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      CPPU處理對(duì)小麥分蘗影響的研究

      2014-11-22 11:15:33李娜尹娜牛祖彪
      山東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) 2014年10期
      關(guān)鍵詞:分蘗小麥

      李娜 尹娜 牛祖彪 等

      摘要:以冬小麥濰麥8號(hào)為試材,研究不同濃度CPPU處理的小麥萌發(fā)胚以及種子所獲植株的分蘗及植株發(fā)育變化。結(jié)果顯示,CPPU可以促進(jìn)小麥萌發(fā)胚形成的幼苗產(chǎn)生分蘗,當(dāng)CPPU濃度小于6 μmol·L-1時(shí),產(chǎn)生的分蘗數(shù)隨著CPPU濃度的升高而增多,而且隨著處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),二級(jí)分蘗苗的比率也增大;但是CPPU濃度高于10 μmol·L-1時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)幼苗的生長(zhǎng)造成毒害。在一定濃度范圍內(nèi),CPPU浸種處理的有效穗數(shù)也是隨著濃度的升高而增多。CPPU處理后的小麥幼苗生長(zhǎng)素合成基因TaYUCCA10的表達(dá)比對(duì)照增多,且隨處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)表達(dá)量呈上升趨勢(shì)。

      關(guān)鍵詞:CPPU;小麥;分蘗

      中圖分類號(hào):S512.101文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào):A文章編號(hào):1001-4942(2014)10-0035-05

      3討論與結(jié)論

      在組織培養(yǎng)中,加入CPPU作為激素類物質(zhì)能夠促進(jìn)愈傷組織產(chǎn)生芽,通過(guò)調(diào)整CPPU與NAA的濃度比例對(duì)番茄的子葉和下胚軸愈傷組織不定芽的分化都有良好的促進(jìn)效果[23]。CPPU還能誘導(dǎo)紫背天葵葉片直接分化形成不定芽[24]。本試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)在培養(yǎng)基上添加CPPU后,能顯著促使幼苗產(chǎn)生分蘗,在一定濃度范圍內(nèi)隨著CPPU濃度的提高,分蘗數(shù)也升高而且二級(jí)分蘗也顯著增多,但當(dāng)濃度大于6 μmol·L-1時(shí),會(huì)對(duì)幼苗產(chǎn)生一定的傷害導(dǎo)致幼苗生長(zhǎng)變?nèi)跎踔量菟?。用CPPU浸種后分蘗數(shù)也隨濃度的升高而增多,在5~20 μmol·L-1范圍內(nèi)分蘗數(shù)都呈增多趨勢(shì)。

      分蘗是小麥、水稻等禾谷類作物的重要特性,單株有效分蘗數(shù)是構(gòu)成小麥產(chǎn)量的重要因素之一[25]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不同濃度CPPU處理后小麥有效分蘗數(shù)明顯提高。將種子在萌發(fā)期進(jìn)行CPPU浸泡處理后移種至大田,分蘗數(shù)也較對(duì)照組有提高,表明CPPU在小麥萌發(fā)初期就誘導(dǎo)分蘗的發(fā)生并能提高有效分蘗數(shù)。

      CPPU能夠誘導(dǎo)小麥中生長(zhǎng)素合成基因表達(dá)上調(diào),CPPU的加入導(dǎo)致內(nèi)源IAA含量提高,促使分蘗芽的發(fā)生和增多。這為小麥分蘗機(jī)制的研究提供了一條嶄新的途徑。植物激素中的生長(zhǎng)素和細(xì)胞分裂素是影響分蘗的非常重要的兩種激素,其中生長(zhǎng)素最早被Thimann和Skoog[26]發(fā)現(xiàn)有抑制側(cè)芽生長(zhǎng)的作用,Leyser[27,28]關(guān)于生長(zhǎng)素抑制側(cè)芽生長(zhǎng)的機(jī)制做了很多研究。但是CPPU作為一種植物生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)劑,目前的研究認(rèn)為CPPU主要是細(xì)胞分裂素氧化酶的抑制劑[29~31],通過(guò)減弱細(xì)胞分裂素氧化酶的催化作用而相應(yīng)地增加內(nèi)源細(xì)胞分裂素的含量。因此CPPU這種高效的生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)小麥分蘗的影響作用機(jī)制有待深入研究。

      參考文獻(xiàn):

      [1]Takahashi S,Shudo K,Okanoto T,et al. Cytokinin activity of N-phenyl-N′(4-pyridyl)-urea derivatives[J]. Phytochemistry,1978,17:1201-1207.

      [2]Tsuro M,Koda M,Inoue M. Efficient plant regeneration from multipe shoots formed in the leaf-derived callus of lavandulavera,using the“pen culture system”[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2000,86:81-88.

      [3]Singh S K,Syamal M M. A short pre-culture soak in thidiazuron or forchlornuron improves axillary shoot proliferation in rose micropropagation[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2001,91:169-177.

      [4]Cruz J G,Woolley D J,Lawes G S. Kiwifruit size and CPPU response are influenced by the time of anthesis[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2002,95:23-30.

      [5]Antognozzi E,Battistelli A,F(xiàn)amiani F,et al. Influence of CPPU on carbohudrate accumulation and metabolism in fruits of Actinidia delicisa(A.Chev.)[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,1996,65:37-47.

      [6]李學(xué)強(qiáng),李作軒,李秀珍. CPPU對(duì)南果梨果實(shí)外觀品質(zhì)的影響[J]. 沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2002,33(4):252-254.

      [7]汪俏梅. CPPU對(duì)苦瓜果實(shí)生長(zhǎng)和內(nèi)源激素含量的影響[J]. 浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):農(nóng)業(yè)與生命科學(xué)版,2001,27(5):513-517.

      [8]唐湘如,譚中文,李之林,等. CPPU和PP333對(duì)雜交稻3個(gè)淀粉合成酶活性和米質(zhì)的影響[J]. 雜交水稻,2002,17(3):44-46.

      [9]趙芳,姚占軍,蘇集華. CPPU對(duì)干旱脅迫下小麥幼苗葉片的蛋白響應(yīng)及生育期差異的影響[J]. 華北農(nóng)學(xué)報(bào),2012,27(2):180-184.

      [10]周紅菊. 不同濃度CPPU對(duì)歐亞旋覆花愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)的影響[J]. 湖北農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué), 2012,51(6):1268-1269.

      [11]段慧榮,李毅,蘇世平. 氯吡苯脲對(duì)紅砂愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)和增殖的影響及響應(yīng)面法優(yōu)化[J]. 中國(guó)沙漠,2012,32(3):801-805.

      [12]魏小萍,魏秀玲,張立全,等. CPPU在小麥花藥培養(yǎng)中的應(yīng)用效果[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),1995,13(4):15-17.

      [13]Li X,Qian Q,F(xiàn)u Z,et al. Control of tillering in rice[J]. Nature,2003,422:618-621.

      [14]Takeda T,Suwa Y,Suzuki M,et al. The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice[J]. The Plant Journal,2003,33:513-520.

      [15]Ishikawa S,Maekawa M,Arite T,et al. Supression of tiller bud activity in tillering dwarf mutants of rice[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2005,46:79-86.

      [16]趙會(huì)杰,鄒琪,張秀英. 兩個(gè)不同穗型小麥品種生育后期碳水化合物代謝的比較研究[J]. 作物學(xué)報(bào),2003,29(5):676-681.

      [17]李春喜,趙廣才,代西梅,等.小麥分蘗變化動(dòng)態(tài)與內(nèi)源激素關(guān)系的研究[J].作物學(xué)報(bào),2000,26(6):963-968.

      [18]張倩輝,張曉科,劉偉華,等. 小麥有效分蘗數(shù)的遺傳分析[J]. 麥類作物學(xué)報(bào),2008, 28(4):573-576.

      [19]Richards R A A. Tiller inhibition gene in wheat and its effecton plant growth[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,39:749-757.

      [20]Spielmeyer W,Richards R A. Comparative mapping of wheat chromosome 1AS which contains the tiller inhibition gene(tin)with rice chromosome 5S[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2004,109:1303-1310.

      [21]Peng Z S,Yen C,Yang J L. Genetic control of oligo-culmsin common wheat[J]. Wheat Information Service,1998,26:19-24.

      [22]Kuraparthy V,Sood S,Dhaliwal H S,et al. Identification and mapping of a tiller inhabition gene(tin3) in wheat[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetic,2007,114:285-294.

      [23]李永輝,白遠(yuǎn)國(guó),鄧紅云,等. “保冠一號(hào)”番茄子葉與下胚軸的愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)與植株再生[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2007,35(12):3475,3507.

      [24]陳雄偉,陳剛,王瑛華. TDZ和CPPU對(duì)鼎湖山紫背天葵不定芽誘導(dǎo)的影響[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2009,37(27):13336-13338.

      [25]周紅武. 小麥成熟期主莖形態(tài)與單株有效分蘗數(shù)的關(guān)系[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè), 2007(36):1-4.

      [26]Thimann K V, Skoog F. On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Viciafaba [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series B, 1934, 114:317-339.

      [27]Leyser O. Regulation of shoot branching by auxin [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8:541-545.

      [28]Leyser O. The fall and rise of apical dominance [J]. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 2005, 15: 468-471.

      [29]Burch L R, Horgan R. The purification of cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays kernels[J]. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28:1313-1319.

      [30]Hare P D, Van Staden J. Inhibitory effect of thidiazuron on the activity of cytokinin oxidase isolated from soybean callus[J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 1994, 35:1121- 1125.

      [31]Bilyeu K D, Cole J L, Laskey J G, et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytokinin oxidase from maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 2001, 125:378-386.

      [12]魏小萍,魏秀玲,張立全,等. CPPU在小麥花藥培養(yǎng)中的應(yīng)用效果[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),1995,13(4):15-17.

      [13]Li X,Qian Q,F(xiàn)u Z,et al. Control of tillering in rice[J]. Nature,2003,422:618-621.

      [14]Takeda T,Suwa Y,Suzuki M,et al. The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice[J]. The Plant Journal,2003,33:513-520.

      [15]Ishikawa S,Maekawa M,Arite T,et al. Supression of tiller bud activity in tillering dwarf mutants of rice[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2005,46:79-86.

      [16]趙會(huì)杰,鄒琪,張秀英. 兩個(gè)不同穗型小麥品種生育后期碳水化合物代謝的比較研究[J]. 作物學(xué)報(bào),2003,29(5):676-681.

      [17]李春喜,趙廣才,代西梅,等.小麥分蘗變化動(dòng)態(tài)與內(nèi)源激素關(guān)系的研究[J].作物學(xué)報(bào),2000,26(6):963-968.

      [18]張倩輝,張曉科,劉偉華,等. 小麥有效分蘗數(shù)的遺傳分析[J]. 麥類作物學(xué)報(bào),2008, 28(4):573-576.

      [19]Richards R A A. Tiller inhibition gene in wheat and its effecton plant growth[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,39:749-757.

      [20]Spielmeyer W,Richards R A. Comparative mapping of wheat chromosome 1AS which contains the tiller inhibition gene(tin)with rice chromosome 5S[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2004,109:1303-1310.

      [21]Peng Z S,Yen C,Yang J L. Genetic control of oligo-culmsin common wheat[J]. Wheat Information Service,1998,26:19-24.

      [22]Kuraparthy V,Sood S,Dhaliwal H S,et al. Identification and mapping of a tiller inhabition gene(tin3) in wheat[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetic,2007,114:285-294.

      [23]李永輝,白遠(yuǎn)國(guó),鄧紅云,等. “保冠一號(hào)”番茄子葉與下胚軸的愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)與植株再生[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2007,35(12):3475,3507.

      [24]陳雄偉,陳剛,王瑛華. TDZ和CPPU對(duì)鼎湖山紫背天葵不定芽誘導(dǎo)的影響[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2009,37(27):13336-13338.

      [25]周紅武. 小麥成熟期主莖形態(tài)與單株有效分蘗數(shù)的關(guān)系[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè), 2007(36):1-4.

      [26]Thimann K V, Skoog F. On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Viciafaba [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series B, 1934, 114:317-339.

      [27]Leyser O. Regulation of shoot branching by auxin [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8:541-545.

      [28]Leyser O. The fall and rise of apical dominance [J]. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 2005, 15: 468-471.

      [29]Burch L R, Horgan R. The purification of cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays kernels[J]. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28:1313-1319.

      [30]Hare P D, Van Staden J. Inhibitory effect of thidiazuron on the activity of cytokinin oxidase isolated from soybean callus[J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 1994, 35:1121- 1125.

      [31]Bilyeu K D, Cole J L, Laskey J G, et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytokinin oxidase from maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 2001, 125:378-386.

      [12]魏小萍,魏秀玲,張立全,等. CPPU在小麥花藥培養(yǎng)中的應(yīng)用效果[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),1995,13(4):15-17.

      [13]Li X,Qian Q,F(xiàn)u Z,et al. Control of tillering in rice[J]. Nature,2003,422:618-621.

      [14]Takeda T,Suwa Y,Suzuki M,et al. The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice[J]. The Plant Journal,2003,33:513-520.

      [15]Ishikawa S,Maekawa M,Arite T,et al. Supression of tiller bud activity in tillering dwarf mutants of rice[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2005,46:79-86.

      [16]趙會(huì)杰,鄒琪,張秀英. 兩個(gè)不同穗型小麥品種生育后期碳水化合物代謝的比較研究[J]. 作物學(xué)報(bào),2003,29(5):676-681.

      [17]李春喜,趙廣才,代西梅,等.小麥分蘗變化動(dòng)態(tài)與內(nèi)源激素關(guān)系的研究[J].作物學(xué)報(bào),2000,26(6):963-968.

      [18]張倩輝,張曉科,劉偉華,等. 小麥有效分蘗數(shù)的遺傳分析[J]. 麥類作物學(xué)報(bào),2008, 28(4):573-576.

      [19]Richards R A A. Tiller inhibition gene in wheat and its effecton plant growth[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,39:749-757.

      [20]Spielmeyer W,Richards R A. Comparative mapping of wheat chromosome 1AS which contains the tiller inhibition gene(tin)with rice chromosome 5S[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2004,109:1303-1310.

      [21]Peng Z S,Yen C,Yang J L. Genetic control of oligo-culmsin common wheat[J]. Wheat Information Service,1998,26:19-24.

      [22]Kuraparthy V,Sood S,Dhaliwal H S,et al. Identification and mapping of a tiller inhabition gene(tin3) in wheat[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetic,2007,114:285-294.

      [23]李永輝,白遠(yuǎn)國(guó),鄧紅云,等. “保冠一號(hào)”番茄子葉與下胚軸的愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)與植株再生[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2007,35(12):3475,3507.

      [24]陳雄偉,陳剛,王瑛華. TDZ和CPPU對(duì)鼎湖山紫背天葵不定芽誘導(dǎo)的影響[J]. 安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2009,37(27):13336-13338.

      [25]周紅武. 小麥成熟期主莖形態(tài)與單株有效分蘗數(shù)的關(guān)系[J]. 北京農(nóng)業(yè), 2007(36):1-4.

      [26]Thimann K V, Skoog F. On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Viciafaba [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series B, 1934, 114:317-339.

      [27]Leyser O. Regulation of shoot branching by auxin [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8:541-545.

      [28]Leyser O. The fall and rise of apical dominance [J]. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 2005, 15: 468-471.

      [29]Burch L R, Horgan R. The purification of cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays kernels[J]. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28:1313-1319.

      [30]Hare P D, Van Staden J. Inhibitory effect of thidiazuron on the activity of cytokinin oxidase isolated from soybean callus[J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 1994, 35:1121- 1125.

      [31]Bilyeu K D, Cole J L, Laskey J G, et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytokinin oxidase from maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 2001, 125:378-386.

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