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      中考倒裝句分類解讀

      2015-07-13 20:48劉紅
      試題與研究·中考英語 2015年1期
      關(guān)鍵詞:助動詞否定句答語

      劉紅

      倒裝是英語中一種常見的語法現(xiàn)象,可以分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。英語中的倒裝句有很多類型,但是中考試題中涉及的主要是so和neither (/ nor) 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。

      一、“so+功能詞+主語”構(gòu)成的倒裝句

      由“so + 功能詞 + 主語”構(gòu)成的倒裝句,表示“這個情況同樣適用另外一個人,即“A怎么樣,B也怎么樣”。所以這樣的句型必須具備兩個條件:上句必須為肯定句;該主語與上句主語不一致。

      注意:這里所說的功能詞指be動詞、助動詞及情態(tài)動詞。

      請看下面的例子:

      ① —Mike is from America. 邁克來自美國。

      —So is Mary. 瑪麗也是。

      ② —My father works in a hospital. 我爸爸在醫(yī)院上班。

      —So does my father. 我爸爸也是。

      ③ —Jim can speak French well. 吉姆會講法語。

      —So can Alan.艾倫也會。

      ④ —I will spend my vacation in the countryside. 我將要去鄉(xiāng)下度假。

      —So will I. 我也要去。

      ⑤ —I have seen just the movie The Continent which was made by Han Han. 我剛剛看了韓寒的電影《后會無期》

      —So have I. 我也剛看過。

      鏈接中考:

      1.(2014年黃石卷) —Sorry sir, I have made so many mistakes in this paper.

      —Its OK. . This paper is very difficult.

      A. So have other students

      B. So do other students

      C. Neither do other students

      D. Neither have other students

      2.(2014年平?jīng)鼍恚?—Has your mother ever been to London?

      —Yes, and . We went together.

      A. so have I B. so I have

      C. neither have ID. neither I have

      答案解析:

      1.句意為:——很抱歉先生,我在這張試卷上犯了很多錯誤。——沒關(guān)系的。其他同學(xué)也是這樣。這張試卷太難了。因?yàn)樯暇涞闹鷦釉~是have,且符合“A怎么樣,B也怎么樣”這種結(jié)構(gòu),所以答案應(yīng)該是A。

      2.本題比第一題多轉(zhuǎn)了一個彎,先要把上邊的一般疑問句變成肯定的陳述句“My mother has ever been to London.”,然后再補(bǔ)充說明“我也去過”。這就和第一題的形式一樣了。故選A。

      二、“neither / nor+功能詞+主語”構(gòu)成的倒裝句

      neither / nor 所引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,和so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法一樣,其構(gòu)成是“neither / nor + 功能詞 + 主語”。它們的唯一區(qū)別就是:so表示肯定;neither表示否定。所以該句型也必須具備兩個條件:

      1.上句必須為否定句;

      2.該句主語與上句主語不一致。

      當(dāng)然,這里的功能詞也是指be動詞、助動詞及情態(tài)動詞。

      請看下面的例子:

      ① —Her mother wasnt at home yesterday. 她媽媽昨天沒有在家。

      —Neither was her father. 她爸爸也不在家。

      ② —Jim neednt come here so early tomorrow morning. 吉姆明天早上不必來這么早了。

      —Neither need you. 你也不必了。

      ③ —I hadnt finished my homework by twelve oclock last night. 昨天晚上到12點(diǎn)我還沒有完成作業(yè)。

      —Neither had I. 我也沒有完成。

      ④ —He wont take part in the sports meeting next week. 他將不會參加下周的運(yùn)動會。

      —Neither will Jack. 杰克也不會。

      ⑤ —I didnt have lunch today. 我今天沒有吃午飯。

      —Neither did I. 我也沒吃。

      鏈接中考:

      1.(2014年宜賓卷) —Im not going swimming this afternoon.

      —. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.

      A. So am I B. So I am

      C. Neither am ID. Neither I am

      2.(2014年南充卷) —He hasnt seen that interesting film before.

      —.

      A. So have IB. Neither have I

      C. Nor do ID. So do I

      3.(2014年漳州卷) —Last night, I didnt watch the TV show, A Bite Of China 2.

      — did I. I was preparing for todays test then.

      A. SoB. Either

      C. Neither

      答案解析:

      1.本題中的上句是否定句,所以首先選定neither來引導(dǎo)倒裝句,可以排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。再看上句的功能詞是be動詞的變換形式am,所以下句也應(yīng)該用be動詞;又因?yàn)橄戮涞闹髡Z是I,所以也應(yīng)該用am。但需要指出的是上下兩句中的“I”并不是同一個人。又因空格所在句表達(dá)的意思是“我也不去(游泳)”,所以答案應(yīng)該是C。

      2.本題的第一個條件是上句為否定句,確定用neither或nor;第二個條件是上句的功能詞是助動詞have,確定下句功能詞用have而不用do。故答案為B。

      3.本題中上句的意思是“我昨晚沒有看電視節(jié)目《舌尖上的中國2》”,題干是否定句,所以只能選neither。答案為C。

      三、“so+主語+功能詞”構(gòu)成的強(qiáng)調(diào)型倒裝句

      在“so + 主語 + 功能詞”句型里,只是把so放到主語的前邊,功能詞位于句末,所以這種句式被稱為“半倒裝句”。它的主要功能是表示說話者對上句所提到的情況或事實(shí)表示贊同或強(qiáng)調(diào),其中so作“不錯、確實(shí)如此”講。該句型也必須具備兩個條件:上句為肯定句;該主語與上句主語一致。

      請看下邊的例子:

      ① —The boy is so clever. 這個男孩真聰明。

      —So he is. 他的確如此。

      ② —Mike is playing computer games again. 邁克又在玩電腦游戲。

      —So he is. 的確如此。

      ③ —She can sing English songs very well. 她英語歌唱得很好。

      —So she can. 確實(shí)如此。

      ④ —Wang Tao has ever been to America. 王濤曾經(jīng)去過美國。

      —So he has.他是去過。

      ⑤ —Your father will buy a new car. 你爸爸要買一輛新車。

      —So he will. 他確實(shí)要買。

      鏈接中考:

      1.(2014年安順卷) —Jack went to see the man who was in hospital yesterday.

      —.

      A. So did heB. So he did

      C. He did soD. Did so he

      2.(2012年宜賓卷) —Peter has made great progress in math recently.

      —, and so have you.

      A. So he doesB. So he has

      C. So has heD. So does he

      答案解析:

      1.本題上句的意思是“杰克昨天去看了那個住院的老人”,答語應(yīng)該是“他的確去了”。因?yàn)樯舷聝删涞闹髡Z是同一個人“Jack”,所以應(yīng)該用半倒裝,即功能詞放在主語的后邊;另外,上句中并沒有功能詞,這時我們就要加上助動詞,由于上句的謂語動詞是went,所以答語應(yīng)該用助動詞did。故答案為B。

      2.本題中出現(xiàn)了兩個so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,一個是部分倒裝,一個是全部倒裝。答語中前半句應(yīng)該是“他的確進(jìn)步了”;下半句是“你也進(jìn)步了”。答句中的主語he和上句的Peter是同一個人,故用部分倒裝。再根據(jù)上句中的助動詞have可以判斷出下句也要用have / has,因?yàn)橹髡Z是he,所以只能用has。答案為B。

      【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】

      從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

      1. —The old man wouldnt stay at home for a rest even if it rained.

      —. He would feel sick if he stayed at home for one day.

      A. So would my grandpa

      B. So wouldnt my grandpa

      C. Neither would my grandpa

      D. Nor did my grandpa

      2. —My mother does a lot of housework before going to work, but she has never been late.

      —.

      A. So does my mother

      B. Neither does my mother

      C. Nor has my mother

      D. So my mother has

      3. —The water changes into thick ice covering rivers and lakes in winter in Harbin.

      — in Urumqi.

      A. So is itB. So it does

      C. So it isD. So does it

      4. —Han Han is really a talented man.

      —. He is a writer, a racing driver and a director.

      A. So he isB. So is he

      C. So he doesD. So does he

      5. —I have never been to Hainan Island.

      —. But I plan to go there next holiday.

      A. So I haveB. So have I

      C. Neither have ID. Neither I have

      6. —Can your mother drive cars?

      —Yes, . And so can my grandma.

      A. neither can sheB. so she can

      C. neither she canD. so can she

      7. —Did you have a good time in the countryside?

      —No, I didnt. And .

      A. so didnt my sister

      B. so did my sister

      C. neither didnt my sister

      D. neither did my sister

      8. —Look! You hat is right on your head.

      —Oh! . But I am looking for it everywhere.

      A. So it isB. Neither it is

      C. So is itD. Neither is it

      9. —I will never come to this restaurantagain.

      —. The food is really terrible.

      A. Nor I willB. Nor will I

      C. So I wontD. So wont I

      10. —I wonder if you will go to Marys birthday party.

      —If you go, .

      A. so I willB. so I do

      C. so will ID. so do I

      Key:

      1~5 CADAC 6~10 BDABC

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