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      人類免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型B'亞型感染者人類白細(xì)胞抗原Ⅰ類基因?qū)Σ《据d量的影響

      2014-09-17 17:51:42馬永莉陳燕麗郝金娟阮玉華邵一鳴洪坤學(xué)
      關(guān)鍵詞:人類免疫缺陷病毒感染

      馬永莉++++++陳燕麗++++++郝金娟++++++阮玉華++++++邵一鳴++++++洪坤學(xué)

      [摘要] 目的 探討人類免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)B′亞型感染者人類白細(xì)胞抗原(HLA)-A、-B、-C位點(diǎn)等位基因的分布及其對(duì)病毒載量的影響。 方法 對(duì)146例HIV-1B′亞型感染者采用聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-序列特異性引物(PCR-SSP)擴(kuò)增方法進(jìn)行HLA-A、-B、-C位點(diǎn)等位基因檢測(cè),計(jì)算各位點(diǎn)等位基因的頻率及其對(duì)感染者病毒載量的影響。 結(jié)果 在146例HIV-1B′亞型感染者中分別檢出HLA-A位點(diǎn)14個(gè)等位基因,-B位點(diǎn)24個(gè)等位基因,-Cw位點(diǎn)12個(gè)等位基因,其中頻率大于0.1的等位基因?yàn)镠LA-A*02,-A*11,-A*24,-A*30,-B*13,-B*40,-B*51,-Cw*03,-Cw*06,-Cw*08;HLA-A、-B、-C等位基因純合子攜帶者的病毒載量高于雜合子(P=0.0013);HLA-A*03(P=0.0314)、-A*30(P=0.0072)、-B*13(P=0.0087)、-Cw*06(P=0.0145)等位基因攜帶者具有較低病毒載量。 結(jié)論 HIV-1B′亞型感染者HLA-A*03、-A*30、-B*13、-Cw*06等位基因與低病毒載量相關(guān)。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 人類免疫缺陷病毒;人類白細(xì)胞抗原;病毒載量;感染

      [中圖分類號(hào)] R117[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A[文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2014)06(c)-0009-04

      Impact of HLA class Ⅰ alleles on viral load in HIV-1 B′ infected individuals

      MA Yongli CHEN Yanli HAO Jinjuan RUAN Yuhua SHAO Yiming HONG Kunxue▲

      National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China

      [Abstract] Objective To study the distribution of HLA-A, -B, and C alleles in HIV-1 B′infected individuals and to analyze its impact on HIV-1 viral load. Methods 146 HIV-1 infected individuals were recruited and their HLA-A, -B, and C alleles were genotyped using PCR-SSP technique. Allele frequencies and association of HLA-A, -B, and C alleles with HIV-1 viral loads were also analyzed. Results 14 HLA-A allels, 24 HLA-B allels, and 12 HLA-Cw allels were detected in 146 HIV-1 B' infected individuals. Of them, HLA-A*02, -A*11, -A*24, -A*30, -B*13, -B*40, -B*51, - Cw*03, -Cw*06, -Cw*08 were among the most common alleles with frequencies above 0.1; subjects homozygous at HLA class Ⅰ loci had higher viral loads (P=0.0013), subjects carrying HLA-A*03 (P=0.0314), -A*30 (P=0.0072), -B*13 (P=0.0087) and -Cw*06 (P=0.0145) alleles had lower viral loads. Conclusion HLA-A*03, -A*30, -B*13 and -Cw*06 alleles may associate with lower viral loads in HIV-1 B′infected individuals.

      [Key words] Human immunodeficiency virus; Human leukocyte antigen; Viral load; Infection

      人類白細(xì)胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)基因影響人類免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者的病毒復(fù)制,有研究報(bào)道攜帶HLA-B*27,-B*57等位基因的HIV感染者病毒載量較低,多表現(xiàn)為緩慢疾病進(jìn)程,而HLA-B*35,-B*08,-B*56等位基因則與HIV-1感染者的疾病快速進(jìn)展相關(guān)[1-2]。HLA不同等位基因?qū)IV病毒復(fù)制影響的差異可能與其提呈HIV保護(hù)性或非保護(hù)性抗原表位,從而激發(fā)具有細(xì)胞毒作用的CD8+T細(xì)胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)免疫應(yīng)答的能力不同有關(guān)[3-4]。然而HLA基因?qū)IV-1病毒復(fù)制和感染者疾病進(jìn)展的作用受不同人群特定的遺傳背景的影響,目前在不同地區(qū)不同種族人群中的研究結(jié)果并不完全一致[5]。本研究探討了146例未接受抗病毒治療的B′亞型HIV-1感染者的HLA Ⅰ類等位基因分布,并分析了該感染人群HLA Ⅰ類等位基因?qū)IV-1病毒載量的影響。

      1 對(duì)象與方法

      1.1 研究對(duì)象

      根據(jù)知情同意原則從HIV-1B′亞型感染人群中招募146例未經(jīng)抗病毒治療者,所有病例均經(jīng)HIV抗體初篩和確證試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)陽(yáng)性,其中男82例,女64例,年齡22~60歲,平均(47.6±10.2)歲。采集EDTA抗凝靜脈血標(biāo)本5 mL,常規(guī)分裝全血和血漿,-80℃保存?zhèn)溆?。研究方案?jīng)中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心性病艾滋病預(yù)防控制中心倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。患者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。

      1.2 HLA基因分型

      提取全血基因組DNA,并應(yīng)用聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-序列特異性引物擴(kuò)增(PCR-SSP)試劑盒(HLA-ABC SSP MorganTM)進(jìn)行HLA基因分型。

      1.3 病毒載量測(cè)定

      使用羅氏公司HIV-1定量檢測(cè)試劑盒(COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test)檢測(cè)血漿病毒載量,定量測(cè)定的檢出限為50拷貝/mL。

      1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

      使用SigmaPlot 10.0和GraphPad Prism 5.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和作圖,攜帶或不攜帶HLA純合子、攜帶或不攜帶某HLA等位基因的感染者間病毒載量的差異分析用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 研究對(duì)象中HLA-A、-B、-C位點(diǎn)等位基因的多態(tài)性分布

      endprint

      本研究在146例HIV-1感染者中分別檢出HLA-A位點(diǎn)14個(gè)等位基因,-B位點(diǎn)24個(gè)等位基因,-Cw位點(diǎn)12個(gè)等位基因,其中頻率大于0.1的高頻率的等位基因?yàn)镠LA-A*02,-A*11,A*24,A*30,-B*13,-B*40,-B*51,- Cw*03,-Cw*06,-Cw*08,研究人群中HLA-A、B、C位點(diǎn)等位基因呈現(xiàn)多樣性分布(圖1)。

      2.2HLA-Ⅰ類基因與病毒載量的相關(guān)性

      分別對(duì)HLA-A、B、C位點(diǎn)等位基因和病毒載量關(guān)聯(lián)性進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示攜帶或不攜帶HLA純合子的HIV感染者的病毒載量差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.0013),HLA純合子感染者的病毒載量高(圖2)。攜帶HLA-A*03(P=0.0314),-A*30(P=0.0072),-B*13(P=0.0087),和-Cw*06(P=0.0145)等位基因的HIV感染者病毒載量低于不攜帶相應(yīng)基因者(圖3)。

      3 討論

      HLA等位基因控制HIV病毒復(fù)制的的保護(hù)性作用機(jī)制尚未完全清楚,以往有關(guān)的研究多集中于對(duì)攜帶HLA-B*27和HLA-B*57等位基因的HIV感染者進(jìn)行分析,研究結(jié)果提示這種保護(hù)性效應(yīng)可能與HLA-B*27和HLA-B*57限制識(shí)別的表位及其誘發(fā)的CTL應(yīng)答特征相關(guān)[6],其中HLA-B*27識(shí)別的免疫顯性表位KK10(KRWIILLNK263~272)和HLA-B*57識(shí)別的免疫顯性表位TW10(TSTLQEQIGW240~249)位于序列相對(duì)保守的p24Gag區(qū),其所誘導(dǎo)的特異性CTL應(yīng)答呈現(xiàn)多功能特征(CD107a,IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-2,MIP-1β),這種多功能的CTL應(yīng)答與病毒復(fù)制的控制顯著相關(guān)[7]。新近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)HLA-B*27還能結(jié)合Leu268Met的KK10表位突變體,且所誘導(dǎo)的攜帶TRBV6-5 TRBJ1-1基序T細(xì)胞受體的CTL克隆能交叉識(shí)別野生型及突變型KK10表位,進(jìn)一步說明HLA-B*27的保護(hù)性效應(yīng)與其結(jié)合的KK10表位誘導(dǎo)的特異性CTL效應(yīng)相關(guān)[8]。但本研究未觀察到HLA-B*27和HLA-B*57與病毒載量相關(guān)的保護(hù)性效應(yīng),這可能是這兩個(gè)等位基因在亞洲人群中的頻率低所致[5]。

      本研究人群中檢出的高頻率等位基因?yàn)镠LA-A*02、-A*11、-A*24、-A*30、-B*13、-B*40、-B*51、-Cw*03、-Cw*06、-Cw*08,符合我國(guó)漢族人群HLA-Ⅰ類等位基因的分布特點(diǎn)。對(duì)HIV-1B′亞型感染者的分析結(jié)果表明攜帶HLA-Ⅰ類等位基因純合子感染者的病毒載量較高(P=0.0013),這與以往的研究報(bào)道一致,表明HLA-Ⅰ類等位基因純合狀態(tài)不利于控制病毒的復(fù)制和疾病的發(fā)展。HLA雜合子則可能通過遞呈更多的CTL表位而誘導(dǎo)廣譜的CTL免疫反應(yīng),有利于控制病毒通過序列變異逃逸感染者體內(nèi)CTL的識(shí)別與殺傷,因而在控制HIV感染者病毒復(fù)制和疾病進(jìn)展中表現(xiàn)出一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)[9-10]。各等位基因與病毒載量相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明攜帶HLA-A*03、-A*30、-B*13、-Cw*06等位基因的感染者分別比不攜帶相應(yīng)HLA等位基因的感染者的病毒載量低,其中HLA-B*13的保護(hù)性作用以往有報(bào)道,其與低病毒載量相關(guān)的保護(hù)性作用與其識(shí)別的表位誘導(dǎo)的CTL應(yīng)答多功能特征密切相關(guān)[11]。HLA-A*03、-A*30、-Cw*06這三個(gè)等位基因與低病毒載量相關(guān)的保護(hù)性作用研究尚少,但有報(bào)道表明我國(guó)漢族人群中HLA-A*30-B*13-Cw*06處于連鎖不平衡狀態(tài),因而需要進(jìn)一步的研究明確HLA- A*30、-Cw*06在HIV-1B′亞型感染者中與低病毒載量相關(guān)是否由于與HLA- B*13連鎖所致[12]。

      本研究表明HIV-1B′亞型感染者HLA-A*03、-A*30、-B*13、-Cw*06等位基因攜帶者病毒載量較低,這種關(guān)聯(lián)可能與不同HLA-Ⅰ類分子提呈HIV保護(hù)性或非保護(hù)性抗原表位能力存在差異,從而激發(fā)具有細(xì)胞毒作用的CTL免疫應(yīng)答的能力不同有關(guān)[13-14]。這為進(jìn)一步深入鑒定相關(guān)HLA等位基因限制的CTL表位及探討其在控制HIV病毒感染復(fù)制中的作用機(jī)制提供了基礎(chǔ)。

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

      [1]De Groot N,Heijmans CM,Zoet YM,et al. AIDS-protective HLA-B*27/B*57 and chimpanzee MHC class I molecules target analogous conserved areas of HIV-1/SIVcpz [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2010,107(34):15175-15180.

      [2]Carrington M,Walker B. Immunogenetics of Spontaneous control of HIV [J]. Annu Rev Med,2012,63:131-145.

      [3]Kawashima Y,Pfafferott K,F(xiàn)rater J,et al. Adaptation of HIV-1 to human leukocyte antigen class Ⅰ[J]. Nature,2009,458(7238):641-645.

      [4]Kiepiela P,Ngumbela K,Thobakgale C,et al. CD8+ T-cell responses to different HIV proteins have discordant associations with viral load [J]. Nat Med,2007,13: 46-53.

      [5]Naruto T,Gatanaga H,Nelson G,et al. HLA class Ⅰ-mediated control of HIV-1 in the Japanese population,in which the protective HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27 alleles are absent [J]. Journal of virology,2012,86(19):10870-10872.

      [6]Goulder PJ,Walker BD. HIV and HLA Class Ⅰ: An evolving relationship [J]. Immunity,2012,37:426-440.

      [7]Harari A,Cellerai C,Enders FB,et al. Skewed association of polyfunctional antigen-specific CD8+ T cell populations with HLA-B genotype [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007, 104(41):16233-16238.

      [8]Ladell K,Hashimoto M,IgIesias M,et al. A molecular basis for the control of preimmune escape variants by HIV-specific CD8+ T cells [J]. Immunity,2013,38:425-436.

      endprint

      [9]Carrington M,O'Brien SJ. The influence of HLA genotype on AIDS [J]. Annu Rev Med,2003,54:535-551.

      [10]Goulder PJ,Watkins DI. Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication [J]. Nat Rev Immunol,2008,8:619-630.

      [11]Honeyborne I,Prendergast A,Pereyra F,et al. Control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is associated with HLA-B13 and targeting of multiple gag-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes [J]. Journal of virology,2007,81(7):3667-3672.

      [12]Zhang H,Zhao B,Han X,et al. Associations of HLA class I antigen specificities and haplotypes with disease progression in HIV-1-infected Hans in northern China[J]. Hum Immunol,2013,74(12):1636-1642.

      [13]Roider J,Kalteis AL,Vollbrecht T,et al. Adaptation of CD8 T Cell responses to changing HIV-1 sequences in a cohort of HIV-1 infected not selected for a certain HLA allele [J]. PLoS ONE,2013,8(12):e80045.

      [14]McLaren PJ,Ripke S,Pelak K,et al. Fine-mapping classical HLA variation associated with durable host control of HIV-1 infection in African Americans [J]. Human Molecular Genetics,2012,21(19):4334-4347.

      (收稿日期:2014-03-14本文編輯:衛(wèi)軻)

      endprint

      [9]Carrington M,O'Brien SJ. The influence of HLA genotype on AIDS [J]. Annu Rev Med,2003,54:535-551.

      [10]Goulder PJ,Watkins DI. Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication [J]. Nat Rev Immunol,2008,8:619-630.

      [11]Honeyborne I,Prendergast A,Pereyra F,et al. Control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is associated with HLA-B13 and targeting of multiple gag-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes [J]. Journal of virology,2007,81(7):3667-3672.

      [12]Zhang H,Zhao B,Han X,et al. Associations of HLA class I antigen specificities and haplotypes with disease progression in HIV-1-infected Hans in northern China[J]. Hum Immunol,2013,74(12):1636-1642.

      [13]Roider J,Kalteis AL,Vollbrecht T,et al. Adaptation of CD8 T Cell responses to changing HIV-1 sequences in a cohort of HIV-1 infected not selected for a certain HLA allele [J]. PLoS ONE,2013,8(12):e80045.

      [14]McLaren PJ,Ripke S,Pelak K,et al. Fine-mapping classical HLA variation associated with durable host control of HIV-1 infection in African Americans [J]. Human Molecular Genetics,2012,21(19):4334-4347.

      (收稿日期:2014-03-14本文編輯:衛(wèi)軻)

      endprint

      [9]Carrington M,O'Brien SJ. The influence of HLA genotype on AIDS [J]. Annu Rev Med,2003,54:535-551.

      [10]Goulder PJ,Watkins DI. Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication [J]. Nat Rev Immunol,2008,8:619-630.

      [11]Honeyborne I,Prendergast A,Pereyra F,et al. Control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is associated with HLA-B13 and targeting of multiple gag-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes [J]. Journal of virology,2007,81(7):3667-3672.

      [12]Zhang H,Zhao B,Han X,et al. Associations of HLA class I antigen specificities and haplotypes with disease progression in HIV-1-infected Hans in northern China[J]. Hum Immunol,2013,74(12):1636-1642.

      [13]Roider J,Kalteis AL,Vollbrecht T,et al. Adaptation of CD8 T Cell responses to changing HIV-1 sequences in a cohort of HIV-1 infected not selected for a certain HLA allele [J]. PLoS ONE,2013,8(12):e80045.

      [14]McLaren PJ,Ripke S,Pelak K,et al. Fine-mapping classical HLA variation associated with durable host control of HIV-1 infection in African Americans [J]. Human Molecular Genetics,2012,21(19):4334-4347.

      (收稿日期:2014-03-14本文編輯:衛(wèi)軻)

      endprint

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