□高德勝
祈使句型探秘
□高德勝
祈使句是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人對(duì)他人的叮囑、勸告、請(qǐng)求或命令等,往往表示請(qǐng)求、命令、希望、禁止、勸告等意思。
祈使句一般沒(méi)有主語(yǔ),實(shí)際上是省略了主語(yǔ)“You”。句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào),用降調(diào)朗讀??隙ńY(jié)構(gòu)都以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。如:
Tell me the news.告訴我這消息。(讓“你“告訴這個(gè)消息)
Catch the ball!接球?。ㄗ尅澳恪苯忧颍?/p>
Go and ask the teacher.去問(wèn)問(wèn)老師。(讓“你”去問(wèn)老師)
1.祈使句的肯定句式有三種形式
(1)Do型(以行為動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭)
Sit down!坐下!Stand up!起立!
(2)Be型(以be開(kāi)頭)
Be quiet!安靜!
(3)Let型(以let開(kāi)頭)
Let me help you to carry the box.讓我來(lái)幫你搬這個(gè)箱子。
注意:三種句型中Do型是最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。表示請(qǐng)求、勸告的祈使句還常常在句前或句末加上Please,構(gòu)成句式Please...或...please.以使語(yǔ)氣更加緩和或客氣。如:
Please stand up.或Stand up,p lease.請(qǐng)站起來(lái)。
Please have a rest.或Have a rest,p lease.請(qǐng)休息一下。
2.祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是以“Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形”開(kāi)頭。
Don’t p lay football in the street.別在街上踢足球!
Don’t go there,p lease.請(qǐng)別去那兒。
Don’t be late.不要遲到。
Don’t let him in.不要讓他進(jìn)來(lái)。
注意:Let’s型祈使句,其否定式也可用Let’s not。如:
Let’s not have rest.咱們別休息了。
Let’s not sit here!我們不要坐在這兒!
【練一練】
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Jack,____________play around here.Your sister is asleep now.
A.doesn’t B.not C.no D.don’t(2015四川綿陽(yáng))
2.____________on the grass,or it will“cry”.
A.To walk B.Not to walk
C.W alk D.Don’t walk(2015陜西)
3.____________kind and help ful to the peop le around us,and we will make
the world a nice p lace to live in.
A.Be B.Being C.To be D.Been(2015河南)
4.Please____________ your exam papers once again before handing them in.
A.going over B.went over
C.go over D.to go over(2015上海)
5.____________along the street,and you can find the hotel on your right,next to the market.
A.Walk B.To walk
C.W alks D.Walking(2015吉林長(zhǎng)春)
Ⅱ.將下列漢語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)
1.請(qǐng)照看好您的包。____________
2.讓我們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物吧!____________
3.親愛(ài)的,高興點(diǎn)兒!____________
4.不要在教室大聲說(shuō)話!____________
5.不要讓狗進(jìn)來(lái)。____________
參考答案:
Ⅰ.1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A
Ⅱ.1.Please look after your bag.2.Let’s go shopping!3.Be glad,dear!4.Don’t talk aloud in the classroom.5.Don’t let the dog come in./Let the dog not come in.