(jié)腸息肉演變而來,結(jié)腸鏡下息肉切除術(shù)可有效地減少結(jié)腸癌死亡率[1]。內(nèi)鏡窄帶成像技術(shù)(narrow band imaging,NBI)的突出優(yōu)勢(shì)在于對(duì)消化道黏膜表面細(xì)微形態(tài)的清晰顯示,可使一些普通內(nèi)鏡難以發(fā)現(xiàn)的病灶突顯出來,有助于提高消化道癌及其癌前病變的檢出率[2]。本文我們對(duì)2010年1月~2013年6月發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)腸息肉應(yīng)用窄帶及放大技術(shù)進(jìn)行觀察其腺管開口類型(pit pattern),研究其與病理組織學(xué)的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下。

      1資料與方法

      1.1臨床資料

      2010年1月~2013年6月常規(guī)結(jié)腸鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)88例110個(gè)直結(jié)腸息肉樣病變,其中男58例,女30例,年齡24~85歲,平均(56.6±15.12)歲。臨床表現(xiàn)包括便血、腹瀉、腹痛、便秘、消瘦和血癌胚抗原(CEA)升高等。

      1.2檢查方法

      1.2.1 器械 所有患者均采用Olympus GIF H260Z放大結(jié)腸鏡與NBI模式檢查。

      1.2.2 術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備 術(shù)前當(dāng)天4 h口服50%硫酸鎂100 mL及口服補(bǔ)液鹽1000~1500 mL做腸道清潔準(zhǔn)備。

      1.2.3 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 腺管分型采用工藤Kudo分類方法[3],分為Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢS、ⅢL、Ⅳ及Ⅴ型。將Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型腺管開口判斷為非腫瘤性病變,Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ型腺管開口定義為腫瘤性病變。

      1.2.4 病變最終診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 依據(jù)病理組織學(xué)診斷。

      1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

      應(yīng)用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用多組間χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 結(jié)腸息肉腺管開口類型與病理組織學(xué)的關(guān)系

      110枚息肉應(yīng)用NBI放大結(jié)腸鏡觀察,按腺管開口類型登記,并活檢送病理組織學(xué)檢查(表1、圖1)。

      3 討論

      結(jié)腸癌是一種常見的消化道惡性腫瘤,結(jié)腸鏡檢查可以減少結(jié)腸癌的死亡率,常規(guī)內(nèi)鏡附加NBI功能可對(duì)黏膜表面形態(tài)、黏膜微血管的清楚顯像,特別是加上NBI技術(shù)對(duì)血管的清楚顯像能力,能明顯提高內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師對(duì)腫瘤的早期識(shí)別[4]。Ikematsu H等[5]隨機(jī)將患者分兩組先后使用NBI結(jié)腸鏡及普通結(jié)腸鏡檢查比較發(fā)現(xiàn),NBI結(jié)腸鏡不能提高腺瘤性息肉的發(fā)現(xiàn)率,表明使用NBI技術(shù)對(duì)患者腸道息肉發(fā)現(xiàn)率無明顯改變,所以NBI技術(shù)不提倡應(yīng)用于常規(guī)腸鏡檢查,但有助于腸道息肉性質(zhì)的判定。

      病理學(xué)將結(jié)直腸黏膜息肉樣病變分為腫瘤性和非腫瘤性息肉,以往鑒別息肉需經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡活檢行病理學(xué)檢查,需要數(shù)天才能獲得結(jié)果,因此臨床需要能依據(jù)內(nèi)鏡下形態(tài)學(xué)變化判斷病變性質(zhì)。上世紀(jì)90年代Kudo等[3,6]明確了放大內(nèi)鏡下大腸黏膜腺管開口的5個(gè)分型:Ⅰ型為圓形,常見于正常黏膜;Ⅱ型為星芒狀或乳頭狀開口,較正常腺管開口變大,常見于增生性病變; Ⅲ型分為 L型和 S 型兩個(gè)亞型,前者腺管開口呈管狀或類圓形,較正常腺管開口大,常見于腺瘤,多為隆起性病變;后者腺管開口呈管狀或類圓形,較正常腺管開口小,常見于腺瘤或早期結(jié)腸癌。Ⅳ型腺管開口呈分支狀、腦回狀或溝回狀,常見于絨毛狀腺瘤;V型分為Ⅰ型和 N型兩個(gè)亞型,前者腺管開口排列不規(guī)則,大小不均,常見于早期結(jié)腸癌;后者腺管開口消失或無結(jié)構(gòu),多為浸潤(rùn)癌。將Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型腺管開口判斷為非腫瘤性病變,Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ型腺管開口定義為腫瘤性病變。endprint

      本研究結(jié)果表明,采用工藤Kudo分類方法進(jìn)行腺管分型,腺管分型對(duì)病變性質(zhì)的判斷與病理診斷有較高的一致性,準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)91.8%,能較準(zhǔn)確判斷病變的性質(zhì),敏感性為91.4%,特異性為92.0%,準(zhǔn)確性優(yōu)于普通腸鏡檢查,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相似[7-9],說明NBI對(duì)判斷病變是否為腫瘤性病變有很高的準(zhǔn)確性、敏感度和特異性,對(duì)腫瘤性病變判斷準(zhǔn)確率高。同時(shí)Wu L等[10]指出NBI結(jié)腸鏡通過觀察息肉的血管紋理及黏膜開口對(duì)腫瘤性息肉具有很高的準(zhǔn)確診斷性。雖然NBI對(duì)腫瘤性病變判斷準(zhǔn)確率高,但仍不能代替病理檢查,目前染色放大內(nèi)鏡及共聚焦顯微內(nèi)鏡對(duì)腸道息肉性質(zhì)的辨認(rèn)也是研究熱門。Shahid MW等[11]研究指出共聚焦顯微內(nèi)鏡比NBI內(nèi)鏡對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)小息肉病理類型有更高的敏感性,但沒有NBI特異性強(qiáng),聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可提高病理診斷符合率。

      NBI操作簡(jiǎn)便,在常規(guī)內(nèi)鏡檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)病變后,用NBI模式觀察病變表面的腺管結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài),對(duì)于結(jié)腸息肉樣病變的腫瘤、非腫瘤,結(jié)腸腺瘤及結(jié)腸癌的鑒別具有很好的診斷能力,但仍需要更多的研究,尚不能取代病理檢查,聯(lián)合多種內(nèi)鏡檢查技術(shù)可提高病理診斷符合率。

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

      [1] Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, OBrien MJ,et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths[J]. N Engl J Med,2012,366:687-696.

      [2] 高孝忠,褚衍六,喬秀麗,等. 內(nèi)鏡窄帶成像技術(shù)在早期胃癌及異型增生診斷中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中華消化內(nèi)鏡雜志,2009,26:134-137.

      [3] Kudo S,Tamura S,Nakajima T,et al. Diagnosis of colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,1996,44:8-14.

      [4] East JE,Tan EK,Bergman JJ,et al. Meta-analysis:Narrow band imaging for lesion characterization in the colon,oesophagus,duodenal ampulla and lung[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2008,28(7):854.

      [5] Ikematsu H,Saito Y,Tanaka S,et al. The impact of narrow band imaging for colon polyp detection:A multicenter randomized controlled trial by tandem colonoscopy[J]. J Gastroenterol,2012,47(10):1099-1107.

      [6] Kudo S, Kashida H, Nakajima T,et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer[J]. World J Surg,1997,2l(7):694-701.

      [7] Mc Gill SK,Evanqelou E,Loannidis JP,et al. Narrow band imaging to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps in real time:A meta-analysis of diagnostic operating characteristics[J]. Gut,2013,62(12):1704-1713.

      [8] Hewett DG,Huffman ME,Rex DK. Leaving distal colorectal hyperplastic polyps in place can be achieved with high accuracy by using narrow-band imaging:An observational study[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,2012,76(2):374-380.

      [9] Kato S,F(xiàn)u KI,Sano Y,et al. Magnifying colonoscopy as a non-biopsy technique for differnerial diagnosis of non-neplastic and neoplastic lesions[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12:1416-1420.

      [10] Wu L,Li Y,Li Z,et al. Diagnostic accuracy of narrow-band imaging for the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps:A meta-analysis[J]. Colorectal Dis,2013,15(1):3-11.

      [11] Shahid MW,Buchner AM,Heckman MG, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and narrow band imaging for small colorectal polyps:A feasibility study[J]. Am J Gastroenterol,2012, 107(2):231-239.

      (收稿日期:2014-04-16)endprint

      本研究結(jié)果表明,采用工藤Kudo分類方法進(jìn)行腺管分型,腺管分型對(duì)病變性質(zhì)的判斷與病理診斷有較高的一致性,準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)91.8%,能較準(zhǔn)確判斷病變的性質(zhì),敏感性為91.4%,特異性為92.0%,準(zhǔn)確性優(yōu)于普通腸鏡檢查,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相似[7-9],說明NBI對(duì)判斷病變是否為腫瘤性病變有很高的準(zhǔn)確性、敏感度和特異性,對(duì)腫瘤性病變判斷準(zhǔn)確率高。同時(shí)Wu L等[10]指出NBI結(jié)腸鏡通過觀察息肉的血管紋理及黏膜開口對(duì)腫瘤性息肉具有很高的準(zhǔn)確診斷性。雖然NBI對(duì)腫瘤性病變判斷準(zhǔn)確率高,但仍不能代替病理檢查,目前染色放大內(nèi)鏡及共聚焦顯微內(nèi)鏡對(duì)腸道息肉性質(zhì)的辨認(rèn)也是研究熱門。Shahid MW等[11]研究指出共聚焦顯微內(nèi)鏡比NBI內(nèi)鏡對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)小息肉病理類型有更高的敏感性,但沒有NBI特異性強(qiáng),聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可提高病理診斷符合率。

      NBI操作簡(jiǎn)便,在常規(guī)內(nèi)鏡檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)病變后,用NBI模式觀察病變表面的腺管結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài),對(duì)于結(jié)腸息肉樣病變的腫瘤、非腫瘤,結(jié)腸腺瘤及結(jié)腸癌的鑒別具有很好的診斷能力,但仍需要更多的研究,尚不能取代病理檢查,聯(lián)合多種內(nèi)鏡檢查技術(shù)可提高病理診斷符合率。

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

      [1] Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, OBrien MJ,et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths[J]. N Engl J Med,2012,366:687-696.

      [2] 高孝忠,褚衍六,喬秀麗,等. 內(nèi)鏡窄帶成像技術(shù)在早期胃癌及異型增生診斷中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中華消化內(nèi)鏡雜志,2009,26:134-137.

      [3] Kudo S,Tamura S,Nakajima T,et al. Diagnosis of colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,1996,44:8-14.

      [4] East JE,Tan EK,Bergman JJ,et al. Meta-analysis:Narrow band imaging for lesion characterization in the colon,oesophagus,duodenal ampulla and lung[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2008,28(7):854.

      [5] Ikematsu H,Saito Y,Tanaka S,et al. The impact of narrow band imaging for colon polyp detection:A multicenter randomized controlled trial by tandem colonoscopy[J]. J Gastroenterol,2012,47(10):1099-1107.

      [6] Kudo S, Kashida H, Nakajima T,et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer[J]. World J Surg,1997,2l(7):694-701.

      [7] Mc Gill SK,Evanqelou E,Loannidis JP,et al. Narrow band imaging to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps in real time:A meta-analysis of diagnostic operating characteristics[J]. Gut,2013,62(12):1704-1713.

      [8] Hewett DG,Huffman ME,Rex DK. Leaving distal colorectal hyperplastic polyps in place can be achieved with high accuracy by using narrow-band imaging:An observational study[J]. Gastrointest Endosc,2012,76(2):374-380.

      [9] Kato S,F(xiàn)u KI,Sano Y,et al. Magnifying colonoscopy as a non-biopsy technique for differnerial diagnosis of non-neplastic and neoplastic lesions[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12:1416-1420.

      [10] Wu L,Li Y,Li Z,et al. Diagnostic accuracy of narrow-band imaging for the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps:A meta-analysis[J]. Colorectal Dis,2013,15(1):3-11.

      [11] Shahid MW,Buchner AM,Heckman MG, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and narrow band imaging for small colorectal polyps:A feasibility study[J]. Am J Gastroenterol,2012, 107(2):231-239.

      (收稿日期:2014-04-16)endprint

      本研究結(jié)果表明,采用工藤Kudo分類方法進(jìn)行腺管分型,腺管分型對(duì)病變性質(zhì)的判斷與病理診斷有較高的一致性,準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)91.8%,能較準(zhǔn)確判斷病變的性質(zhì),敏感性為91.4%,特異性為92.0%,準(zhǔn)確性優(yōu)于普通腸鏡檢查,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相似[7-9],說明NBI對(duì)判斷病變是否為腫瘤性病變有很高的準(zhǔn)確性、敏感度和特異性,對(duì)腫瘤性病變判斷準(zhǔn)確率高。同時(shí)Wu L等[10]指出NBI結(jié)腸鏡通過觀察息肉的血管紋理及黏膜開口對(duì)腫瘤性息肉具有很高的準(zhǔn)確診斷性。雖然NBI對(duì)腫瘤性病變判斷準(zhǔn)確率高,但仍不能代替病理檢查,目前染色放大內(nèi)鏡及共聚焦顯微內(nèi)鏡對(duì)腸道息肉性質(zhì)的辨認(rèn)也是研究熱門。Shahid MW等[11]研究指出共聚焦顯微內(nèi)鏡比NBI內(nèi)鏡對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)小息肉病理類型有更高的敏感性,但沒有NBI特異性強(qiáng),聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可提高病理診斷符合率。

      NBI操作簡(jiǎn)便,在常規(guī)內(nèi)鏡檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)病變后,用NBI模式觀察病變表面的腺管結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài),對(duì)于結(jié)腸息肉樣病變的腫瘤、非腫瘤,結(jié)腸腺瘤及結(jié)腸癌的鑒別具有很好的診斷能力,但仍需要更多的研究,尚不能取代病理檢查,聯(lián)合多種內(nèi)鏡檢查技術(shù)可提高病理診斷符合率。

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

      [1] Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, OBrien MJ,et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths[J]. N Engl J Med,2012,366:687-696.

      [2] 高孝忠,褚衍六,喬秀麗,等. 內(nèi)鏡窄帶成像技術(shù)在早期胃癌及異型增生診斷中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中華消化內(nèi)鏡雜志,2009,26:134-137.

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      (收稿日期:2014-04-16)endprint

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