我國現(xiàn)行有效的焊接標準應(yīng)用分類簡介(1)

蘇金花

(全國焊接標準化技術(shù)委員會，黑龍江哈爾濱150028)

我國焊接領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的標準化工作由全國焊接標準化技術(shù)委員會(SAC/TC55)歸口負責，業(yè)務(wù)范疇與國際標準化組織中的焊接技術(shù)委員會(ISO/TC44)對應(yīng)一致。我國通用性焊接標準體系經(jīng)過“十一五”和“十二五”期間大規(guī)模的標準制修訂工作，標準數(shù)量顯著增加，采標率大幅度提高，標準水平明顯提升，基本上滿足了實際需求。

為了方便廣大用戶和讀者了解和使用焊接標準，本文對我國現(xiàn)行有效的焊接標準從焊接基礎(chǔ)、焊接和管理、焊縫的試驗與檢驗、焊接材料及相關(guān)檢驗、釬焊材料及相關(guān)檢驗、工藝方法等六個方面進行了歸類，并提供了標準的英文名稱、采標程度及采標原文名稱等信息。通過這些基本的焊接標準信息，可以快捷便利地了解我國焊接標準體系概況。

1 焊接基礎(chǔ)

GB/T 324—2008焊縫符號表示法

Weld symbolic representation on drawings(ISO 2553:1992，Welded，brazed and soldered joints—Symbolic representation on drawings，MOD)

GB/T 985.1—2008氣焊、焊條電弧焊、氣體保護焊和高能束焊的推薦坡口

Recommended joint preparation for gas welding，manual metal arc welding，gas－shield arc welding and beam welding(ISO 9692 － 1:2003，Welding and allied processes—Recommendations for joint preparation—Part 1:Manual metal arc welding，gas－shield arc welding，gas welding，TIG welding and beam welding of steels，MOD)

GB/T 985.2—2008埋弧焊的推薦坡口

Recommended joint preparation for submerged arc welding(ISO 9692 －2:1998，Welding and allied processes—joint preparation—Part 2:submerged arc welding of steels，MOD)

GB/T 985.3—2008鋁及鋁合金氣體保護焊的推薦坡口

Recommended joint preparation for gas－shield arc welding on aluminium and its alloys(ISO 9692 －3:2000，Welding and allied processes—Recommended joint preparation—Part 3:Metal inert gas welding and tungsten inert gas welding of aluminium and its alloys，MOD)

GB/T 985.4—2008復(fù)合鋼的推薦坡口

Recommended joint preparation for welding on clad steels(ISO 9692 －4:2003，Welding and allied processes—Recommendations for joint preparation—Part 4:Clad steels，MOD)

GB/T 3375—1994焊接術(shù)語

Welding terminology

GB/T 5185—2005焊接及相關(guān)工藝方法代號

Welding and allied processes—Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers

(ISO 4063:1998，IDT)

GB/T 6417.1—2005金屬熔化焊接頭缺欠分類及說明

Classification and explanation of imperfections in fusion welded joints

(ISO 6520 －1:1998，Welding and allied processes—Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials—Part 1:Fusion welding，IDT)

GB/T 6417.2—2005金屬壓力焊接頭缺欠分類及說明

Classification and explanation of imperfections in pressure welded joints

(ISO 6520 －2:2001，Welding and allied processes—Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials—Part 2:Welding with pressure，IDT)

GB/T 16672—1996焊縫——工作位置——傾角和轉(zhuǎn)角的定義

Welds—Working positions—Definitions of angles of slope and rotation

GB/T 19418—2003鋼的弧焊接頭缺陷質(zhì)量分級指南

Arc－welded joints in steel—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections(ISO 5817:1992，IDT)

GB/T 19804—2005焊接結(jié)構(gòu)的一般尺寸公差和形位公差

Welding—General tolerances for welded constructions—Dimensions for lengths and angles—Shape and position(ISO 13920:1996，IDT)

GB/T 22085.1—2008電子束及激光焊焊接頭 缺欠質(zhì)量分級指南第1部分:鋼

Electron and laser beam welded joints—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections—Part1:Steel

(ISO 13919 －1:1996，Welding—Electron and laser－beam welded joints—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections—Part 1:Steel，IDT)

GB/T 22085.2—2008電子束及激光焊焊接頭 缺欠質(zhì)量分級指南第2部分:鋁及鋁合金

Electron and laser beam welded joints—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections—Part 2:Aluminium and its weldable alloys(ISO 13919 －2:2001，Welding—Electron and laser－beam welded joints—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections—Part 2:Aluminium and its weldable alloys，IDT)

GB/T 22087—2008鋁及鋁合金的弧焊接頭缺欠質(zhì)量分級指南

Arc－welded joints in aluminium and its alloys—Guidance on quality levels for imperfection(ISO 10042:2005，Welding —Arc－welded joints in aluminium and its alloys—Quality levels for imperfection，IDT)

2 焊接和管理

GB 9448—1999焊接與切割安全

Safety in welding and cutting

GB/T 12467.1—2009焊接質(zhì)量要求 金屬材料的熔化焊第1部分:質(zhì)量要求相應(yīng)等級的選擇準則

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 1:Criteria for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements(ISO 3834 －1:2005，IDT)

GB/T 12467.2—2009焊接質(zhì)量要求 金屬材料的熔化焊第2部分:完整質(zhì)量要求

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 2:Comprehensive quality requirements(ISO 3834 －2:2005，IDT)

GB/T 12467.3—2009焊接質(zhì)量要求 金屬材料的熔化焊第3部分:一般質(zhì)量要求

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 3:Standard quality requirements(ISO 3834－3:2005，IDT)

GB/T 12467.4—2009焊接質(zhì)量要求 金屬材料的熔化焊第4部分:基本質(zhì)量要求

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 4:Elementary quality requirements(ISO 3834 －4:2005，IDT)

GB/T12467.5—2009焊接質(zhì)量要求 金屬材料的熔化焊第5部分:滿足質(zhì)量要求應(yīng)依據(jù)的標準文件

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 5:Standard documents need to conform to claim conformity to the quality requirements(ISO 3834－5:2005，Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 5:Documents with which it is necessary to conform to claim conformity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834－2，ISO 3834－3 or ISO 3834－4，IDT)

GB/T 15169—2003鋼熔化焊焊工技能評定

Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding for steels

(ISO/DIS 9606 － 1:2002，Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding—Part 1:Steels，IDT)

GB/T 18591—2001焊接 預(yù)熱溫度、道間溫度及預(yù)熱維持溫度的測量指南

Welding—Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature，interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature

GB/T 19419—2003焊接管理任務(wù)與職責

Welding coordination—Tasks and responsibilities(ISO 14731:1997，IDT)

GB/T 19805—2005焊接操作工技能評定

Qualification test of welding operators(ISO 14732:1998，Welding personnel—Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and of resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials，IDT)

GB/T 19866—2005焊接工藝規(guī)程及評定的一般原則

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—General rules

(ISO 15607:2003，IDT)

GB/T 19867.1—2005電弧焊焊接工藝規(guī)程

Welding procedure specification for arc welding

(IS0 15609 －1:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 1:Arc welding，IDT)

GB/T 19867.2—2008氣焊焊接工藝規(guī)程

Welding procedure specification for gas welding

(IS0 15609 －2:2001，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 2:Gas welding，IDT)

GB/T 19867.3—2008電子束焊接工藝規(guī)程

Welding procedure specification for electron beam welding

(IS0 15609 －3:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 3:Electron beam welding，IDT)

GB/T 19867.4—2008激光焊接工藝規(guī)程

Welding procedure specification for laser beam welding

(IS0 15609 －4:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 4:laser beam welding，IDT)

GB/T 19867.5—2008電阻焊焊接工藝規(guī)程

Welding procedure specification for resistance welding

(IS0 15609 －5:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 5:Resistance welding，IDT)

GB/T 19868.1—2005基于試驗焊接材料的工藝評定

Welding procedure qualification based on tested welding consumables

(ISO 15610:2003，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Qualification based on tested welding consumables，IDT)

GB/T 19868.2—2005基于焊接經(jīng)驗的工藝評定

Welding procedure qualification based on previous welding experience

(ISO 15611:2003，Specification and qualification of welding procedures formetallic materials—Qualification based on previous welding experience，IDT)

GB/T 19868.3—2005基于標準焊接規(guī)程的工藝評定

Welding procedure qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure

(ISO 15612:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure，IDT)

GB/T 19868.4—2005基于預(yù)生產(chǎn)焊接試驗的工藝評定

Welding procedure qualification based on pre－production welding test

(ISO 15613:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—qualification based on pre － production welding test，IDT)

GB/T 19869.1—2005鋼、鎳及鎳合金的焊接工藝評定試驗

Welding procedure qualification test for steels，nickel and nickel alloys(ISO 15614 －1:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure test—Part 1:Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys，IDT)

GB/T 19869.2—2012鋁及鋁合金的弧焊工藝評定試驗

Welding procedure qualification test for aluminum and its alloys

(ISO 15614 －2:2005，Specification and qualification of welding procedure for metallic materials—Welding procedure test—Part 2:Arc welding of aluminum and its alloys，MOD)

GB/T 24598—2009鋁及鋁合金焊工技能評定

Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding for aluminium and aluminium alloys

(ISO 9606 －2:2004，Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding—Part 2:Aluminium and aluminium alloys，MOD)

GB/T 30563—2014銅及銅合金熔化焊焊工技能評定

Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding for copper and copper alloys(ISO 9606 －3:1999，Approval testing of welders—Fusion welding—Part 3:Copper and copper alloys，MOD)

3 焊縫的試驗與檢驗

GB/T 2650—2008焊接接頭沖擊試驗方法

Impact test methods on welded joints

(ISO 9016:2001，Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Impact tests—Test specimen location，notch orientation and examination，IDT)

GB/T 2651—2008焊接接頭拉伸試驗方法

Tensile test method on welded joints

(ISO 4136:2001，Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Transverse tensile test，IDT)

GB/T 2652—2008焊縫及熔敷金屬拉伸試驗方法

Tensile test methods on weld and deposited metal

(ISO 5178:2001，Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in fusion welded joints，IDT)

GB/T 2653—2008焊接接頭彎曲及壓扁試驗方法

Bend test methods on welded joints

(ISO 5173:2000，Destructive tests on welds in metallic material—Bend tests，IDT)

GB/T 2654—2008焊接接頭硬度試驗方法

Hardness test methods on welded joints

(ISO 9015 －1:2001，Destructive tests an welds in metallic materials—Hardness testing—Part 1:Hardness test on arc welded joints，IDT)

GB/T 3323—2005金屬熔化焊焊接接頭射線照相

Radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials

GB/T 9445—2008無損檢測人員資格鑒定與認證

Non－destructive testing—Qualification and certification of personnel(ISO 9712:2005，IDT)

GB/T 11345—2013焊縫無損檢測、超聲檢測、技術(shù)檢測等級和評定

Non－destructive testing ofwelds—Ultrasonic testing—Techniques，testing levels，and assessment(ISO 17640:2010，MOD)

GB/T 16957—2012復(fù)合鋼板焊接接頭力學(xué)性能試驗方法

Clad steel plates—Mechanical technical tests on welded joints

GB/T 20967—2007無損檢測目視檢測總則

Non－destructive testing—Visual testing—General principles

GB/T 20968—2007無損檢測目視檢測輔助工具低倍放大鏡的選用

Non－destructive testing—Aids to visual inspection—Selection of low－power magnifiers

(ISO 3058:1998，IDT)

GB/T 26951—2011焊縫無損檢測磁粉檢測

Non－destructive testing of welds—Magnetic particle testing

(ISO 17638:2003，MOD)

GB/T 26952—2011焊縫無損檢測焊縫磁粉檢測驗收等級

Non－destructive testing of welds—Magnetic particle testing of welds—Acceptance levels

(ISO 23278:2006，MOD)

GB/T 26953—2011焊縫無損檢測焊縫滲透檢測驗收等級

Non－destructive testing of welds—Penetrant testing of welds—Acceptance levels

(ISO 23277:2006，MOD)

GB/T 26954—2011焊縫無損檢測基于復(fù)平面分析的焊縫渦流檢測

Non－destructive testing of welds—Eddy current testing of welds by complex－plane analysis(ISO 17643:2005，MOD)

GB/T 27551—2011金屬材料焊縫破壞性試驗斷裂試驗

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Fracture test and leasing of audio－video products(ISO 9017:2001，IDT)

GB/T 27552—2011金屬材料焊縫破壞性試驗焊接接頭顯微硬度試驗

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Microhardness testing of welded joints

(ISO 9015 －2:2003，Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials一Hardness testing一Part2:Microhardness testing of welded joints，IDT)

GB/T 26955—2011金屬材料焊縫破壞性試驗焊縫宏觀和微觀檢驗方法

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds(ISO 17639:2003(E)，MOD)

GB/T 26956—2011金屬材料焊縫破壞性試驗宏觀和微觀檢驗用侵蝕劑

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination(ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)，IDT)

GB/T 26957—2011金屬材料焊縫破壞性試驗十字接頭和焊接接頭試驗方法

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Tensile test on cruciform and lapped joints

(ISO 9018:2003，IDT)

GB/T 29711—2013焊縫無損檢測超聲波檢測焊縫顯示的特性

Non－destructive testing ofwelds—Ultrasonic testing—Characterization of indications in welds(ISO 23279:2010，IDT)

GB/T 29712—2013焊縫無損檢測超聲檢測驗收等級

Non－destructive testing of welds—Ultrasonic testing—Acceptance levels

(1S0 11666:2010，MOD)

JB/T8931—1999堆焊層超聲探傷方法

Ultrasonic examination for cladding

4 焊接材料及相關(guān)檢驗

GB/T 983—2012不銹鋼焊條

Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat－resisting steels

(ISO 3581:2003，Welding consumables—Covered elec－trodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heatresisting steels—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 984—2001堆焊焊條

Hardfacing electrodes for shielded metal arc welding

GB/T 1954—2008鎳鉻奧氏體不銹鋼焊縫鐵素體含量測量方法

Methods of measurement for ferrite content in austenitic Cr－Ni stainless steel weld metals

(ISO 8249:2000，Welding—Determination of Ferrite Number(FN)in austenitic and duplex ferrite－austenitic Cr－Ni stainless steel weld metals，MOD)

GB/T 3669—2001鋁及鋁合金焊條

Aluminum and aluminum－alloy electrodes for shielded metal arc welding

GB/T 3670—1995銅及銅合金焊條

Coated electrodes for copper and copper alloys

GB/T 3965—2012熔敷金屬中擴散氫測定方法

Determination of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal

(ISO 3690:2000，Welding and allied processes—Determination of hydrogen content in ferritic steel arc weld metal，MOD)

GB/T 5117—2012非合金鋼及細晶粒鋼焊條

Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non－alloy and fine grain steels

(ISO 2560:2009，Welding consumables—Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non－alloy and fine grain steels—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 5118—2012熱強鋼焊條

Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creepresisting steels

(ISO 3580:2010，Welding consumables—Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creep－resisting steels—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 5293—1999埋弧焊用碳鋼焊絲及焊劑

Carbon steel electrodes and fluxs for submerged arc welding

GB/T 8110—2008氣體保護電弧焊焊用碳鋼、低合金鋼焊絲

Welding electrodes and rods for gas shielding arc welding of carbon and low alloy steel

GB/T 9460—2008銅及銅合金焊絲

Copper and copper alloy wires and rods

ISO/DIS 24373:2007，Welding Consumables—Solid wires and rods for fusion welding of copper and copper alloys—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 10044—2006鑄鐵焊條及焊絲

Welding electrodes and rods for cast iron

GB/T 10045—2001碳鋼藥芯焊絲

Carbon steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding

GB/T 10858—2008鋁及鋁合金焊絲

Aluminium and aluminium alloy wires and rods

(ISO18273:2004，Weldingconsumables—Wireelectrodes，wires and rods for welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 12470—2003埋弧焊用低合金鋼焊絲和焊劑

Low－alloy steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding

GB/T 13814—2008鎳及鎳合金焊條

Nickel and nickel alloy covered welding electrodes

(ISO 14172:2003，Welding consumables—Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 15620—2008鎳及鎳合金焊絲

Nickel and Nickel alloy wires and rodes

(ISO 18274:2004，Welding Consumables—Wire and strip electrodes，wires and rods for arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 17493—2008低合金鋼藥芯焊絲

Low alloy steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding

GB/T 17853—1999不銹鋼藥芯焊絲

Stainless steel flux cored wires

GB/T 17854—1999埋弧焊用不銹鋼焊絲及焊劑

Stainless steel electrodes and fluxs for submerged arc welding

GB/T 25775—2010焊接材料供貨技術(shù)條件 產(chǎn)品類型、尺寸、公差和標志

Technical delivery conditions for welding consumables—Type of product dimensions tolerances and markings

(ISO 544:2003，Welding consumables—Technical delivery conditions for welding filler materials—Type of product，dimensions，tolerances and markings，MOD)

GB/T 25776—2010焊接材料焊接工藝性能評定方法

Qualification methods of welding procedure for welding consumables

GB/T 25777—2010焊接材料熔敷金屬化學(xué)分析試樣制備方法

Preparation methods of deposited metal specimens for chemical analysis(ISO 6847:2000，Welding consumables—Deposition of a weld metal pad for chemical analysis，IDT)

GB/T 25778—2010焊接材料采購指南

Procurement guidelines for welding consumables

(ISO 14344:2010，Welding and allied processes—Flux and gas shielded electrical welding processes—Procurement guidelines for consumables，MOD)

GB/T 29713—2013不銹鋼焊絲和焊帶

Wire electrodes，strip electrodes，wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels(ISO 14343:2009，Welding consumables—Wire electrodes，strip electrodes wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels—Classification，MOD)

(未完待續(xù))