夏偉麗, 黃　兵, 朱順海, 門啟斐, 韓紅玉, 董　輝, 趙其平

(1.上海師范大學(xué) 生命與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,上海 200234;2.中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院 上海獸醫(yī)研究所 農(nóng)業(yè)部動物寄生蟲學(xué)重點實驗室,上海 200241)

中國蛙類原蟲與棘頭蟲名錄

夏偉麗1, 黃兵2, 朱順海2, 門啟斐1, 韓紅玉2, 董輝2, 趙其平2

(1.上海師范大學(xué) 生命與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,上海 200234;2.中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院 上海獸醫(yī)研究所 農(nóng)業(yè)部動物寄生蟲學(xué)重點實驗室,上海 200241)

摘要:為了解我國蛙類原蟲與棘頭蟲的種類與地理分布,收集了報道我國蛙類原蟲與棘頭蟲的相關(guān)文獻,依據(jù)較新的原蟲與棘頭蟲分類系統(tǒng)整理成名錄.共記錄在中國31種蛙體內(nèi)檢出原蟲61種,隸屬于7門、11綱、12目、14科、23屬;棘頭蟲8種,隸屬于1門、2綱、2目、2科、3屬.列出了每種原蟲和棘頭蟲的中文名稱、拉丁文名稱、命名人與命名年、宿主與寄生部位、地理分布及文獻來源等信息,為較全面了解我國蛙類原蟲與棘頭蟲的種類情況提供了基礎(chǔ)材料.

關(guān)鍵詞:蛙; 蟾蜍; 原蟲; 棘頭蟲

蛙是動物中的一大類,屬于兩棲類動物中的無尾目,已知種類有29科5000多種[1].由于蛙類的特殊生態(tài)價值和重要經(jīng)濟價值,在重點加強保護蛙類資源的同時,又要適度合理地開發(fā)利用蛙類資源.寄生蟲病是嚴重危害蛙類健康的疾病之一,蛙既是寄生蟲病的受害者,又是寄生蟲病的傳播者.常有對蛙類資源的不恰當(dāng)利用,造成人體感染寄生蟲病的報道[2-5].為便于人們對我國蛙類寄生蟲的種類與分布有較全面的了解,本文作者收集整理了在國內(nèi)外報道我國蛙類寄生蟲的資料,參照原生動物[6-8]和棘頭蟲[9]的分類系統(tǒng),現(xiàn)將蛙類原蟲與棘頭蟲的種類整理成名錄.

1原蟲

1.1　阿米巴門　Amoebozoa(Lühe,1913)Cavalier-Smith,1998

國內(nèi)在蛙體內(nèi)檢出阿米巴門原蟲1種,分類階元如下.

微管錐亞門Conosa Cavalier-Smith,1998

古阿米巴綱Archamoebea Cavalier-Smith,1983

泥生目Pelobiontida Page,1976

內(nèi)阿米巴科Entamoebidae Calkins,1926

雙核阿米巴屬DientamoebaDobell,1940

1.1.1脆弱雙核阿米巴DientamoebafragilisJepps et Dobe1l,1918[10]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍指明亞種(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).腸道.

地理分布:重慶(北碚).

1.2　頂復(fù)門　Apicomplexa Levine,1970

國內(nèi)在蛙體內(nèi)檢出頂復(fù)門原蟲4種,隸屬于1綱、1目、2科、2屬,分類階元如下.

球蟲綱Coccidea Leuckart,1879

真球蟲目Eucoccidiorida Léger et Duboscq,1910

阿代爾亞目Adeleorina Léger,1911

指狀蟲科Dactylosomatidae Jakowska et Nigrelli,1955

指狀蟲屬(DactylosomaLabbé,1894)

1.2.1康樂村指狀蟲DactylosomakangleounensisLi,1980[11]

同物異名:康樂村瘧焦蟲.

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).血液.

地理分布:廣東(廣州).

1.2.2林蛙指狀蟲DactylosomaranarumKruse,1890[12-13]

宿主和寄生部位:沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata).血液.

地理分布:四川(宜賓),臺灣.

1.2.3臺灣指狀蟲DactylosomataiwanensisManwell,1964[13]

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).血液.

地理分布:臺灣.

艾美耳亞目Eimeriorina Léger,1911

蘭克斯特科Lankesterellidae N?ller,1902

蘭克斯特屬LankesterellaLabbé,1899

1.2.4最小蘭克斯特球蟲Lankesterellaminima(Chaussat,1850)Labbé,1899[12]

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).血液(子孢子).

地理分布:四川(宜賓).

1.3　纖毛蟲門　Ciliophora Doflein,1901

國內(nèi)在蛙體內(nèi)檢出纖毛蟲門原蟲28種,隸屬于2綱、2目、3科、6屬,分類階元如下.

內(nèi)核亞門Intramacronucleata Lynn,1996

裂口綱Litostomatea Small et Lynn,1981

毛口亞綱Trichostomatia Bütschli,1889

胞口目Vestibuliferida de Puytorac,etal.,1974

腸袋科Balantidiidae Reichenow in Dofleinet Reichenow,1929

腸袋蟲屬BalantidiumClaparède et Lachmann,1858

1.3.1洪湖腸袋蟲BalantidiumhonghuensisLi,Li,Zhang,Wang,2013[14]

宿主和寄生部位:黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直腸.

地理分布:湖北(洪湖).

1.3.2中國腸袋蟲BalantidiumsinensisNie,1935[15]

宿主和寄生部位:黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金線蛙(Ranaplancyi).直腸.

地理分布:江蘇(南京).

寡膜綱Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac,etal.,1974

無口亞綱Astomatia Schewiakoff,1896

克利夫蘭目Clevelandellida de Puytorac et Grain,1976

腸腎科Nyctotheridae Amaro,1972

巨咽腸腎蟲屬MacrocytopharynxaLi,Wang et Xiao,2002

1.3.3靈川巨咽腸腎蟲MacrocytopharynxalingchuanensisLi,Wang et Xiao,2002[16-17]

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(靈川),湖南(岳陽).

1.3.4梨形巨咽腸腎蟲Macrocytopharynxapyriformis(Nie,1932)Li,Wang et Xiao,2002[16-17]

同物異名:NyctotheruspyriformisNie,1932;Nyctotheroidespyriformis(Nie,1932)Earl,1970.

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林),湖北(武昌),湖南(岳陽),江蘇(南京),上海.

擬腸腎蟲屬Nyctotheroides(Grassé,1928)Corlis,1961

1.3.5安陸擬腸腎蟲NyctotheroidesanluensisLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林),湖北(安陸,武昌),湖南(岳陽).

1.3.6蟾蜍擬腸腎蟲NyctotheroidesbufoidesLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:華西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金線蛙(Ranaplancyi).腸道.

地理分布:廣西(柳州),湖北(黃陂).

1.3.7橢圓擬腸腎蟲NyctotheroidesellipticusLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),日本林蛙(Ranajaponica).腸道.

地理分布:廣西(桂林,柳州).

1.3.8湖北擬腸腎蟲NyctotheroideshubeiensisLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:隆肛蛙(Ranaquadranus).直腸.

地理分布:湖北(利川).

1.3.9柳州擬腸腎蟲NyctotheroidesliuzhouensisLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:華西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi),沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),虎紋蛙(Ranarugulosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林,柳州).

1.3.10珞珈擬腸腎蟲NyctotheroidesluojiaensisLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:華西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi),澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),虎紋蛙(Ranarugulosa).直腸.

地理分布:湖北(武昌).

1.3.11南京擬腸腎蟲Nyctotheroidesnankingensis(Nie,1932)Li,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

同物異名:NyctotherusnankingensisNie,1932

宿主和寄生部位:沼蛙(Ranaguentheri).腸道.

地理分布:廣西(大圩,桂林,柳州,靈川),湖北(安陸,武昌),江蘇(南京),浙江(杭州).

1.3.12色素擬腸腎蟲NyctotheroidespigmentosaeLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:日本林蛙(Ranajaponica).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林).

1.3.13樹蛙擬腸腎蟲NyctotheroidesrhacophoriLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:斑腿樹蛙(Rhacophorusleucomysta),沼蛙(Ranaguentheri).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林).

管口科Sicuophoridae Amaro,1972

側(cè)管腸腎蟲屬ParasicuophoraAlbaret,1968

1.3.14心形側(cè)管腸腎蟲Parasicuophoracordiformis(Grasse,1928)Albaret,1968[16]

同物異名:NyctotheruscordiformisEhrenberg,1838;Bursariacordiformis(Bloch,1782)Ehrenberg,1838;OpalinacordiformisPerty,1852;Nyctotheruscordiformis(Ehrenberg,1838)Grassé,1928;Nyctotheroidescordiformis(Ehrenberg,1838)Grassé,1928;Nyctotheroidescordiformis(Ehrenberg,1838)Amaro et Sena,1968.

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),飾紋姬蛙(Microhylaornata),沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),日本林蛙(Ranajaponica)澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金線蛙(Ranaplancyi),虎紋蛙(Ranarugulosa).腸道.

地理分布:廣西(桂林),河南(封丘),湖北(安陸,武昌),湖南(岳陽),江蘇(南京),江西(九江),浙江(杭州).

1.3.15巨口側(cè)管腸腎蟲ParasicuophoramacrostomaeWang,Xiao et Li,1998[16,19]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金線蛙(Ranaplancyi).直腸.

地理分布:湖北(武昌,武漢),湖南(岳陽).

1.3.16姬蛙側(cè)管腸腎蟲ParasicuophoramicrohylaeWang,Xiao et Li,1998[16,19]

宿主和寄生部位:飾紋姬蛙(Microhylaornata).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林,靈川).

1.3.17微小側(cè)管腸腎蟲ParasicuophoraminutisWang,Xiao et Li,1998[16,19]

宿主和寄生部位:滇蛙(Ranapleuraden).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(靈川),湖北(利川).

1.3.18武昌側(cè)管腸腎蟲ParasicuophorawuchangensisWang,Xiao et Li,1998[16,19]

宿主和寄生部位:金線蛙(Ranaplancyi).直腸.

地理分布:湖北(武昌)

旋咽腸腎蟲屬SpirocytopharynxaLi,Wang et Xiao,2002

1.3.19廣西旋咽腸腎蟲SpirocytopharynxaguangxiensisLi,Wang et Xiao,2002[16-17]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(靈川),湖北(利川).

1.3.20隆蛙旋咽腸腎蟲SpirocytopharynxaquadranusLi,Wang et Xiao,2002[16-17]

宿主和寄生部位:隆肛蛙(Ranaquadranus).直腸.

地理分布:湖北(利川).

1.3.21中華旋咽腸腎蟲SpirocytopharynxasinensisLi,Wang et Xiao,2002[15,17]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(靈川),湖北(利川).

韋氏腸腎蟲屬WichtermaniaEarl,1972

1.3.22陳氏韋氏腸腎蟲Wichtermaniacheni(Wichterman,1934)Earl,1972[16,20-21]

同物異名:棘蛙韋氏腸腎蟲,陳氏腸腎蟲(NyctotheruscheniWichterman,1934).

宿主和寄生部位:棘腹蛙 (Ranaboulengeri),棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直腸.

地理分布:湖北(利川),福建.

1.3.23粒狀韋氏腸腎蟲WichtermaniagranuliformisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林).

1.3.24多粒韋氏腸腎蟲WichtermaniamultigranularisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(靈川),湖北(利川).

1.3.25傾斜韋氏腸腎蟲WichtermaniaobliquoidesXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林,靈川),湖北(利川).

1.3.26卵形韋氏腸腎蟲WichtermaniaoviformisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:滇蛙(Ranapleuraden),棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林,靈川).

1.3.27網(wǎng)紋韋氏腸腎蟲WichtermaniareticulatisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(靈川).

1.3.28泡狀韋氏腸腎蟲WichtermaniavesiformisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:滇蛙(Ranapleuraden).直腸

地理分布:廣西(靈川),湖北(利川).

1.4　眼蟲門　Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith,1981

國內(nèi)在蛙體內(nèi)檢出眼蟲門原蟲8種,隸屬于2綱、3目、3科、3屬,分類階元如下.

眼蟲綱Euglenoidea Bütschli,1884

眼蟲目Euglenida Butschli,1884

楔胞蟲科Sphenomonadaceae Leedale,1967

后線蟲屬MetanemaSenn,1900

1.4.1卵形后線蟲MetanemaovulaLi,Zhao et Zhou,2008[10,22]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍指明亞種(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).腸道.

地理分布:重慶(北碚).

溝滴蟲目Petalomonadida Cavalier-Smith,1993

溝滴蟲科Petalomonadaceae

溝滴蟲屬PetalomonasStein,1859

1.4.2切斷溝滴蟲Petalomonasabscissa(Dujardin,1841)Stein,1859[10,22]

同物異名:CyclidiumabcissumDujardin,1841

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍指明亞種(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).腸道.

地理分布:重慶(北碚).

1.4.3微小溝滴蟲PetalomonasminutaHollande,1942[10]

寄主及寄生部位:中華蟾蜍指名亞種(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).腸道.

地理分布:重慶(北碚).

動基體綱Kinetoplastea Honigberg,1963

錐蟲目Trypanosomatida(Kent,1880)Hollande,1952

錐蟲科Trypanosomatidae Dolfein,1901

錐蟲屬TrypanosomaGruby,1843

1.4.4加藤錐蟲TrypanosomachattoniMathis et Leger,1911[12]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans).血液.

地理分布:四川(彭縣).

1.4.5利川錐蟲TrypanosomalichuanensisLi,1993[23]

宿主和寄生部位:棘腹蛙(Ranaboulengeri).血液.

地理分布:湖北(利川).

1.4.6體甲錐蟲TrypanosomaloricatumMayer,1843[12]

宿主和寄生部位:黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata).血液.

地理分布:四川(宜賓).

1.4.7有輪錐蟲Trypanosomarotatorium(Mayer,1843)Laveran et Mesnil,1901[12]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata).血液.

地理分布:四川(彭縣,宜賓).

1.4.8宮田錐蟲TrypanosomatsunezomiyataiMiyata,1978[12]

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).血液.

地理分布:四川(宜賓).

1.5　不等鞭毛門　Heterokonta Cavalier-Smith,1986

國內(nèi)在蛙體內(nèi)檢出不等鞭毛門原蟲15種,隸屬于1綱、1目、1科、6屬,分類階元如下.

蛙片蟲綱Opalinea Wenyon,1926

蛙片蟲目Opalinida Poche,1913

蛙片蟲科Opalinidae Claus,1874

貝氏蛙片蟲屬BezzenbergeriaEarl,1973

1.5.1尖尾貝氏蛙片蟲Bezzenbergialanceolata(Bezzenberger,1904)Earl,1973[24]

同物異名:尖尾蛙片蟲(OpalinalanceolataBezzenberger,1904),尖尾棍蛙片蟲(Cepedealanceolata(Bezzenberger 1904)Metcalf,1923).

宿主和寄生部位:華西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金線蛙(Ranaplancyi).直腸

地理分布:湖北(武昌),湖南(岳陽).

棍蛙片蟲屬CepedeaMetcalf,1920

1.5.2博氏棍蛙片蟲中華亞種CepedeabuergerisinensisMetcalf,1923[25-26]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans).腸道.

地理分布:香港.

1.5.3長棍形蛙片蟲CepedealongaBezzenberger,1904[24]

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis),虎紋蛙(Ranarugulosa).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林),湖北(武昌),湖南(岳陽),江蘇(南京).

單核蛙片蟲屬HegneriellaEarl,1971

1.5.4杜氏單核蛙片蟲HegnerielladobelliEarl,1971[24]

宿主和寄生部位:灣岸蟾蜍(Bufovalliceps).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林).

蛙片蟲屬OpalinaPurkinje et Valentin,1835

1.5.5 尖腹蛙片蟲OpalinaacuminataNie,1932[25]

宿主和寄生部位:北方狹口蛙(Kaloulaborealis).腸道.

地理分布:江蘇(南京).

1.5.6陳氏蛙片蟲OpalinacheniNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:北方狹口蛙(Kaloulaborealis).腸道.

地理分布:江蘇(南京).

1.5.7對三角蛙片蟲拉塔亞種OpalinaobtrigonoideaformalataNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:北方狹口蛙(Kaloulaborealis).腸道.

地理分布:江蘇(南京).

1.5.8波狀蛙片蟲OpalinaundulataNie,1932[24-25]

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直腸.

地理分布:江蘇(南京),湖南(岳陽).

原蛙片蟲屬ProtoopalinaMetcalf,1918

1.5.9有尾原蛙片蟲姬蛙亞種ProioopalinacaudatamicrohylaNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:飾紋姬蛙(Microhylaornata).腸道.

地理分布:江蘇(南京).

1.5.10澤蛙原蛙片蟲ProtoopalinalimnocharisNie,1932[24-25]

宿主和寄生部位:澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林),湖北(武昌),湖南(岳陽),江蘇(南京).

1.5.11平氏原蛙片蟲ProtoopalinapingiNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:金線蛙(Ranaplancyi).腸道.

地理分布:江蘇(南京).

1.5.12云南原蛙片蟲ProtoopalinayunnanensisMetcalf,1940[25]

宿主和寄生部位:大蹼鈴蟾(Bombinamaxima).腸道.

地理分布:云南.

1.5.13云南原蛙片蟲陳氏亞種ProtoopalinayunnanensischeniMetcalf,1940[25]

宿主和寄生部位:大蹼鈴蟾(Bombinamaxima).腸道.

地理分布:云南.

雙核蛙片蟲屬ZelleriellaMetcalf,1920

1.5.14橢圓雙核蛙片蟲ZelleriellaellipticaChen,1948[24]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),華西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi).直腸.

地理分布:廣西(桂林),湖北(武昌).

1.5.15東方雙核蛙片蟲ZelleriellaorientalisNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:飾紋姬蛙(Microhylaornata).腸道.

地理分布:江蘇(南京).

1.6　后滴門　Metamonada Grassé,1952

國內(nèi)在蛙體內(nèi)檢出后滴門原蟲4種,隸屬于3綱、3目、3科、4屬,分類階元如下.

曲滴蟲綱Retortamonadea Grassé,1952

曲滴蟲目Retortamonadida Grassé,1952

曲滴蟲科Retortamonadidae Wenrich,1932

唇鞭蟲屬ChilomastixAlexeieff,1912

1.6.1巨大唇鞭蟲ChilomastixgigantaNie,1948[10,27]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍指明亞種(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).腸道.

地理分布:重慶(北碚).

毛滴蟲綱Trichomonadea Kirby,1947

毛滴蟲目Trichomondida Kirby,1947

毛滴蟲科Trichomonadidae Wenyon,1926

三毛滴蟲屬TritrichomonasKofoid,1920

1.6.2堂皇三毛滴蟲TritrichomonasaugustaAlexeieff,1911[10,27]

同物異名:TrichomonasangustaAlexeieff,1911

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍指明亞種(Bufogargarizansgargarizans),普通蟾蜍(Bufovulgaris).腸道.

地理分布:重慶(北碚).

三鞭滴蟲屬TrichomitusSwezy,1915

1.6.3蟾蜍三鞭滴蟲Trichomitusbatrachorum(Perty,1852)Krishnamurthy et Shete,1981[10,22,28]

同物異名:蛙毛滴蟲、蟾蜍毛滴蟲(TrichomonasbatrachorumPerty,1852),蛙三毛滴蟲、蟾蜍三毛滴蟲(TritrichomonasbatrachorumHonigberg,1953).

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍指明亞種(Bufogargarizansgargarizans),牛蛙(Ranacatesbeiana).腸道.

地理分布:重慶(北碚),福建(莆田).

雙滴蟲綱TrepomonadeaCavalier-Smith,1993

同物異名:Diplomonadea Wenyon,1926

雙滴蟲目Diplomonadida Wenyon,1926

同物異名:DistomatidaKlebs,1892

六鞭毛科Hexamitidae Kent,1880

六鞭毛蟲屬HexamitaDujardin,1841

1.6.4腸六鞭毛蟲HexamitaintestinalisDujardin,1841[10,27]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍指明亞種(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).腸道.

地理分布:重慶(北碚).

1.7　黏孢子門　Myxozoa Grasse,1970

國內(nèi)在蛙體內(nèi)僅檢出1種黏孢子門原蟲,其分類階元如下.

黏孢子綱Myxosporea Bütschli,1881

雙殼目Bivalvulida Shulman,1959

兩極科Myxidiidae Thélohan,1892

兩極屬MyxidiumBütschli,1822

1.7.1蛙兩極蟲MyxidiumboulengeriLi,1993[23]

宿主和寄生部位:棘腹蛙(Ranaboulengeri).膽囊.

地理分布:湖北(利川).

2棘頭蟲

國內(nèi)在蛙體內(nèi)檢出棘頭蟲8種,隸屬于1門、2綱、2目、2科、3屬,分類階元如下.

2.1　棘頭動物門　Acanthocephala Rudolphi,1808

始新棘頭蟲綱Eoacanthocephala Van Cleave,1 936

圓棘頭蟲目Gyracanthocephala Van Cleave,1936

四環(huán)科Quadrigyridae Van Cleave,1920

棘衣蟲屬PallisentisVan Cleave,1928

2.1.1隱藏棘衣蟲PallisentiscleatusVan Cleave,1928[29-30]

同物異名:NeosentiscleatusVan Cleave,1928;PallisentisneosentiscleatusVan Cleave,1928.

宿主和寄生部位:沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),金線蛙(Ranaplancyi),花臭蛙(Ranaschmackeri),虎紋蛙(Ranarugulosa).腸道.

地理分布:福建(莆田,福鼎,).

古棘頭蟲綱Palaecanthocephala Meyer,1931

棘吻目Echinorhynchida Petrochenko,1956

棘吻科Echinorhynchidae Cobbold,1876

棘頭蟲屬AcanthocephalusKoelreuter,1777

2.1.2細長棘頭蟲AcanthocephaluselongatusVan Cleave,1937[31]

宿主和寄生部位:日本蟾蜍(Bufojaponicus).腸道.

地理分布:湖南(長沙).

2.1.3光潔棘頭蟲AcanthocephaluslucidusVan Cleave,1925[32-34]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).腸道.

地理分布:福建(屏南,梅花山).

2.1.4蛙棘頭蟲Acanthocephalusranae(Schrank,1788)Lühe,1911[34-35]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).腸道.

地理分布:福建(龍巖,梅花山).

2.1.5中華棘頭蟲AcanthocephalussinensisVan Cleave,1937[31]

宿主和寄生部位:日本蟾蜍(Bufojaponicus),黑斑蛙 (Rananigromaculata).腸道.

地理分布:湖北(武昌),湖南(長沙),浙江(紹興).

偽棘頭蟲屬PseudoacanthocehpalusPetrochenko,1956

2.1.6蟾居偽棘頭蟲PseudoacanthocehpalusbufonicolaKostylew,1941[36]

宿主和寄生部位:黑框蟾蜍(Bufomelanostictus),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),虎紋蛙(Ranarugulosa).腸道.

地理分布:福建(福州).

2.1.7蟾蜍偽棘頭蟲Pseudoacanthocehpalusbufonis(Shipley,1903)Petrotschenko,1956[37,38]

同物異名:AcanthocephalusbufonisShipley,1903

宿主和寄生部位:黑框蟾蜍(Bufomelanostictus),大頭蛙(Limnonecteskuhlii),竹葉臭蛙(Odorranaversabilis),鋸?fù)刃渫?Philautusodontotarsus),斑腿泛樹蛙(Polypedatesmegacephalus),無聲囊泛樹蛙(Polypedatesmutus),虎紋蛙(Ranarugulosa),沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),澤蛙(Fejervaryalimnocharis),大綠蛙(Ranalivida),小角蟾(Xenophrysminor).腸道.

地理分布:福建(福州),廣西(西江,十萬大山國家級自然保護區(qū)).

2.1.8里斯偽棘頭蟲PseudoacanthocephalusreeseiBush,Duszynski et Nickol,2009[38]

宿主和寄生部位:中華蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),峨眉泛樹蛙(Polypedatesomeimontis),棘腹蛙 (Ranaboulengeri),澤蛙(Ranalimnocharis).小腸.

地理分布:貴州(寬闊水國家級自然保護區(qū)).

3結(jié)論

本文作者對我國蛙類原蟲與棘頭蟲種類進行了系統(tǒng)整理,共記錄原蟲7門、11綱、12目、14科、23屬、61種,棘頭蟲1門、2綱、2目、2科、3屬、8種,記述了每種原蟲與棘頭蟲的名稱、寄生宿主與部位、地理分布及文獻來源等信息,期望能提供一份較為完整的資料.盡管已盡全力檢索和查閱報道我國蛙類原蟲與棘頭蟲的文獻,但仍可能有極少數(shù)文獻被遺漏.動物(特別是原生動物)的分類系統(tǒng)在不斷發(fā)展變化,本文作者盡可能保持原文的分類體系,但也依據(jù)較新的分類系統(tǒng)進行了調(diào)整,使之更趨符合發(fā)展的需求.隨著我國蛙類寄生蟲調(diào)查與相關(guān)研究工作的開展,會不斷出現(xiàn)新的種類和新的記錄,及時全面掌握蛙類寄生蟲的種類與分布狀況,對有效控制蛙寄生蟲病的流行和做好人體寄生蟲病的防控將有積極作用.

致謝:在撰寫本文過程中,得到中國科學(xué)院水生生物研究所汪建國研究員、重慶師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院趙元莙教授惠贈資料,特此表示感謝.

參考文獻:

[1]WANG X Y.Species of frogs[EB/OL].[2014-6-12],http://www.frogvilla.com/cspecies/speciesindex.htm,

[2]HUANG D N,GENG Y J,ZHANG Q,et al.Studies on three cases of Angiostrongyiasis cantonensis infection through the contact with frogs[J].Journal of Tropical Medicine,2010,10(10):1218-1220.

[3]TIAN H,ZHU X M,YUAN X L,et al.One case on Sparganosis mansoni of mammary gland[J].Chinese Journal of Surgery of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2011,17(5):542-543.

[4]HUANG L H,NIU Y H,FANG X Q.Analysis of clinical in 6 patients with Sparganosis mansoni of oral and maxillofacial [J].Journal of Dental Prevention and Treatment,2013,21(7):382-384.

[5]ZHAO D J,WANG Y H.Diagnosis and treatment in 6 patients with Sparganosis mansoni of lung [J].Modern Practical Medicine,2014,26(1):20-21.

[6]HAUSMANN K,HULSMANN N,RADEK R.Protistology[M].Translated by SONG W B,et al.QingDao:China Ocean Press,2007.

[7]WIKIPEDIA.Protista taxonomy[EB/OL].[2014-06-16],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protista taxonomy#Phylum_Ciliophora_Doflein.2C_1901.

[8]LYNN D H.The Ciliate resource archive[EB/OL].2002-05-24[2014-06-17],http://www.uoguelph.ca/~ciliates/classification/genera.html.

[9]JAPAN OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER.Acanthocephala[EB/OL].[2013-07-04],http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/ bismal/e/view/0000020.

[10]LI Y.The morphology and taxonomy on 9 species of parasitic flagellates (Protozoa:Sarcomastigophora) from Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Normal University,2008.

[11]LI D S.Notes on a new species of Dactylosoma parasitized on Rana limnocharis:Dactylosoma kangleounensis[J].Journal of the Graduates Sun YAT-SEN University(Natural Sciences),1980(2):119-125.

[12]WERNER J K.Blood parasites of amphibians from Sichuan province,People's Republic of China[J].The Journal of Parasitology,1993,79(3):356-363.

[13]MANWELL R D.The genus Dactylosoma[J].The Journal of Protozoology,1964,11(4):526-530.

[14]LI M,LI W D,ZHANG L,et al.Balantidium honghuensis n.sp.(Ciliophora:Trichostomatidae) from the Rectum of Rana nigromaculata and R.limnocharis from Honghu Lake,China[J].The Korean Journal of Parasitology,2013,51(4):427-431.

[16]LI M,WANG J G,ZHANG J Y,et al.First report of two Balantidium species from the Chinese giant salamander,Andrias davidianus:Balantidium sinensis Nie 1935 and Balantidium andianusis n.sp.[J].Parasitology Research,2008,102(605-611.

[17]WANG J G,LI L X,XIAO W H.Taxonomical studies on parasitic Nyctotherans from Chinese anura amphibians V.taxonomic basis ang discussion[J].Fish Disease Research,2001,23(2):15-24.

[18]LI L X,WANG J G,XIAO W H.Taxonomic studies of parasitic nyctotherans from Chinese anura amphibians IV.Spirocytopharynxa gen.nov.and Macrocytopharynxa gen.nov.[J].Zoological Studies,2002,41(1):77-84.

[19]LI L X,WANG J G,XIAO W H.Taxonomical studies on parasitic nycrtotherans from Chinese anura amphibians I.Nyctotheroides[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1998,22 (Suppl):187-196.

[20]WANG J G,XIAO W H,LI L X.Taxonomical studies on parasitic nyctotherans from Chinese anura amphibians II.Parasicuophora[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1998,22(Suppl):197-202.

[21]WICHTERMAN R.A new protozoon parasite Nyctotheras cheni n.sp.(Ciliate),from Chinese frogs[J].Parasitology,1934,26:163-166.

[22]XIAO W H,WANG J G,LI L X.Taxonomic studies of parasitic nyctotherans from Chinese anura amphibians III.Wichtermania[J].Zoological Studies,2002,41(1):69-76.

[23]LI Y,ZHAO Y J,ZHOU Y.Three heterotrophic flagellates from the intestine of Bufo gargarizans gargarizans in Chongqing,China,with the description of Metanema ovula sp.nov.[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2008,33(3):572-579.

[24]LI L X.Notes on two new species of parasitic protozoa from Rana boulengeri Günther[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,1993,18(4):385-388.

[25]SHEN Y F.Protozoology[M].Beijing:Sciences Press,1999.

[26]METCALF M M.Further studies on the opalinid ciliate infusorians and their hosts[J].Proceedings of the United States National Museum,1940,87:465-634.

[27]SMITHSONIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.Cepedea buergeri sinensis Metcalf[EB/OL].[ 2014-06-23].http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/iz/?irn=580848.

[28]LI Y,ZHAO Y J.The characterization of parasitic Flagellates from the intestine of Bufo melanostictus in Chongqing[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2008,25(2):12-15.

[29]ZHANG Q,LIN G,XU Y Q.Diagnosis and treatment in mixed infection of Trichomonas bactrachorum and Edwarsiella tarda[J].Fujian Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,2012,34(1):50-51.

[30]WANG P Q.Notes on some species of Acanthocephala from fishes of China[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,1981,6(2):121-130.

[31]WANG Y Y,WANG P Q.Notes on Acanthocephala from Fujian with description of three new species[J].Journal of Fujian Teachers University(Natural Science),1988,4(3):80-86.

[32]VAN CLEAVE H J.Acanthocephala from China II.Two new species of the genus Acanthocephalus from amphibia[J].Parasitology,1937,29(3):395-398.

[33]WANG P Q.Notes on the Acanthocephala from Fujian II[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,1980,5(2):116-123.

[34]WANG P Q,SUN Y L,ZHAO Y R,et al.A list of 120 species of helminthes from vertebata in Wuyi,Fujian province[J].Wuyi Science Journal,1981,1(supply):70-78.

[35]WANG P Q,WANG Y Y,ZHAO Y R,et al.The parasitic helminthes of vertebrates from Meihua mountain nature reserve and adjacent area[J].Wuyi Science Journal,1992,9(supply):31-48.

[36]WANG P Q,WANG Y Y.Helminthes of Rana spinosa from Fujian province,including the description of a new species Metangusticaecum ranae[J].Journal of Fujian Teachers University(Natural Science),1989,5(2):75-81.

[37]WANG P Q.Notes on the Acanthocephala from Fujian [J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,1966,3(1):1-10.

[38]WANG Y Y.Studies on the life history of Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis(Shipley,1903) Petrotschenko,1958[J].Fujian Teachers University(Natural Science),1989,5(3):88-93.

(責(zé)任編輯：顧浩然)

[39]BUSH S E,DUSZYNSKI D W,NICKOL B B.Acanthocephala from amphibians in China with the description of a new species of Pseudoacanthocephalus (Echinorhynchida)[J].The Journal of Parasitology,2009,95(6):1440-1445.Species of frogs[EB/OL].[2014-6-12],http://www.frogvilla.com/cspecies/speciesindex.htm,

The checklist of protozoan and acanthocephalan from frogs in ChinaXIA Weili1, HUANG Bing2, ZHU Shunhai2,MEN Qifei1, HAN Hongyu2, DONG Hui2, ZHAO Qiping2

(1.College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;

2.Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture,

Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute,CAAS,Shanghai 200241,China)

Abstract:In order to understand the species of protozoan and acanthocephalan from frogs and their geographic distributions in China.Relevant literatures that reported protozoan and acanthocephalan in frogs of China were collected and a checklist was provided according to newer classification system on protozoan and acanthocephalan based on these literatures.In summary,61 species of protozoan and 8 species of acanthocephalan have been recorded in 31 species of frogs in China.Among them,the species of protozoan belong to 7 phyla,11 classes,12 orders,14 families,21 genera, and the species of acanthocephalan belong to 1 phylum,2 classes,2 orders,2 families,3 genera.The Chinese and Latin names,the namer and naming years,the parasitic hosts and parts,the geographical distributions and the sources of literatures of these protozoan and acanthocephalan species were listed as well,which provids the basic materials for a more comprehensive understand about species of protozoan and acanthocephalan from frogs in China.

Key words:frog; toad; protozoan; acanthocephalan

通信作者:夏偉麗,中國上海市桂林路100號,上海師范大學(xué)生命與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,郵編:200234,E-mail:x1106827948@163.com;黃兵,中國上海市紫月路518號d304,中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院上海獸醫(yī)研究所,郵編:200241,E-mail:huangbing232@163.com

基金項目:上海市閔行區(qū)高層次人才科研項目(2012RC030)

收稿日期:2014-06-30

中圖分類號:Q 959

文獻標志碼:A

文章編號:1000-5137(2015)02-0158-11