李娜 尹娜 牛祖彪 等
摘要:以冬小麥濰麥8號(hào)為試材,研究不同濃度CPPU處理的小麥萌發(fā)胚以及種子所獲植株的分蘗及植株發(fā)育變化。結(jié)果顯示,CPPU可以促進(jìn)小麥萌發(fā)胚形成的幼苗產(chǎn)生分蘗,當(dāng)CPPU濃度小于6 μmol·L-1時(shí),產(chǎn)生的分蘗數(shù)隨著CPPU濃度的升高而增多,而且隨著處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),二級(jí)分蘗苗的比率也增大;但是CPPU濃度高于10 μmol·L-1時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)幼苗的生長(zhǎng)造成毒害。在一定濃度范圍內(nèi),CPPU浸種處理的有效穗數(shù)也是隨著濃度的升高而增多。CPPU處理后的小麥幼苗生長(zhǎng)素合成基因TaYUCCA10的表達(dá)比對(duì)照增多,且隨處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)表達(dá)量呈上升趨勢(shì)。
關(guān)鍵詞:CPPU;小麥;分蘗
中圖分類號(hào):S512.101文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào):A文章編號(hào):1001-4942(2014)10-0035-05
3討論與結(jié)論
在組織培養(yǎng)中,加入CPPU作為激素類物質(zhì)能夠促進(jìn)愈傷組織產(chǎn)生芽,通過(guò)調(diào)整CPPU與NAA的濃度比例對(duì)番茄的子葉和下胚軸愈傷組織不定芽的分化都有良好的促進(jìn)效果[23]。CPPU還能誘導(dǎo)紫背天葵葉片直接分化形成不定芽[24]。本試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)在培養(yǎng)基上添加CPPU后,能顯著促使幼苗產(chǎn)生分蘗,在一定濃度范圍內(nèi)隨著CPPU濃度的提高,分蘗數(shù)也升高而且二級(jí)分蘗也顯著增多,但當(dāng)濃度大于6 μmol·L-1時(shí),會(huì)對(duì)幼苗產(chǎn)生一定的傷害導(dǎo)致幼苗生長(zhǎng)變?nèi)跎踔量菟?。用CPPU浸種后分蘗數(shù)也隨濃度的升高而增多,在5~20 μmol·L-1范圍內(nèi)分蘗數(shù)都呈增多趨勢(shì)。
分蘗是小麥、水稻等禾谷類作物的重要特性,單株有效分蘗數(shù)是構(gòu)成小麥產(chǎn)量的重要因素之一[25]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不同濃度CPPU處理后小麥有效分蘗數(shù)明顯提高。將種子在萌發(fā)期進(jìn)行CPPU浸泡處理后移種至大田,分蘗數(shù)也較對(duì)照組有提高,表明CPPU在小麥萌發(fā)初期就誘導(dǎo)分蘗的發(fā)生并能提高有效分蘗數(shù)。
CPPU能夠誘導(dǎo)小麥中生長(zhǎng)素合成基因表達(dá)上調(diào),CPPU的加入導(dǎo)致內(nèi)源IAA含量提高,促使分蘗芽的發(fā)生和增多。這為小麥分蘗機(jī)制的研究提供了一條嶄新的途徑。植物激素中的生長(zhǎng)素和細(xì)胞分裂素是影響分蘗的非常重要的兩種激素,其中生長(zhǎng)素最早被Thimann和Skoog[26]發(fā)現(xiàn)有抑制側(cè)芽生長(zhǎng)的作用,Leyser[27,28]關(guān)于生長(zhǎng)素抑制側(cè)芽生長(zhǎng)的機(jī)制做了很多研究。但是CPPU作為一種植物生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)劑,目前的研究認(rèn)為CPPU主要是細(xì)胞分裂素氧化酶的抑制劑[29~31],通過(guò)減弱細(xì)胞分裂素氧化酶的催化作用而相應(yīng)地增加內(nèi)源細(xì)胞分裂素的含量。因此CPPU這種高效的生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)小麥分蘗的影響作用機(jī)制有待深入研究。
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[22]Kuraparthy V,Sood S,Dhaliwal H S,et al. Identification and mapping of a tiller inhabition gene(tin3) in wheat[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetic,2007,114:285-294.
[23]李永輝,白遠(yuǎn)國(guó),鄧紅云,等. “保冠一號(hào)”番茄子葉與下胚軸的愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)與植株再生[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2007,35(12):3475,3507.
[24]陳雄偉,陳剛,王瑛華. TDZ和CPPU對(duì)鼎湖山紫背天葵不定芽誘導(dǎo)的影響[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2009,37(27):13336-13338.
[25]周紅武. 小麥成熟期主莖形態(tài)與單株有效分蘗數(shù)的關(guān)系[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè), 2007(36):1-4.
[26]Thimann K V, Skoog F. On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Viciafaba [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series B, 1934, 114:317-339.
[27]Leyser O. Regulation of shoot branching by auxin [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8:541-545.
[28]Leyser O. The fall and rise of apical dominance [J]. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 2005, 15: 468-471.
[29]Burch L R, Horgan R. The purification of cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays kernels[J]. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28:1313-1319.
[30]Hare P D, Van Staden J. Inhibitory effect of thidiazuron on the activity of cytokinin oxidase isolated from soybean callus[J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 1994, 35:1121- 1125.
[31]Bilyeu K D, Cole J L, Laskey J G, et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytokinin oxidase from maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 2001, 125:378-386.
[12]魏小萍,魏秀玲,張立全,等. CPPU在小麥花藥培養(yǎng)中的應(yīng)用效果[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),1995,13(4):15-17.
[13]Li X,Qian Q,F(xiàn)u Z,et al. Control of tillering in rice[J]. Nature,2003,422:618-621.
[14]Takeda T,Suwa Y,Suzuki M,et al. The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice[J]. The Plant Journal,2003,33:513-520.
[15]Ishikawa S,Maekawa M,Arite T,et al. Supression of tiller bud activity in tillering dwarf mutants of rice[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2005,46:79-86.
[16]趙會(huì)杰,鄒琪,張秀英. 兩個(gè)不同穗型小麥品種生育后期碳水化合物代謝的比較研究[J]. 作物學(xué)報(bào),2003,29(5):676-681.
[17]李春喜,趙廣才,代西梅,等.小麥分蘗變化動(dòng)態(tài)與內(nèi)源激素關(guān)系的研究[J].作物學(xué)報(bào),2000,26(6):963-968.
[18]張倩輝,張曉科,劉偉華,等. 小麥有效分蘗數(shù)的遺傳分析[J]. 麥類作物學(xué)報(bào),2008, 28(4):573-576.
[19]Richards R A A. Tiller inhibition gene in wheat and its effecton plant growth[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,39:749-757.
[20]Spielmeyer W,Richards R A. Comparative mapping of wheat chromosome 1AS which contains the tiller inhibition gene(tin)with rice chromosome 5S[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2004,109:1303-1310.
[21]Peng Z S,Yen C,Yang J L. Genetic control of oligo-culmsin common wheat[J]. Wheat Information Service,1998,26:19-24.
[22]Kuraparthy V,Sood S,Dhaliwal H S,et al. Identification and mapping of a tiller inhabition gene(tin3) in wheat[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetic,2007,114:285-294.
[23]李永輝,白遠(yuǎn)國(guó),鄧紅云,等. “保冠一號(hào)”番茄子葉與下胚軸的愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)與植株再生[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2007,35(12):3475,3507.
[24]陳雄偉,陳剛,王瑛華. TDZ和CPPU對(duì)鼎湖山紫背天葵不定芽誘導(dǎo)的影響[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2009,37(27):13336-13338.
[25]周紅武. 小麥成熟期主莖形態(tài)與單株有效分蘗數(shù)的關(guān)系[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè), 2007(36):1-4.
[26]Thimann K V, Skoog F. On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Viciafaba [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series B, 1934, 114:317-339.
[27]Leyser O. Regulation of shoot branching by auxin [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8:541-545.
[28]Leyser O. The fall and rise of apical dominance [J]. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 2005, 15: 468-471.
[29]Burch L R, Horgan R. The purification of cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays kernels[J]. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28:1313-1319.
[30]Hare P D, Van Staden J. Inhibitory effect of thidiazuron on the activity of cytokinin oxidase isolated from soybean callus[J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 1994, 35:1121- 1125.
[31]Bilyeu K D, Cole J L, Laskey J G, et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytokinin oxidase from maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 2001, 125:378-386.
[12]魏小萍,魏秀玲,張立全,等. CPPU在小麥花藥培養(yǎng)中的應(yīng)用效果[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),1995,13(4):15-17.
[13]Li X,Qian Q,F(xiàn)u Z,et al. Control of tillering in rice[J]. Nature,2003,422:618-621.
[14]Takeda T,Suwa Y,Suzuki M,et al. The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice[J]. The Plant Journal,2003,33:513-520.
[15]Ishikawa S,Maekawa M,Arite T,et al. Supression of tiller bud activity in tillering dwarf mutants of rice[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2005,46:79-86.
[16]趙會(huì)杰,鄒琪,張秀英. 兩個(gè)不同穗型小麥品種生育后期碳水化合物代謝的比較研究[J]. 作物學(xué)報(bào),2003,29(5):676-681.
[17]李春喜,趙廣才,代西梅,等.小麥分蘗變化動(dòng)態(tài)與內(nèi)源激素關(guān)系的研究[J].作物學(xué)報(bào),2000,26(6):963-968.
[18]張倩輝,張曉科,劉偉華,等. 小麥有效分蘗數(shù)的遺傳分析[J]. 麥類作物學(xué)報(bào),2008, 28(4):573-576.
[19]Richards R A A. Tiller inhibition gene in wheat and its effecton plant growth[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,39:749-757.
[20]Spielmeyer W,Richards R A. Comparative mapping of wheat chromosome 1AS which contains the tiller inhibition gene(tin)with rice chromosome 5S[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2004,109:1303-1310.
[21]Peng Z S,Yen C,Yang J L. Genetic control of oligo-culmsin common wheat[J]. Wheat Information Service,1998,26:19-24.
[22]Kuraparthy V,Sood S,Dhaliwal H S,et al. Identification and mapping of a tiller inhabition gene(tin3) in wheat[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetic,2007,114:285-294.
[23]李永輝,白遠(yuǎn)國(guó),鄧紅云,等. “保冠一號(hào)”番茄子葉與下胚軸的愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)與植株再生[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2007,35(12):3475,3507.
[24]陳雄偉,陳剛,王瑛華. TDZ和CPPU對(duì)鼎湖山紫背天葵不定芽誘導(dǎo)的影響[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2009,37(27):13336-13338.
[25]周紅武. 小麥成熟期主莖形態(tài)與單株有效分蘗數(shù)的關(guān)系[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè), 2007(36):1-4.
[26]Thimann K V, Skoog F. On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Viciafaba [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series B, 1934, 114:317-339.
[27]Leyser O. Regulation of shoot branching by auxin [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8:541-545.
[28]Leyser O. The fall and rise of apical dominance [J]. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 2005, 15: 468-471.
[29]Burch L R, Horgan R. The purification of cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays kernels[J]. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28:1313-1319.
[30]Hare P D, Van Staden J. Inhibitory effect of thidiazuron on the activity of cytokinin oxidase isolated from soybean callus[J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 1994, 35:1121- 1125.
[31]Bilyeu K D, Cole J L, Laskey J G, et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytokinin oxidase from maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 2001, 125:378-386.