祝立麗, 肖明明, 表貞淑, 高 爽, 景士兵
實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
病理性瘢痕中整合素鏈激酶、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白和mRNA表達(dá)及其臨床意義
祝立麗, 肖明明, 表貞淑, 高 爽, 景士兵
目的探討正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕及病理性瘢痕中整合素鏈激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶的表達(dá)情況。方法統(tǒng)計(jì)整形外科病理性瘢痕40例,非病理性瘢痕12例,正常皮膚組織16例;采用免疫組織化學(xué)法和蛋白印跡及熒光實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR,檢測(cè)3種組織中整合素鏈激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白及mRNA表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果整合素鏈激酶蛋白在正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕及病理性瘢痕中的陽(yáng)性率分別是25.00%,41.67%,85.00%。磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白在3種組織中的陽(yáng)性率分別是12.50%,16.67%,80.00%;蛋白印跡及熒光實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR結(jié)果顯示,與正常皮膚及非病理性瘢痕相比,病理性瘢痕中整合素鏈激酶、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白及mRNA表達(dá)均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。病理性瘢痕中整合素鏈激酶與磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(P= 0.001,r=0.614)。結(jié)論整合素鏈激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白可能通過磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/PKB信號(hào)通路參與病理性瘢痕的形成;整合素鏈激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白協(xié)同促進(jìn)病理性瘢痕的形成;整合素鏈激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白靶向治療阻止組織病理性瘢痕的形成有望成為可能。
瘢痕; 整合素鏈激酶; 磷脂酰肌醇3激酶
皮膚組織創(chuàng)傷后發(fā)生瘢痕,當(dāng)瘢痕形成超過正常限度時(shí),稱為病理性瘢痕,包括增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩。主要特征是成纖維細(xì)胞的過度增生和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的過度聚集,其中成纖維細(xì)胞增殖/凋亡調(diào)控失調(diào)是瘢痕形成的重要原因之一[1-2]。整合素鏈激酶(integrin-linked kinase, ILK)是一種絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,以依賴磷脂酰肌3激酶(phosphatidylinositols 3-kinase, PI3K)方式激活,通過磷酸化蛋白激B(protein kinase B, PKB)等下游底物使細(xì)胞外信號(hào)向下游傳遞,進(jìn)而發(fā)揮抗凋亡、促細(xì)胞增殖的生物學(xué)功能[3-4]。ILK參與了多種內(nèi)臟器官的纖維化疾病過程[5-6],在組織修復(fù)及組織纖維化進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮重要的作用[7],故推測(cè)ILK在皮膚瘢痕形成過程中也可能發(fā)揮獨(dú)特的作用。我們采用免疫組織化學(xué)方法(immunological histological chemistry, IHC)、熒光定量PCR(fluorescent quatititive PCR, FQ-PCR)及蛋白印跡(western blot, WB)方法,檢測(cè)正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕及病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K的表達(dá)。
1.1 標(biāo)本來源
標(biāo)本取自2009-2013年遼寧省人民醫(yī)院整形外科患者,其中病理性瘢痕40例,非病理性瘢痕12例,正常皮膚組織16例。均獲患者的知情同意。
1.2 主要試劑及儀器
1.2.1 免疫組織化學(xué)SP法 ILK、PI3K抗體、免疫組織化學(xué)染色試劑盒、二氨基聯(lián)苯胺顯色試劑盒均購(gòu)自北京中杉公司。
1.2.2 蛋白印跡法 收集新鮮組織提取蛋白后嚴(yán)格按試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行蛋白印跡。ECL顯影,Image Lab圖像分析軟件測(cè)定灰度值,以GAPDH為內(nèi)參照記錄各目的蛋白的相對(duì)灰度值。
1.2.3 熒光定量PCR 收集新鮮組織提取RNA,按試劑盒說明書配置反應(yīng)體系。數(shù)據(jù)由軟件自動(dòng)生成。Primer Pmmier 5軟件設(shè)計(jì)引物,由廣州中山大學(xué)達(dá)安基因股份有限公司合成,序列見表1。
表1 引物序列
1.2.4 結(jié)果判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞質(zhì)或細(xì)胞膜呈棕黃色判定為陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞。陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞比例:<10%為陰性,10%~30%為弱陽(yáng)性,>30%為強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
所有數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)、ANOVA方差分析及Pearson相關(guān)分析進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。
2.1 ILK、PI3K蛋白在正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕中的表達(dá)情況
如圖1、表2所示:ILK 、PI3K 蛋白定位于成纖維細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)內(nèi)。ILK和PI3K在病理性瘢痕中的陽(yáng)性率分別為85%(34/40),80%(32/40);非病理性瘢痕中陽(yáng)性率分別為41.67%(5/12),16.67%(2/12);正常皮膚中陽(yáng)性率分別為25%(4/16),12.5%(2/16)。ILK和PI3K蛋白在病理性瘢痕中的表達(dá),強(qiáng)于非病理性瘢痕及正常皮膚(P<0.05)。
WB法檢測(cè)正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕各5例,ILK、PI3K蛋白在病理性瘢痕中的表達(dá),明顯強(qiáng)于非病理性瘢痕及正常皮膚。
2.2 ILK、PI3K mRNA在正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕中的表達(dá)水平
FQ-PCR檢測(cè)正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕各10例,病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K mRNA的表達(dá),均明顯強(qiáng)于正常皮膚及非病理性瘢痕,P<0.05差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(圖2)。
圖1 免疫組織化學(xué)SP法檢測(cè)正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K蛋白的表達(dá)情況(×100) a,b. 分別是ILK、PI3K蛋白在正常皮膚中的表達(dá)情況 c,d. 分別是ILK、PI3K蛋白在非病理性瘢痕中的表達(dá)情況 e,f. 分別是ILK、PI3K蛋白在病理性瘢痕的表達(dá)情況圖2 WB檢測(cè)3種組織中ILK 、PI3K蛋白的表達(dá)情況
Fig1 Expression of ILK 、PI3K protein in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar by IHC (SP×100). a, b. expression of ILK and PI3K protein in normal skin tissue. c, d. expression of ILK and PI3K protein in mature scar. e, f. expression of ILK and PI3K protein in pathological scar.Fig2 The expression of ILK and PI3K protein in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar by WB.
表2 正常皮膚、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K蛋白的表達(dá)
Tab2 Expression of ILK and PI3K protein in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar by IHC
組織類型例數(shù)ILK-+陽(yáng)性率/%PI3K-+陽(yáng)性率/%正常皮膚組織1612425.0014212.50非病理性瘢痕127541.6710216.67病理性瘢痕4063485.0083280.00
注:病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K蛋白表達(dá)均增強(qiáng),與正常皮膚組織及非病理性瘢痕相比,其差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)
2.3 病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K蛋白表達(dá)的關(guān)系
病理性瘢痕中ILK和PI3K蛋白陽(yáng)性表達(dá),呈顯著正相關(guān)(P= 0.001,r=0.614)。
ILK是1996年GE Hannigan以整合素β1亞單位胞質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)域?yàn)檎T餌,進(jìn)行酵母雙雜交篩選系統(tǒng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的,是一種胞內(nèi)絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為59KD,基因定位于染色體11p15.52- p15.4[8]。ILK是整合素信號(hào)通路過程中的關(guān)鍵激酶,調(diào)節(jié)多種細(xì)胞功能,抑制細(xì)胞調(diào)亡,調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增生、分化、遷移,介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)之間的相互作用[9- 10]。Levinson等[11]通過免疫組化證實(shí),ILK蛋白在人成纖維細(xì)胞表達(dá)較多,并發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)染ILK蛋白的細(xì)胞發(fā)生了明顯攣縮,推測(cè)ILK在瘢痕攣縮過程中,發(fā)揮著重要作用。PI3K是磷脂激酶家族中一個(gè)非常重要的成員,由p110催化亞單位和p85調(diào)節(jié)亞單位組成的異源二聚體,具有脂類激酶活性和蛋白激酶活性,其產(chǎn)物包括PIP2 和PIP3 等[12]。PIP3與ILK 的磷酸肌醇結(jié)合基序結(jié)合后活化PI3K/PKB,是機(jī)體內(nèi)重要的抗凋亡、促細(xì)胞增殖的通路之一[13]。
本研究通過3種實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù),分別從蛋白及mRNA表達(dá)水平上觀察3種組織中ILK、PI3K表達(dá)情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)與正常皮膚及非病理性瘢痕相比,病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K的表達(dá)均增加,其差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。該結(jié)果與既往國(guó)外報(bào)道基本一致[11]。因此,我們推測(cè)ILK、PI3K的過表達(dá),可能與病理性瘢痕的形成相關(guān)。本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),病理性瘢痕中ILK與PI3K表達(dá)呈正相關(guān),這提示ILK蛋白過表達(dá),可能通過作用于蛋白底物PI3K并激活下游因子,協(xié)同促進(jìn)成纖維細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、增殖,抑制其凋亡,從而參與病理性瘢痕的形成。
綜合既往研究結(jié)果,ILK、PI3K協(xié)同作用并通過 PI3K/PKR信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路從細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡抑制、血管生成等方面,促進(jìn)病理性瘢痕的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[14-15]。ILK、PI3K有望成為治療病理性瘢痕的理想靶位基因,對(duì)ILK及PI3K的持續(xù)表達(dá)或活化的阻止,有望成為治療或控制病理性瘢痕形成的新途徑。
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Expressionofintegrin-linkedkinaseandphosphatidylinositols3-kinaseinpathologicalscarandtheirclinicalsignificance
ZHULi-li,XIAOMing-ming,BIAOZhen-shu,etal.
(DepartmentofDermatology,LiaoningProvincialPeople′sHospital,Shenyang110016,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and phosphatidylinositols 3-kinase (PI3K) in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar and their clinical significance.MethodsThe expression protein and mRNA of ILK and PI3K were detected by immunological histological chemistry (IHC), Western blot and fluorescent quatititive PCR, respectively.ResultsThe positive rates of ILK proteins were 25.00%, 41.67%, 85.00% in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar, respectively. The positive rates of PI3K proteins were 12.50%, 16.67%, 80.00%, respectively. The expression of protein and mRNA of ILK and PI3K were higher in pathological scar when compared to both normal skin tissue and mature scar, the data showed statistically significant. There was a highly positive correlation between ILK and PI3K protein expression (P=0.001,R=0.614).ConclusionILK, PI3K protein might be involved in the formation of pathologic scar through the activation of PI3K/PKB signaling pathway. PI3K and ILK proteins may cooperate to promote the formation and progress of pathologic scar. ILK and/or PI3K target treatment might be possible to prevent the formation of pathologic scar.
Scar; ILK; PI3K
10.3969/j.issn.1673-7040.2014.04.021
R619.6
A
1673-7040(2014)04-0252-03
2014-03-10)
110016 遼寧 沈陽(yáng),遼寧省人民醫(yī)院 (皮膚科:祝立麗,表貞淑; 病理科:肖明明,高 爽,景士兵)
祝立麗(1983-),女,浙江金華人,主治醫(yī)師.
景士兵,110016,遼寧省人民醫(yī)院 病理科,電子信箱:mypathology@163.com