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      乳腺癌石蠟?zāi)[瘤組織和相應(yīng)血液細(xì)胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA的表達(dá)相關(guān)性研究

      2014-10-23 10:16:23王露孫怡李惠王劍蓉
      中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2014年27期
      關(guān)鍵詞:乳腺癌

      王露+孫怡+李惠+王劍蓉

      [摘要] 目的 探討乳腺癌石蠟?zāi)[瘤組織和相應(yīng)血液細(xì)胞中乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)與切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)基因1(ERCC1)及胸苷酸合成酶(TS)基因表達(dá)的相關(guān)性,同時(shí)探討B(tài)RCA1、ERCC1、TS在乳腺癌腫瘤組織與對(duì)應(yīng)患者血液細(xì)胞中表達(dá)的關(guān)系。 方法 收集53例乳腺癌腫瘤石蠟標(biāo)本及其對(duì)應(yīng)的血液樣本,利用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)腫瘤石蠟組織和對(duì)應(yīng)血液樣本中BRCA1、ERCC1 、TS mRNA的表達(dá)水平;利用Pearson相關(guān)性分析方法分析腫瘤石蠟組織和相應(yīng)血液細(xì)胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表達(dá)的相關(guān)性以及腫瘤石蠟組織細(xì)胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA之間表達(dá)的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 乳腺癌石蠟組織中BRCA1 mRNA 表達(dá)的ΔCT為(7.516±2.257),對(duì)應(yīng)的血液組織中為(10.374±2.519)。乳腺癌石蠟組織中ERCC1和TS mRNA表達(dá)的ΔCT分別為(6.114±2.944)、(5.950±2.604),對(duì)應(yīng)的血液組織分別為(8.801±2.581)、(10.078±1.731)。Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示,BRCA1、ERCC1在腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織中的表達(dá)均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.607、0.537,P<0.05)。腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織中的TS表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.074,P>0.05)。BRCA1與ERCC1在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.250,P>0.05)。BRCA1與TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.256,P>0.05)。ERCC1與TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.169,P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 乳腺癌患者的血液標(biāo)本也許可以替代其腫瘤石蠟組織檢測(cè)BRCA1和ERCC1 mRNA的表達(dá);BRCA1與ERCC1、TS的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 乳腺癌;乳腺癌易感基因1;切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)基因1;胸苷酸合成酶基因

      [中圖分類號(hào)] R737.9 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2014)09(c)-0007-05

      The research on the correlation of BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA expression in the paraffin tumor tissue and corresponding blood cells for breast cancer

      WANG Lu SUN Yi LI Hui WANG Jian-rong▲

      Department of Pathology,TCM Hospital of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210000,China

      [Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1),excision repair cross-complementing gene 1(ERCC1) and thymidylate synthetase (TS) gene in paraffin tumor tissue and corresponding blood cells for breast cancer. Methods Tumor paraffin specimens and their corresponding blood samples in 53 cases were collected,the expression level of BRCA1,ERCC1,TSmRNA of tumor paraffin samples and corresponding blood samples were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology,Pearson correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation of BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA expression of tumor paraffin tissue and the corresponding blood cells and the correlation of the expression between BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA in the tumor paraffin tissue cells. Results In the breast cancer paraffin tissues,the ΔCT of BRCA1 mRNA expression was (7.516±2.257),while in the corresponding blood tissue,the ΔCT was (10.374±2.519).In the breast cancer paraffin tissue,the ΔCT of ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression was (6.114±2.944),(5.950±2.604) respectively,while in the corresponding blood tissue,the ΔCT was (8.801±2.581),(10.078±1.731) respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the expression of BRCA1,ERCC1 in tumor paraffin tissue and blood tissue (r=0.607,0.537,P<0.05).There was no correlation between the expression of TS in tumor paraffin tissue and blood tissue (r=0.074,P>0.05).There was no correlation between BRCA1 and ERCC1,BRCA1 and TS,ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression in tumor tissue (r=0.250,r=0.256,r=0.169,P>0.05). Conclusion Blood samples of patients with breast cancer may be able to replace tumor paraffin tissue to detect the BRCA1 and ERCC1 mRNA expression.There was no correlation between the expression of BRCA1 and ERCC1,TS in breast tumor tissue.

      [Key words] Breast cancer;Breast cancer gene 1;Excision repair cross-complementing gene 1; Thymidylate synthetase gene

      乳腺癌是女性常見腫瘤之一,占女性全身惡性腫瘤的7%~10%,有年輕化趨勢(shì)[1]。臨床上以根治性切除為乳腺癌的主要治療方法,術(shù)后常需輔助化療。2010 年NCCN “乳腺癌臨床實(shí)踐指南”提出對(duì)于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者可給予術(shù)前新輔助化療[2]。2010年NCCN提示,紫杉醇類是乳腺癌化療中的主要化療藥物之一,紫杉醇類聯(lián)合卡鉑、氟尿嘧啶或卡培他濱等化療藥物積極應(yīng)用于乳腺癌的化療[2]。乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)是一種多功能抑制蛋白,是第一個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的乳腺癌抑癌基因。1994 年作為乳腺癌和卵巢癌的易感基因而被提出來(lái)[3-4]。BRCA1 在調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞對(duì)紫杉類藥物的敏感性方面起著非常重要的作用[5-8]。BRCA1 低表達(dá)的細(xì)胞株對(duì)紫杉醇類藥物表現(xiàn)為耐藥;高表達(dá)示紫杉醇類化療藥物有積極療效[9-11]。切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)基因1(ERCC1)是細(xì)胞內(nèi)DNA 損傷、核苷酸剪切修復(fù)系統(tǒng)(NER)通路中的關(guān)鍵基因,對(duì)癌細(xì)胞療效和機(jī)體細(xì)胞損傷修復(fù)的差異性有重要意義。臨床研究證實(shí),ERCC1 基因與鉑類化療療效相關(guān)[12-13],低表達(dá)者鉑類藥物化療的療效好、毒副反應(yīng)小及生存期長(zhǎng)[14]。胸苷酸合成酶(TS)基因是合成胸苷酸的限速酶,是一種葉酸依賴性酶,催化2′-脫氧尿苷-5′-磷酸(dUMP)轉(zhuǎn)化為2′-脫氧核苷-5′-磷酸(dTMP),同時(shí)也是氟尿嘧啶的靶酶[15]。NCCN診療規(guī)范提示,TS-mRNA低水平表達(dá)應(yīng)用氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、培美曲賽等藥物化療有積極療效[16-17]?;熛嚓P(guān)分子檢測(cè)有助于乳腺癌患者的個(gè)體化治療,有助于提高化療療效和降低毒副反應(yīng)。BRCA1、ERCC1、TS基因表達(dá)的檢測(cè)有助于紫杉醇類、鉑類、氟尿嘧啶等化療藥物的合理使用,以提高乳腺癌患者的化療療效,減少藥物毒副作用。

      本研究收集了52例乳腺癌患者的腫瘤石蠟組織和相對(duì)應(yīng)的血液細(xì)胞,應(yīng)用SYBR Green 熒光實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技術(shù),定量分析BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA在腫瘤石蠟組織及其對(duì)應(yīng)血液組織的表達(dá)水平,分析BRCA1分別與ERCC1、TS表達(dá)的相關(guān)性,探討乳腺癌化療藥物紫杉醇聯(lián)合卡鉑、氟尿嘧啶等化療藥物的相關(guān)基因BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表達(dá)的關(guān)系以及是否能用血液組織代替腫瘤組織進(jìn)行相關(guān)基因檢測(cè)。

      1 材料與方法

      1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

      收集2008年3月~2013年10月南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬江蘇省中醫(yī)院病理科及外院送檢的53例乳腺癌腫瘤石蠟標(biāo)本及對(duì)應(yīng)患者的血液標(biāo)本。年齡29~75歲,平均49.788歲。所有腫瘤石蠟標(biāo)本均經(jīng)常規(guī)病理HE染色后由病理科醫(yī)師確診。

      1.2 儀器及試劑

      石蠟組織RNA提取試劑盒(RNase-free FFPE kit) 購(gòu)自德國(guó)Qiagen 公司,血液標(biāo)本RNA 提取試劑盒(blood RNA kit)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Omega公司,核酸蛋白測(cè)定儀購(gòu)自美國(guó)Eppendorf Bio公司,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó)Promega公司,SYBR Green購(gòu)自美國(guó)Lifetech 公司,7900 定量PCR儀購(gòu)自美國(guó)ABI 公司;BRCA1、ERCC1、TS 和β-actin mRNA表達(dá)相關(guān)引物由上海生工生物工程技術(shù)服務(wù)有限公司合成。

      1.3 方法

      1.3.1 總RNA提取 腫瘤石蠟組織:根據(jù)病理醫(yī)師鏡下HE染色切片診斷,選擇最佳腫瘤石蠟蠟塊,切取10 μm厚石蠟白片10 張,經(jīng)二甲苯脫蠟,乙醇漂洗。對(duì)照HE 染色切片刮取腫瘤組織,富集腫瘤細(xì)胞,按照石蠟RNA 提取試劑盒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流程提取腫瘤RNA;收集新鮮血液,按照血液RNA 提取試劑盒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流程提取血液RNA。利用核酸蛋白測(cè)定儀測(cè)定RNA產(chǎn)物的濃度和純度。

      1.3.2 RT-Q PCR反應(yīng) 采用SYBR Green 熒光定量PCR方法。RT 反應(yīng)體系:RNA 1 μg,補(bǔ)齊水至7 μl, 42℃ 2 min,然后加入0. 5 μl引物,0. 5 μl RT 酶,2 μl 緩沖液,42℃ 30 min,95℃ 5 min。反應(yīng)結(jié)束后加20 μl ddH2O 稀釋。qPCR反應(yīng)體系:MasterMix、模板cDNA、BRCA1、ERCC1、TS、β-actin 上下游引物(10 pmol/μl)和H2O 共5 μl 體系。擴(kuò)增條件:95℃ 10 min,95℃ 15 s,60℃ 1 min,40個(gè)循環(huán)。熔解曲線的溫度設(shè)定:95℃ 15 s,60℃ 15 s,95℃ 15 s。分析RT-qPCR 數(shù)據(jù),設(shè)定基線,以空白管不出現(xiàn)陽(yáng)性為準(zhǔn),每個(gè)目的基因做3個(gè)復(fù)孔,設(shè)定Ct值閾值納入范圍為15~35個(gè)循環(huán),得出目的基因BRCA1、ERCC1、TS 的CT值(3個(gè)復(fù)孔的平均值)。以管家基因β-actin 基因?yàn)閮?nèi)參,得出ΔCT=CT目的基因-CTβ-actin。

      1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

      數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 13.0 軟件進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)量資料用x±s表示,采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)或配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)分析采用Pearson相關(guān)分析法,以P<0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA 在乳腺癌組織和對(duì)應(yīng)血液中的表達(dá)

      乳腺癌腫瘤石蠟組織BRCA1 mRNA 表達(dá)的ΔCT為(7.516±2.257),對(duì)應(yīng)血液樣本BRCA1 mRNA 表達(dá)為(10.374±2.519);腫瘤石蠟組織ERCC1 mRNA 表達(dá)的ΔCT為(6.114±2.944),對(duì)應(yīng)血液樣本ERCC1 mRNA 表達(dá)為(8.801±2.581);腫瘤石蠟組織TS mRNA 表達(dá)的ΔCT為(5.950±2.604),對(duì)應(yīng)血液樣本TS mRNA 表達(dá)為(10.078±1.731)。樣本間表達(dá)差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表1)。

      表1 BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA 在乳腺癌組織

      和對(duì)應(yīng)血液中的表達(dá)(x±s)

      與血液組織ΔCT值比較,*P<0.05

      2.2 乳腺癌石蠟組織細(xì)胞和相應(yīng)血液細(xì)胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表達(dá)的相關(guān)性分析

      Pearson 相關(guān)性分析顯示,BRCA1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達(dá)正相關(guān)(r=0.607,P<0.05)。ERCC1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達(dá)正相關(guān)(r=0.537,P<0.05)。TS腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.074,P>0.05)。BRCA1與ERCC1在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.250,P>0.05)。BRCA1與TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.256,P>0.05)。ERCC1與TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.169,P>0.05)(圖1)。

      3 討論

      乳腺癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤之一。全世界每年約有120萬(wàn)婦女患乳腺癌,50萬(wàn)死于乳腺癌。在西歐、北美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,乳腺癌發(fā)病率占女性惡性腫瘤的首位。值得關(guān)注的是,中國(guó)是乳腺癌發(fā)病率增長(zhǎng)速度最快的國(guó)家之一,中國(guó)抗癌協(xié)會(huì)公布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字顯示,我國(guó)乳腺癌的發(fā)病率每年正在迅速遞增,成為城市死亡率增長(zhǎng)最快的惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病年齡也呈逐漸年輕化的趨勢(shì)。臨床治療上以根治性切除為主,術(shù)后常需輔助化療。2010 年NCCN 指南提出對(duì)于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者可給予術(shù)前新輔助化療[2]?;熜Чc腫瘤對(duì)化療藥物的耐藥和副作用相關(guān)。個(gè)體化化療有利于提高化療療效和避免藥物的毒副反應(yīng),從而提高患者的生存質(zhì)量,延緩生存期?;熛嚓P(guān)基因檢測(cè)有助于個(gè)體化化療方案的制訂。

      BRCA1 表達(dá)缺失容易發(fā)生細(xì)胞凋亡,同時(shí)對(duì)DNA 損傷劑如順鉑等藥物敏感[18]。BRCA1 低表達(dá)的細(xì)胞株對(duì)紫杉醇類藥物表現(xiàn)為耐藥[9-11];高表達(dá)示紫杉醇類化療藥物有積極療效。ERCC1與鉑類化療療效相關(guān)[12-13],低表達(dá)者鉑類藥物化療的療效好、毒副反應(yīng)小及生存期長(zhǎng)[14]。TS基因mRNA低水平表達(dá),NCCN診療規(guī)范提示應(yīng)用氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、培美曲賽等藥物化療有積極療效[16-17]。

      由于紫杉醇類是乳腺癌化療方案中最多見的化療藥物,故我們以紫杉醇類藥物相關(guān)基因BRCA1mRNA表達(dá)為基礎(chǔ),分析了其在腫瘤組織和血液細(xì)胞中表達(dá)的相關(guān)性以及其與年齡、ERCC1、TS mRNA表達(dá)的相關(guān)性。

      結(jié)果表明,BRCA1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達(dá)正相關(guān);ERCC1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達(dá)也呈正相關(guān)。有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),血液胚系細(xì)胞ERCC1 基因多態(tài)性的表型同鉑類療效和患者的生存時(shí)間相關(guān)[19]。本研究的結(jié)果在一定程度上也佐證了該學(xué)者的結(jié)果,因?yàn)镋RCC1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達(dá)呈正相關(guān),這一結(jié)果在一定程度上提示乳腺癌患者的血液標(biāo)本也許可以替代其腫瘤石蠟組織檢測(cè)BRCA1和ERCC1 mRNA的表達(dá),這將大大提高個(gè)體化分子檢測(cè)的方便性,對(duì)于術(shù)前未進(jìn)行手術(shù)切除的患者的新輔助化療也有積極的指導(dǎo)意義。另外,TS腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性,說(shuō)明不能用乳腺癌患者的血液標(biāo)本替代其腫瘤石蠟組織檢測(cè)TS的表達(dá)。當(dāng)然,還需要進(jìn)一步增加樣本數(shù)來(lái)驗(yàn)證這一結(jié)果。

      另外,結(jié)果還顯示,BRCA1與ERCC1、TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性。BRCA1的表達(dá)與紫杉醇類藥物的化療療效相關(guān),而ERCC1的表達(dá)與鉑類用藥相關(guān),低表達(dá)者鉑類藥物化療的療效好、毒副反應(yīng)小及生存期長(zhǎng);TS與氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、培美曲賽等藥物化療有關(guān),故在乳腺癌化療方案選擇時(shí),可以分別檢測(cè)BRCA1、ERCC1、TS的表達(dá),有助于紫杉醇類與鉑類或者氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、培美曲賽等藥物聯(lián)合使用時(shí)的個(gè)體化選擇用藥,以提高化療療效和減少毒副反應(yīng)。

      綜上所述,乳腺癌患者的血液標(biāo)本也許可以替代其腫瘤石蠟組織檢測(cè)BRCA1和ERCC1的表達(dá)。乳腺癌患者的BRCA1與ERCC1、TS的表達(dá)無(wú)相關(guān)性。

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

      [1] Bleyer A.Young adult oncology:the patients and their survival challenges[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2007,57(4):242-255.

      [2] NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology.Breast cancer.V.1.2010[EB/OL].www.nccn.org

      [3] Vogelstein B,Kinzler KW.Has the breast cancer gene been found?[J].Cell,1994,79(1):1-3.

      [4] Miki Y,Swensen J,Shattuck-Eidens D,et al.A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1[J].Science,1994,266(5182):66-71.

      [5] Zhou C,Smith JL,Liu J.Role of BRCA1 in cellular resistance to paclitaxel and ionizing radiation in an ovarian cancer cell line carrying a defective BRCA1[J].Oncogene,2003,22(16):2396-2404.

      [6] Lesnock JL,Darcy KM,Tian C,et al.BRCA1 expression and improved survival in ovarian cancer patients treated with intraperitoneal cisplatin andpaclitaxel:A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study[J].Br J Cancer,2013,108(6):1231-1237.

      [7] Sung M,Giannakakou P.BRCA1 regulates microtubule dynamics and taxane-induced apoptotic cell signaling[J].Oncogene,2014,33(11):1418-1428.

      [8] Tian CQ1,Darcy KM,Krivak TC,et al.Assessment of the prognostic value of two common variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in ovarian cancer patients treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel:A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study[J].Front Oncol,2013,3:206.

      [9] Gilmore PM,McCabe N,Quinn JE,et al.BRCA1 interacts with and is required for paclitaxel-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3[J].Cancer Res,2004,64(12):4148-4154.

      [10] Tassone P,Tagliaferri P,Perricelli A,et al.BRCA1 expression modulates chemosensitivity of BRCA1-defective HCC 1937 human breast cancer cells[J].Br J Cancer,2003,88(8):1285-1291.

      [11] Lafarge S,Sylvain V,F(xiàn)errara M,et al.Inhibition of BRCA1 leads to increased chemoresistance to microtubule-interfering agents,an effect that involves the JNK pathway[J].Oncogene,2001,20(45):6597-6606.

      [12] Zhang YY,Gu KS.DNA repair capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(9):5507-5512.

      [13] Liu H,Qi B,Guo X,et al.Genetic variations in radiation and chemotherapy drug action pathways and survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy[J].PLoS One,2013,8(12):e82750.

      [14] Kim KH,Kwon HC,Oh SY,et al.Clinicopathologic significance of ERCC1,thymidylate synthase and glutathione S-transferase P1 expression for advanced gastric cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU and cisplatin chemotherapy[J].Biomarkers,2011,16(1):74-82.

      [15] Kuo SJ,Wang HC,Chow KC,et al.Expression of rTSbeta as a 5-fluorouracil resistance marker in patients with primary breast cancer[J].Oncol Rep,2008,19(4):881-888.

      [16] Wang YC,Xue HP,Wang ZH,et al.An integrated analysis of the association between Ts gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in gastric and colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based regimens[J].Mol Biol Rep,2013, 40(7):4637-4644.

      [17] Sulzyc-Bielicka V,Bielicki D,Binczak-Kuleta A,et al.Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil[J].Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(11):799-806.

      [18] Wilson CA,Ramos L,Villase■or MR,et al.Localization of human BRCA1 and its loss in high-grade,non-inherited breast carcinomas[J].Nat Genet,1999,21(2):236-240.

      [19] Joerger M,Burgers SA,Baas P,et al.Germline polymor phisms in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving first-line platinum-gemcitabine chemotherapy[J].Cancer,2012,118(9):2466-2475.

      (收稿日期:2014-07-06 本文編輯:許俊琴)

      [7] Sung M,Giannakakou P.BRCA1 regulates microtubule dynamics and taxane-induced apoptotic cell signaling[J].Oncogene,2014,33(11):1418-1428.

      [8] Tian CQ1,Darcy KM,Krivak TC,et al.Assessment of the prognostic value of two common variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in ovarian cancer patients treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel:A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study[J].Front Oncol,2013,3:206.

      [9] Gilmore PM,McCabe N,Quinn JE,et al.BRCA1 interacts with and is required for paclitaxel-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3[J].Cancer Res,2004,64(12):4148-4154.

      [10] Tassone P,Tagliaferri P,Perricelli A,et al.BRCA1 expression modulates chemosensitivity of BRCA1-defective HCC 1937 human breast cancer cells[J].Br J Cancer,2003,88(8):1285-1291.

      [11] Lafarge S,Sylvain V,F(xiàn)errara M,et al.Inhibition of BRCA1 leads to increased chemoresistance to microtubule-interfering agents,an effect that involves the JNK pathway[J].Oncogene,2001,20(45):6597-6606.

      [12] Zhang YY,Gu KS.DNA repair capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(9):5507-5512.

      [13] Liu H,Qi B,Guo X,et al.Genetic variations in radiation and chemotherapy drug action pathways and survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy[J].PLoS One,2013,8(12):e82750.

      [14] Kim KH,Kwon HC,Oh SY,et al.Clinicopathologic significance of ERCC1,thymidylate synthase and glutathione S-transferase P1 expression for advanced gastric cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU and cisplatin chemotherapy[J].Biomarkers,2011,16(1):74-82.

      [15] Kuo SJ,Wang HC,Chow KC,et al.Expression of rTSbeta as a 5-fluorouracil resistance marker in patients with primary breast cancer[J].Oncol Rep,2008,19(4):881-888.

      [16] Wang YC,Xue HP,Wang ZH,et al.An integrated analysis of the association between Ts gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in gastric and colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based regimens[J].Mol Biol Rep,2013, 40(7):4637-4644.

      [17] Sulzyc-Bielicka V,Bielicki D,Binczak-Kuleta A,et al.Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil[J].Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(11):799-806.

      [18] Wilson CA,Ramos L,Villase■or MR,et al.Localization of human BRCA1 and its loss in high-grade,non-inherited breast carcinomas[J].Nat Genet,1999,21(2):236-240.

      [19] Joerger M,Burgers SA,Baas P,et al.Germline polymor phisms in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving first-line platinum-gemcitabine chemotherapy[J].Cancer,2012,118(9):2466-2475.

      (收稿日期:2014-07-06 本文編輯:許俊琴)

      [7] Sung M,Giannakakou P.BRCA1 regulates microtubule dynamics and taxane-induced apoptotic cell signaling[J].Oncogene,2014,33(11):1418-1428.

      [8] Tian CQ1,Darcy KM,Krivak TC,et al.Assessment of the prognostic value of two common variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in ovarian cancer patients treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel:A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study[J].Front Oncol,2013,3:206.

      [9] Gilmore PM,McCabe N,Quinn JE,et al.BRCA1 interacts with and is required for paclitaxel-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3[J].Cancer Res,2004,64(12):4148-4154.

      [10] Tassone P,Tagliaferri P,Perricelli A,et al.BRCA1 expression modulates chemosensitivity of BRCA1-defective HCC 1937 human breast cancer cells[J].Br J Cancer,2003,88(8):1285-1291.

      [11] Lafarge S,Sylvain V,F(xiàn)errara M,et al.Inhibition of BRCA1 leads to increased chemoresistance to microtubule-interfering agents,an effect that involves the JNK pathway[J].Oncogene,2001,20(45):6597-6606.

      [12] Zhang YY,Gu KS.DNA repair capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(9):5507-5512.

      [13] Liu H,Qi B,Guo X,et al.Genetic variations in radiation and chemotherapy drug action pathways and survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy[J].PLoS One,2013,8(12):e82750.

      [14] Kim KH,Kwon HC,Oh SY,et al.Clinicopathologic significance of ERCC1,thymidylate synthase and glutathione S-transferase P1 expression for advanced gastric cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU and cisplatin chemotherapy[J].Biomarkers,2011,16(1):74-82.

      [15] Kuo SJ,Wang HC,Chow KC,et al.Expression of rTSbeta as a 5-fluorouracil resistance marker in patients with primary breast cancer[J].Oncol Rep,2008,19(4):881-888.

      [16] Wang YC,Xue HP,Wang ZH,et al.An integrated analysis of the association between Ts gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in gastric and colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based regimens[J].Mol Biol Rep,2013, 40(7):4637-4644.

      [17] Sulzyc-Bielicka V,Bielicki D,Binczak-Kuleta A,et al.Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil[J].Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(11):799-806.

      [18] Wilson CA,Ramos L,Villase■or MR,et al.Localization of human BRCA1 and its loss in high-grade,non-inherited breast carcinomas[J].Nat Genet,1999,21(2):236-240.

      [19] Joerger M,Burgers SA,Baas P,et al.Germline polymor phisms in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving first-line platinum-gemcitabine chemotherapy[J].Cancer,2012,118(9):2466-2475.

      (收稿日期:2014-07-06 本文編輯:許俊琴)

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