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      131I治療前刺激性Tg在分化型甲狀腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估及治療決策中的意義

      2015-03-20 12:09:07趙騰梁軍林巖松
      關(guān)鍵詞:界值甲狀腺癌指南

      趙騰 梁軍 林巖松

      131I治療前刺激性Tg在分化型甲狀腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估及治療決策中的意義

      趙騰 梁軍 林巖松

      甲狀腺球蛋白(Tg)是分化型甲狀腺癌(DTC)患者長(zhǎng)期隨訪的重要指標(biāo)之一。DTC患者的血清Tg監(jiān)測(cè)包括刺激性Tg(sTg)(TSH>30 μIU/ml刺激狀態(tài)下的Tg水平)和非刺激性Tg(TSH抑制狀態(tài)下的Tg水平)測(cè)定,前者對(duì)于DTC患者的病情監(jiān)測(cè)具有更高的靈敏度和特異度。目前,“清甲”治療后sTg是DTC患者病情監(jiān)測(cè)的重要手段;而131I治療前sTg(ps-Tg)由于受殘余甲狀腺組織的影響,在DTC病情評(píng)估及治療決策方面的意義尚存在爭(zhēng)議。自2009年美國(guó)甲狀腺協(xié)會(huì)的相關(guān)指南中指出ps-Tg水平可能對(duì)DTC患者的疾病狀態(tài)有一定的預(yù)測(cè)作用后,近5年來(lái)有關(guān)ps-Tg與131I治療后疾病狀態(tài)與預(yù)后間關(guān)系的研究備受關(guān)注。筆者主要就ps-Tg在DTC風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估及治療決策中的意義進(jìn)行綜述。

      甲狀腺球蛋白;碘放射性同位素;近距離放射療法;分化型甲狀腺癌

      甲狀腺癌是最常見(jiàn)的內(nèi)分泌惡性腫瘤,近年來(lái),其發(fā)病率在全球范圍內(nèi)逐年上升[1]。其中,約90%為分化型甲狀腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC),以甲狀腺乳頭狀癌和甲狀腺濾泡狀癌為主。DTC的規(guī)范化治療策略主要包括:手術(shù)切除、術(shù)后選擇性131I治療以及TSH抑制治療。其中,131I治療是DTC術(shù)后治療的重要手段,其作用在于:①清除DTC術(shù)后殘留的甲狀腺組織,簡(jiǎn)稱“清甲”治療;②清除手術(shù)不能切除的攝碘性轉(zhuǎn)移灶,簡(jiǎn)稱“清灶”治療。甲狀腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)是一種由甲狀腺濾泡上皮細(xì)胞分泌的特異性蛋白,分化程度較好的DTC細(xì)胞Tg分泌活躍,因此Tg也是目前DTC患者長(zhǎng)期隨訪過(guò)程中進(jìn)行病情監(jiān)測(cè)的重要指標(biāo)。DTC患者的血清Tg監(jiān)測(cè)包括刺激性Tg(stimulated thyroglobulin,sTg)和非刺激性Tg測(cè)定,前者是指術(shù)后未服或停服甲狀腺激素后TSH升高(>30 μIU/ml)狀態(tài)下測(cè)定的血清Tg。sTg主要包含兩層含義:術(shù)后或131I治療前sTg(preablative stimulated thyroglobulin,ps-Tg)和經(jīng)131I成功“清甲”治療后sTg。DTC患者在行甲狀腺全切術(shù)及131I“清甲”治療后,若無(wú)甲狀腺殘余或轉(zhuǎn)移灶存在,體內(nèi)不應(yīng)再有Tg來(lái)源,因此在沒(méi)有抗體干擾的情況下,“清甲”治療后sTg對(duì)DTC患者病情的監(jiān)測(cè)具有較高靈敏度和特異度[2]。而對(duì)于ps-Tg,由于受到殘余甲狀腺組織的影響,其在DTC診治中的意義尚存在爭(zhēng)議。自2009年美國(guó)甲狀腺協(xié)會(huì)(American Thyroid Association,ATA)的相關(guān)指南中提出ps-Tg水平可能對(duì)DTC患者的疾病狀態(tài)有一定的預(yù)測(cè)作用后[3],近5年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于ps-Tg與疾病狀態(tài)和預(yù)后間關(guān)系的研究亦有明顯進(jìn)展。我國(guó)2012年的《甲狀腺結(jié)節(jié)和分化型甲狀腺癌診治指南》進(jìn)一步將ps-Tg納入了131I治療前再評(píng)估的內(nèi)容[4]。本文主要就ps-Tg監(jiān)測(cè)的相關(guān)影響因素、ps-Tg在DTC風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估及治療決策中的意義及其研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述。

      1 ps-Tg監(jiān)測(cè)的相關(guān)影響因素

      1.1 TSH的影響

      DTC患者術(shù)后的ps-Tg水平受到多種因素的影響,主要包括TSH水平、甲狀腺球蛋白抗體(thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)水平、檢測(cè)方法以及殘余甲狀腺組織多少等[5]。其中,TSH是正常甲狀腺細(xì)胞或DTC細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生和釋放Tg最重要的刺激因子。由于DTC細(xì)胞膜上存在TSH受體,患者在接受TSH刺激后可以增加一些甲狀腺特異性蛋白的表達(dá)量,如Tg、鈉碘同向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體等,并加快細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)速度。在TSH抑制狀態(tài)下,DTC分泌Tg的能力也受到抑制,導(dǎo)致部分殘留腫瘤無(wú)法被靈敏地檢出[6-7];而TSH升高可刺激正常甲狀腺和DTC細(xì)胞釋放Tg[8]。因此,為更靈敏、準(zhǔn)確地反映病情,目前多通過(guò)停用甲狀腺激素或應(yīng)用人重組TSH(recombinant human thyrotropin,rhTSH)的方法,使血清TSH水平升高至>30 μIU/ml后再行Tg檢測(cè),即為sTg測(cè)定[2]。多數(shù)患者TSH水平隨著術(shù)后未服或停服甲狀腺激素時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而升高,同一患者在不同TSH水平刺激下Tg的測(cè)量值也常常不同。近期研究顯示,將sTg測(cè)量終點(diǎn)的TSH界值定為>30 μIU/ml對(duì)一些患者而言并不合適[9],因?yàn)樵S多患者在以TSH>30 μIU/ml為截點(diǎn)時(shí)測(cè)量的sTg水平并沒(méi)有達(dá)到峰值,隨著停藥時(shí)間繼續(xù)延長(zhǎng),其sTg水平可能會(huì)隨TSH上升而進(jìn)一步增高。故不同TSH水平會(huì)對(duì)ps-Tg的測(cè)量值造成影響。

      1.2 TgAb的影響

      TgAb是針對(duì)Tg產(chǎn)生的抑制性自身抗體,主要來(lái)源于甲狀腺內(nèi)淋巴細(xì)胞,多見(jiàn)于甲狀腺自身免疫性疾病患者,是機(jī)體免疫功能紊亂的標(biāo)志。DTC患者中約25%的TgAb檢測(cè)結(jié)果呈陽(yáng)性,這一比例高于正常人群[10]。TgAb的存在會(huì)降低血清Tg的檢測(cè)值,影響通過(guò)Tg監(jiān)測(cè)病情的準(zhǔn)確性。TgAb陽(yáng)性時(shí),血清中的Tg可以游離Tg和Tg-TgAb兩種形式存在,由于TgAb與Tg結(jié)合的位點(diǎn)上存在酶的催化位點(diǎn),故TgAb具有酶活性,可以催化Tg水解,導(dǎo)致血及甲狀腺中的Tg減少,對(duì)Tg的測(cè)量值造成干擾[11],從而降低了Tg作為DTC腫瘤標(biāo)志物的靈敏度。TgAb的干擾在很大程度上造成了臨床醫(yī)生根據(jù)血清Tg水平對(duì)疾病情況判斷上的困難。為了減少這種干擾造成的錯(cuò)誤判斷,應(yīng)在檢測(cè)Tg水平的同時(shí)篩查T(mén)gAb是否陽(yáng)性。此外,近期一些研究表明,血清TgAb的變化與DTC患者的復(fù)發(fā)及預(yù)后相關(guān)[12-13],因此,監(jiān)測(cè)TgAb水平也有助于觀察患者術(shù)后的病情變化、治療療效并輔助其治療決策。

      1.3 不同檢測(cè)方法的影響

      檢測(cè)方法的不同也可能導(dǎo)致Tg的測(cè)定結(jié)果存在較大差異,這就要求每例患者應(yīng)在隨訪期間盡可能接受同種測(cè)量方法的檢查,結(jié)果應(yīng)采用CRM-457國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)校準(zhǔn)。目前,臨床常用的血清Tg檢測(cè)方法主要是電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析法(electrochemiluminescence immunoassay,ECLIA)和放射免疫分析法(radioimmunoassay,RIA)。前者因其檢測(cè)時(shí)間較短、可實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)操作、試劑有效期長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而更多地被采用[14],但ECLIA法較RIA法更易受到TgAb的干擾,采用ECLIA法同時(shí)測(cè)定Tg和TgAb時(shí),TgAb的存在可導(dǎo)致Tg的測(cè)定值低于真實(shí)值,容易造成假陰性,且其干擾程度呈濃度依賴性[15]。因此,對(duì)于TgAb陽(yáng)性的患者,采用RIA檢測(cè)血清Tg水平較好,但并不是所有實(shí)驗(yàn)室都具備這種條件,且該法可能會(huì)造成假陽(yáng)性[10]。

      1.4 殘余甲狀腺的影響

      此外,絕大多數(shù)DTC患者術(shù)后仍存在殘余甲狀腺,而殘留的正常甲狀腺組織仍是血清Tg的來(lái)源之一,目前尚無(wú)明確檢測(cè)方法能夠區(qū)分“清甲”治療前Tg的產(chǎn)生來(lái)源,如殘余的正常甲狀腺、腫瘤組織或者轉(zhuǎn)移灶等。因此,相較于“清甲”治療后sTg,一些研究者認(rèn)為ps-Tg在發(fā)現(xiàn)DTC殘留或復(fù)發(fā)方面的靈敏度和特異度不高[15-16]。目前,關(guān)于ps-Tg區(qū)分正常甲狀腺和甲狀腺癌組織的界值仍不詳[3],因此應(yīng)結(jié)合術(shù)后殘留腺體情況以及其他檢查結(jié)果進(jìn)行綜合分析。

      2 ps-Tg與DTC患者疾病狀態(tài)、“清甲”效果及預(yù)后

      ps-Tg水平與腫瘤的切除和殘留情況密切相關(guān)。2009年ATA指南指出,低水平ps-Tg對(duì)于提示無(wú)殘余腫瘤具有較高的陰性預(yù)測(cè)值[3],而高水平ps-Tg可能提示腫瘤持續(xù)存在[17-19]。

      2.1 ps-Tg與131I治療后疾病緩解

      低水平ps-Tg是甲狀腺近完全切除的標(biāo)志,通常意味著較低的復(fù)發(fā)率和較好的預(yù)后[17-18,20-21]。研究表明,ps-Tg<1~2 ng/ml是腫瘤緩解的有效預(yù)測(cè)因子[18,20]。近年來(lái),Kim等[22]進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn),ps-Tg<3.3 ng/ml對(duì)治療后1年內(nèi)達(dá)到血清學(xué)緩解(sTg<2 ng/ml)具有預(yù)測(cè)作用;González等[23]進(jìn)一步報(bào)道,DTC術(shù)后、131I“清甲”治療前的“基線sTg”是初始治療后18~24個(gè)月內(nèi)疾病緩解的有效預(yù)測(cè)因子,并通過(guò)受試者工作曲線得出其預(yù)測(cè)無(wú)病狀態(tài)的最佳診斷界值為8.55 ng/ml。

      2.2 ps-Tg與131I治療后疾病持續(xù)或復(fù)發(fā)

      許多研究表明,ps-Tg是疾病持續(xù)或復(fù)發(fā)的有力預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)[2,17,24]。早在1990年,Tourniaire等[25]就指出,甲狀腺腺葉切除術(shù)后及隨訪過(guò)程中若出現(xiàn)Tg水平升高,即可能預(yù)示著腫瘤的復(fù)發(fā)。近年來(lái),許多研究表明ps-Tg在1~2 ng/ml以上可能意味著更高的DTC復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[15,17-18,20,26-27]。多因素分析均顯示ps-Tg是疾病持續(xù)或復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子[20,27]。研究顯示,通過(guò)停服左甲狀腺素方法得到的ps-Tg水平預(yù)測(cè)疾病持續(xù)或復(fù)發(fā)的最佳診斷界值點(diǎn)介于20~30 ng/ml[28-29]。Kim等[30]進(jìn)一步將ps-Tg水平與ATA指南中的復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合來(lái)評(píng)估DTC患者經(jīng)過(guò)高劑量131I治療的預(yù)后。結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)于任一復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)組的患者,ps-Tg>5.22 ng/ml均與疾病持續(xù)或復(fù)發(fā)相關(guān)。近期的研究表明,停藥后ps-Tg>28 ng/ml(或rhTSH刺激下ps-Tg>2.8 ng/ml)時(shí)即與疾病復(fù)發(fā)或持續(xù)狀態(tài)有關(guān)[31]。筆者認(rèn)為,Tg水平受TSH刺激后上升需要一定的反應(yīng)時(shí)限,rhTSH刺激后得到的ps-Tg界值較停藥法低可能與rhTSH刺激后TSH迅速上升而Tg分泌響應(yīng)相對(duì)滯后有關(guān)。此外,ps-Tg水平還受腫瘤負(fù)荷的影響[31]。

      2.3 ps-Tg與DTC遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移

      ps-Tg還可用于預(yù)測(cè)甲狀腺床外的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移灶。Makarewicz等[32]報(bào)道,ps-Tg對(duì)DTC術(shù)后患者轉(zhuǎn)移灶的發(fā)現(xiàn)具有一定預(yù)測(cè)作用;盡管ps-Tg<2 ng/ml時(shí)也不能完全排除遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的可能,研究顯示,ps-Tg>5~10 ng/ml時(shí),治療后131I全身顯像發(fā)現(xiàn)攝碘性遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移灶的可能性增加[33]。本課題組的一項(xiàng)前期研究顯示,ps-Tg水平異常升高是預(yù)測(cè)DTC遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏指標(biāo)[34]。有助于及早發(fā)現(xiàn)常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查無(wú)法篩查出的隱匿病灶,其最佳診斷界值點(diǎn)為52.75 μg/L[35]。

      2.4 ps-Tg與DTC患者131I“清甲”治療效果

      研究表明,停藥后ps-Tg在5~6 ng/ml以上與1.11 GBq(30 mCi)或3.7 GBq(100mCi)131I“清甲”治療失敗相關(guān)[36-37],且停藥后ps-Tg>6 ng/ml者應(yīng)用1.11 GBq(30 mCi)131I治療時(shí),其“清甲”治療失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可增高5倍[36]。而Lee等[38]報(bào)道,當(dāng)ps-Tg<2 ng/ml時(shí),94.9%的患者對(duì)首次131I“清甲”治療有相當(dāng)好的治療反應(yīng)。近期研究表明,ps-Tg和與其相應(yīng)的Tg/TSH值都與“清甲”治療效果顯著相關(guān)[39],其中,ps-Tg預(yù)測(cè)“清甲”成功與否的界值為18 ng/ml,Tg/TSH的界值為0.35,后者是“清甲”治療成功更好的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。

      2.5 ps-Tg與DTC患者預(yù)后

      ps-Tg水平是影響DTC患者預(yù)后的重要因素。Lee等[40]報(bào)道,ps-Tg水平是DTC患者術(shù)后無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)生存的有效預(yù)測(cè)因子,當(dāng)ps-Tg<4.4 ng/ml時(shí),5年內(nèi)無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)生存患者的比例為91.6%;而當(dāng)ps-Tg≥4.4 ng/ml時(shí),則僅有56.8%的患者5年內(nèi)未出現(xiàn)疾病復(fù)發(fā)。ps-Tg高水平(>10~30 ng/ml)與不良預(yù)后相關(guān)[20,28,41]。Huang等[42]針對(duì)DTC遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的患者進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)期隨訪,結(jié)果表明,發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)sTg<400 μg/L是生存率的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子,且sTg水平較低者其疾病緩解率也相對(duì)較高。Kim等[43]進(jìn)一步對(duì)遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移性DTC患者生存率的影響因素進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果顯示,發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí),sTg<215 ng/ml的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移性DTC患者可能有著相對(duì)較好的預(yù)后。

      3 ps-Tg在131 I治療前評(píng)估及治療決策中的意義

      2009年ATA指南[3]中將DTC患者的術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分為低、中、高危3層,其中,具備以下特點(diǎn)之一即被視為高危復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的患者:①肉眼可見(jiàn)的腫瘤侵犯;②未完全切除腫瘤;③有遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移;④術(shù)后檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)Tg水平超標(biāo)。而對(duì)于131I治療前評(píng)估中ps-Tg水平超標(biāo)的具體判斷界值,各指南中尚未給出明確推薦。

      目前一般認(rèn)為,ps-Tg用于篩選出可能從131I治療中獲益的DTC患者比其在排除無(wú)需行131I治療的患者方面更有意義。比如,當(dāng)ps-Tg在5~10 ng/ml以上時(shí),為了修正最初危險(xiǎn)分級(jí)并方便隨訪,那些低危復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或原本只需選擇性應(yīng)用131I治療的中危DTC患者也可能需要進(jìn)行131I治療。我國(guó)2012年的《甲狀腺結(jié)節(jié)和分化型甲狀腺癌診治指南》將不明原因的血清Tg水平升高納入131I治療前評(píng)估中,并推薦對(duì)于這部分患者進(jìn)行131I治療時(shí)可直接應(yīng)用3.7~7.4 GBq的劑量,以期在“清甲”治療的同時(shí)兼顧“清灶”目的[4]。然而,目前對(duì)于行經(jīng)驗(yàn)性131I治療的ps-Tg水平界值尚未給出明確推薦。近期一項(xiàng)前瞻性研究提出將ps-Tg>5 ng/ml作為131I治療的指征[44],如前所述,ps-Tg在5~30 ng/ml以上時(shí)會(huì)增加疾病持續(xù)或復(fù)發(fā)、伴有遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移、首次“清甲”失敗以及不良預(yù)后的可能性,因此,對(duì)于ps-Tg>5 ng/ml的DTC患者,可能需要進(jìn)一步評(píng)估及治療。

      目前,ATA指南和我國(guó)指南中尚未明確將ps-Tg低水平單獨(dú)作為131I治療前評(píng)估的一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,但近年來(lái)一些研究顯示,在沒(méi)有TgAb干擾的情況下,ps-Tg低水平是甲狀腺近完全切除的標(biāo)志,可能對(duì)一些患者治療決策的合理制定具有重要意義。Rosario等[45]報(bào)道,ps-Tg≤1 ng/ml時(shí),低?;颊呤欠裥?31I“清甲”治療不會(huì)對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)率造成影響,這部分患者可直接過(guò)渡到TSH抑制治療。Ibrahimpasic等[46]的研究進(jìn)一步顯示,甲狀腺全切術(shù)后Tg≤1 ng/ml時(shí),低危和中危組患者可不行131I“清甲”治療。2013年美國(guó)國(guó)立綜合癌癥網(wǎng)絡(luò)甲狀腺癌指南中明確提出,對(duì)于甲狀腺全切術(shù)后T1b/T2N0或少于3~5個(gè)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的N1a的甲狀腺乳頭狀癌患者,若無(wú)TgAb干擾時(shí)Tg<1 ng/ml且診斷性131I全身顯像甲狀腺床無(wú)明確甲狀腺組織,則無(wú)需行131I“清甲”治療,可直接過(guò)渡到TSH抑制治療[47]。在131I治療劑量方面,對(duì)于ps-Tg低水平的非高危DTC患者,ATA指南及我國(guó)指南均推薦1.11~3.7 GBq的“清甲”治療劑量。盡管以往認(rèn)為理論上“清甲”成功率應(yīng)隨著131I活性的增加而增加[48],但近年來(lái)有研究證實(shí),應(yīng)用低劑量放射性碘(1.11 GBq)與高劑量放射性碘(3.7 GBq)在甲狀腺殘余組織清除率以及腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率方面無(wú)明顯差異[49-50],采用低劑量放射性碘同樣可將Tg降至理想水平,且治療后的不良反應(yīng)明顯少于高劑量組。

      上述證據(jù)提示:ps-Tg在DTC患者131I治療前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估中具有重要意義,影響著131I治療決策及治療劑量的合理制定。

      4 小結(jié)與展望

      綜上所述,近年來(lái)有關(guān)ps-Tg與患者131I治療后疾病狀態(tài)、“清甲”效果以及預(yù)后等關(guān)系的研究已經(jīng)取得了較大進(jìn)展,但尚缺乏大宗臨床研究以及長(zhǎng)期隨訪資料,許多問(wèn)題仍有待今后深入研究。在分析其臨床價(jià)值時(shí)如何避免TSH、TgAb及殘余甲狀腺組織對(duì)檢測(cè)結(jié)果的影響,以及如何確定合適的ps-Tg判斷界值等問(wèn)題仍需要進(jìn)一步探討和解決。在將來(lái)的工作中,ps-Tg在DTC患者風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值將會(huì)得到進(jìn)一步研究,其在指導(dǎo)DTC治療策略的合理制定方面也將起到重要作用。

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      The role of preablative stimulated thyroglobulin in guiding risk estimation and therapeutic decisions of differentiated thyroid carcinoma

      Zhao Teng*,Liang Jun,Lin Yansong.*Department of Nuclear Medicine,Peking Union Medical college Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China

      LiangJun,Email:liangjun1959@aliyun.com;LinYansong,Email:linys@pumch.cn

      Serum thyroglobulin(Tg)is an important modality in the long term follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC).Measurements of serum Tg include stimulated thyroglobulin(sTg)which is usually obtained following TSH stimulation with an elevated TSH level above 30 μIU/ml, and unstimulated Tg which is obtained during thyroid hormone suppression of TSH.Compared with the latter one,the sensitivity and specificity of sTg are better for the surveillance of DTCs.Currently,postablative sTg is well accepted as an important indicator for monitoring residual or recurrent disease.However, because of the influence of thyroid remnant,the value of preablative sTg(ps-Tg)in risk estimation and clinical decision-making remains controversial.According to the American Thyroid Association guidelines revised in 2009,ps-Tg might be helpful in predicting disease status after ablation.In the recent 5 years,several studies focusing on the relationship between ps-Tg and disease status after ablation as well as patients’prognosis have attracted much attention.This article summarizes the relevant advances and controversies about the role of ps-Tg in guiding risk assessment and therapeutic decisions of DTCs.

      Thyroglobulin;Iodine radioisotopes;Brachytherapy;Differentiated thyroid carcinoma

      2015-01-06)

      10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.013

      國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(30970850);衛(wèi)生行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201202012)

      100730,中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院,北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院核醫(yī)學(xué)科(趙騰,林巖松);266003,青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院腫瘤科(趙騰,梁軍)

      梁軍(Email:liangjun1959@aliyun.com);林巖松(Email:linys@pumch.cn)

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