□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

大通道帶來大視野、大思維

□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

從“1小時到成都”到“朝發(fā)重慶夕至北京”再到“12天到歐洲”。

重慶的“大通道”建設(shè)，改變的不僅僅是運(yùn)程時間，更是重慶人思考問題的廣度和深度。

1小時到成都，2小時到貴陽，3小時到昆明……

朝發(fā)重慶，夕至首都；午發(fā)重慶，晚至香港；重慶到歐洲，比上海還快20多天……

重慶，正進(jìn)入到“速度經(jīng)濟(jì)”時代，“大通道”的建設(shè)讓昔日“蜀道難，難于上青天”的閉塞窘境全面改觀，重慶與世界的聯(lián)系更加緊密，而這也在改變著重慶人思考問題的廣度和深度。

到中國一線城市，均能朝發(fā)夕至

1月1日，重慶到北京的首條高鐵：G310次高鐵正式開通運(yùn)行，旅客從重慶坐高鐵到北京，全程只需要12小時22分鐘，實現(xiàn)朝發(fā)夕至。

據(jù)高鐵網(wǎng)（news.gaotie.cn）消息，G310次列車7∶58分從重慶北始發(fā)，當(dāng)日20∶20分終到北京西，先后經(jīng)過長壽北、豐都、恩施、建始、宜昌東、枝江北、荊州、潛江、天門南、漢口、孝感北等站，全程運(yùn)行12小時22分。回程列車是G309次（北京-重慶）列車，9∶42分從北京西始發(fā)，當(dāng)日22∶05分到重慶北。

重慶到北京，以前坐火車需要兩三天時間，正所謂天南海北，不外如是。后經(jīng)提速，火車運(yùn)行時間逐漸縮短，但即使在去年，重慶至北京的列車中，最快的Z49也需要18小時36分鐘，旅客都需要在火車上過夜。高鐵開通后，運(yùn)行時間一下縮短了6個小時，縮短了1/3強(qiáng)。重慶至北京朝發(fā)夕至，旅客不再有“過夜”之困。

據(jù)了解，目前，由于重慶到漢口段并無高鐵軌道，所以列車走的是渝漢動車線路，然后在漢口駛?cè)刖V高鐵。在不久的將來，如果重慶也鋪設(shè)了高鐵軌道，高鐵運(yùn)行線路得到優(yōu)化，那么，重慶到北京高鐵運(yùn)行的時間還有可能進(jìn)一步減少，甚至，重慶進(jìn)入首都“10小時經(jīng)濟(jì)圈”也說不定。

要通商，首在通路。重慶作為西南內(nèi)陸城市，能否與中國沿海城市拉近距離，便捷通商，對重慶的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。隨著重慶到北京的高鐵開通，重慶與中國首都緊密地聯(lián)系在了一起，甚至還可能進(jìn)入首都“10小時經(jīng)濟(jì)圈”。從這個意義上說，重慶“靠了座大山”。

不僅如此，隨著更多高鐵線路開通，重慶到中國最發(fā)達(dá)的上海、廣州等一線城市也能實現(xiàn)朝發(fā)夕至。

據(jù)記者了解，2014年7月1日，隨著滬漢蓉高速鐵路全線通車運(yùn)營，重慶至上海的時間，從此前的25個小時縮短至10個小時左右。

同時，隨著渝利鐵路的開通，重慶至廣州的時間，也從此前的22個小時縮短至8個小時左右。

高鐵把重慶與全國最發(fā)達(dá)的一線大城市緊密聯(lián)系在一起，重慶由此順利融入首都經(jīng)濟(jì)圈、長三角經(jīng)濟(jì)圈和珠三角經(jīng)濟(jì)圈。

到周邊大城市，像走親戚串個門

新年伊始，重慶再次傳來好消息，重慶到成都將只需要1個小時，這比在上班高峰期從沙坪壩到解放碑還快。據(jù)了解，成渝高鐵（也稱“成渝客運(yùn)專線”）計劃于2015年2月1日通車運(yùn)營，成渝兩地正式邁入1小時經(jīng)濟(jì)圈。

渝黔鐵路（重慶段）改造工程于2014年12月22日動工。改造后，這條溝通重慶、貴陽兩市的城際鐵路單程運(yùn)行時間將由目前的10.5個小時縮短至2小時以內(nèi)。

今后，重慶到昆明也只需要3個小時。全長約700公里的渝昆高鐵預(yù)計2016年開工，2020年建成。按照目前高鐵250-300公里的時速，3小時左右即可互達(dá)。

處于絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶、中國——中南半島經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊與長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶“Y”字形大通道聯(lián)結(jié)點(diǎn)上的重慶，將有效形成“1-3小時周邊經(jīng)濟(jì)圈”，去周邊大城市甚至就像走親戚串個門，當(dāng)天就能回來。

據(jù)了解，未來重慶到西安、長沙、鄭州等城市都將開通高鐵。而重慶到武漢，原來需要15個小時，現(xiàn)在只要5個小時，時間縮短了整整2/3。

去香港，未來僅需6小時

據(jù)鐵路部門消息，2014年12月26日，貴廣高鐵開通運(yùn)營，貴陽至廣州的時間由原來的20多個小時縮短到4個小時。貴廣高鐵不僅與京九線（北京-香港九龍）貫通，還將與正在建設(shè)的渝黔新線相連，形成一條重慶快速出海大通道。目前，渝黔新線正在抓緊建設(shè)，預(yù)計2017年完工。屆時，市民從重慶坐高鐵去香港，僅需6小時。重慶與香港的距離一下拉近了許多。

到歐洲，僅需12天

以前，多數(shù)商品和集裝箱從重慶到地球另一邊的歐洲，要經(jīng)過長江，在上海出海，然后遠(yuǎn)涉重洋，單程需要30天以上，現(xiàn)在僅需12—14天，因為“渝新歐”班列開通了。

2011年3月19日，全長11179公里的“渝新歐”國際鐵路列車首次抵達(dá)德國杜伊斯堡，標(biāo)志著“渝新歐”鐵路正式開通。這一條經(jīng)過六個國家的列車當(dāng)時耗時16天。

去年4月，渝新歐實現(xiàn)了常態(tài)化開行?，F(xiàn)在“渝新歐”班列實現(xiàn)了13天抵達(dá)杜伊斯堡的運(yùn)行速度，2016年蘭渝鐵路通車后，運(yùn)行時間還將縮短到12天。目前，新疆霍爾果斯口岸已經(jīng)開關(guān)。這里擁有現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)施，氣候環(huán)境也適宜客運(yùn)，旅客列車未來可能從這里出境，屆時，重慶市民就能坐“渝新歐”班列去歐洲游玩了。

2014年8月14日柏林時間凌晨4點(diǎn)，首趟渝新歐進(jìn)口汽車整車回程班列由德國杜伊斯堡港成功出發(fā)，預(yù)計16-18天后到達(dá)重慶。此趟回程班列對德中兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展具有重大意義。

“大通道”帶來大視野、大思維

“一帶一路”國家戰(zhàn)略的實質(zhì)是向西開放。向西開放，首在通路，次在通商。市長黃奇帆說，與世界聯(lián)系，要么通過航空，要么通過鐵路、水路、公路，要么通過電訊、通信、網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這些通道必須足夠暢通。近年來，重慶力求抓好三件事：一是大通道建設(shè)，一是大通關(guān)建設(shè)，一是大平臺建設(shè)。其中，“大通道”居首。

為此，重慶定出的目標(biāo)是：到2020年建成“西部中心樞紐”。為達(dá)此目標(biāo)，重慶將在未來5年內(nèi)完成包括12條鐵路干線、15條高速公路在內(nèi)的龐大基建工程，并建設(shè)成為往來中東歐地區(qū)貿(mào)易的一個重要中轉(zhuǎn)站。

之前多年，重慶對周邊省市的輻射力一直受制于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素。一位不愿透露姓名的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者此前受訪時曾表示，重慶直轄后，積極投資建設(shè)了總長2000公里的“二環(huán)八射”高速公路網(wǎng)，但向外輻射的8條高速公路多數(shù)未與周邊省市的路網(wǎng)接通。因此，盡管重慶近年來一直試圖提升對外輻射力，但在多個方向上，實際上只能在重慶自己的轄區(qū)內(nèi)“自我輻射”。

今后，隨著各個方向“大通道”的建設(shè)，重慶將加強(qiáng)與北京、上海、廣州等中國一線城市的緊密聯(lián)系，實現(xiàn)與香港、歐洲的快速通達(dá)，重慶將進(jìn)入到“大連通時代”。

“大通道”的建設(shè)，改變的將不僅僅是運(yùn)程時間，還包括重慶人思考問題的廣度和深度。隨著重慶與一線大城市聯(lián)系更加緊密，重慶可以順利融入首都經(jīng)濟(jì)圈、長江經(jīng)濟(jì)圈、珠三角經(jīng)濟(jì)圈，而且可以更好地發(fā)揮長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略節(jié)點(diǎn)的作用，更緊密地聯(lián)系歐洲市場。有了連通世界的“大通道”，重慶人才會有放眼看世界的大視野，才會擁有“輻射中國”“輻射全球”的大胸襟。這時，重慶不再偏安一隅，而是放眼天下。

比如，以前重慶要與歐洲通商，“難于上青天”，“渝新歐”開通后，重慶的產(chǎn)品可以快捷直達(dá)歐洲，歐洲產(chǎn)品也可以方便到達(dá)重慶，現(xiàn)在在重慶建成的歐洲商品城、保稅商品展示交易中心等就是例證。今后，重慶與“渝新歐”沿線各國不僅可以運(yùn)輸貨物，還可以運(yùn)送旅客，發(fā)展旅游。

重慶還有要生產(chǎn)1億臺筆記本電腦、打印機(jī)等電子終端產(chǎn)品的目標(biāo)，其中95%是賣到全世界去的，這個95%當(dāng)中又有40%是到歐洲的。如果重慶的產(chǎn)品運(yùn)到沿海，再通過沿海運(yùn)到歐洲，時間多花一個多月不說，成本也很高，產(chǎn)品就難賣出去，重慶要建設(shè)全球最大的筆記本電腦基地就不可想象?，F(xiàn)在渝新歐一開通，所有問題都解決了。而且歐洲貨運(yùn)到重慶，還可以貿(mào)易批發(fā)輻射內(nèi)陸——重慶500公里半徑上有2億多人口，1000公里半徑上有5億多人。從這個意義上講，重慶人的視野一下子就變得寬廣開來，這就是“大通道”帶來的效應(yīng)。

“大通道”的陸續(xù)建成，將給重慶帶來深遠(yuǎn)影響，這不只是運(yùn)程時間，關(guān)鍵是思考問題的寬廣度。

編輯：吳俊琰

Chongqing may be integrated into the “economic circle of ten hours”.

The establishment of trade relations lies on road f rst. Known as an inland city in Southwestern China, whether or not Chongqing is brought closer to the first-tier cities is crucial to its development. With the high-speed train from Chongqing to Beijing run into operation, Chongqing has been brought closer to the capital of China ever since, maybe it will be involved in the “economic circle of ten hours”. In this sense, a prop backs Chongqing.

In addition, among top three tier-one cities running highspeed train to Beijing, Chongqing together with Shanghai and Guangzhou is able to accomplish the goal starting at dawn and arriving at dusk.

It’s reported, with the Shanghai-W uhan-Chengdu highspeed railway run into full service on July 1, 2014, the trip from Chongqing to Shanghai is shortened to around ten hours from previous twenty-f ve hours.

Meanwhile, with the opening of Chongqing - Lichuan high-speed railway, the trip from Chongqing to Guangzhou is shortened to about eight hours from previous twenty-two hours.

The high-speed railway makes Chongqing closer to the most developed cities belonging to the club of f rst-tier cities in China, therefore Chongqing has ever been integrated into the economic circles of capital, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. Going to Surrounding Big Cities is just like Stopping by the Relatives

At the beginning of the New Year, a good news was circulated about Chongqing i.e. an hour only from Chongqing to Chengdu, faster than going to Shapingba in the rush hour. It’s said the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway (also known as “Chengdu-Chongqing passenger line”) is scheduled to open to the public on February 1, 2015, pushing Chengdu and Chongqing of ficially into the economic circle of an hour.

CNR Chongqing reported that the renovation project of the Chongqing-Guiyang railway (Chongqing section) broke ground on December 22, 2014. Upon renovation, the intercity passenger train in between will shorten travel time to two hours from ten hours and a half.

It will take three hours only from Chongqing to Kunming in the future. It’s expected the 700-km Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railway will be built since 2016 and run into operation in 2020. Taking 250-300km per hour for current high-speed train as an example, it will take around three hours.

Chongqing, located at the juncture of the Silk Road Economic Belt, China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor, and Yangtze River Economic Belt, will ef fectively create an “economic belt of one to three hour(s)”, going to surround big cities is just like stopping by relatives, and the return trip can be made on the same day.

It’s said the high-speed railways from Chongqing to Xi’an, Changsha, and Zhengzhou will be opened in the future. The trip from Chongqing to W uhan takes five hours now, instead of previous f fteen-f ve hours, reducing two thirds of time.

Six Hours only to Hong Kong

According to the railway authorities, the Guizhou-Guangzhou high-speed railway was run into service on December 26, 2014, travel time in between was reduced to four hours from twenty hours, which is a good news to the citizens of Chongqing as the railway not only connects to the Beijing-Kowloon railway, but it will link with the new Chongqing-Guiyang high-speed railway under construction, genuinely turning to be a gateway to have access to the seas. At present, the construction of the new railway is in full swing, and it’s expected to be completed in 2017. By then, it will take six hours only for the citizens from Chongqing to Hong Kong.

It’s hard to imagine going to Hong Kong by train as it’s far away and passengers usually take airplane now. In the future, the journey would be highly likely as it will make travel and shopping possible within half a day only, and therefore Chongqing is brought closer to Hong Kong.

Twelve Days only to Europe

Europe, on the other side of the planet, is far away from Chongqing. The trip from Chongqing to Europe would ride on the Yangtze River, arrive in Shanghai, and cross the vast ocean, more than thirty days. It takes twelve-fourteen days only simply because the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe train is run into operation.

With forty train wagons loaded with 2,800 tons of cargo departed smoothly from Chongqing West Railway Station on October 18, 2010, the domestic section of the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe int’l railway was officially run into service. The maiden train arrived in Duisburg of Germany on March 19, 2011, symbolizing its off cial opening and taking sixteen days via six countries.

Its regular train schedule since April 2014 made it the most reliable, regular, and eff cient path among all railways from China to Europe.

It’s reported it takes thirteen days to Duisburg from Chongqing, and will further reduce to twelve days after the Lanzhou-Chongqing railway will be run into operation in 2016. Presently, a new port at Huo’erguosi of Xinjiang is open to the public, through which passenger trains will drive in the future as it is fitted with modern facilities and suitable climate. By then, the citizens of Chongqing can t ravel to Europe by“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”

“Great Gateway” Broadens Vision

The essentiality of “One Belt and One Road” national strategy refers to opening-up westward with a focus on road first and trade second. Mayor Huang Qifan stated, connecting to the rest of the world could be achieved either by aviation, train, waterway, and road, or through telecommunication, communication, and network, all of which must be guaranteed smooth. In recent years, Chongqing urged to put weight on three tasks: a) the construction of great gateways, b) the construction of big ports, and c) the construction of big platforms, with the great gateway as its core. As a result, Chongqing set a goal i.e. to become “the central hub in Western China” by 2020. In order to attain the goal, Chongqing will complete the construction of an immense infrastructure program including twelve main railways and f fteen highways in f ve years, and turn out to be a pivotal transit stop of trade and commerce between China and East Europe.

Having been restricted by factors e.g. infrastructure, a ripple effect of Chongqing over surrounding provinces and cities wasn’t very evident. An economic scholar who spoke on the condition of anonymity pointed out, since Chongqing was directly managed by the State Council, it proactively put investment into building the highway network featuring “two rings and eight radial highways”, a total mileage of 2,000km, however most of the eight radial highways aren’t connected to the network of cities and provinces nearby. Even though Chongqing attempted to enhance its capacity over the past years, it can only inf uence itself in many respects.

With the construction of “great gateway” in each direction in the future, Chongqing will be successfully brought closer to the f rst-tier cities e.g. Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou etc., which will be ushered into “an era of great connection” and is easy to reach out to Hong Kong and Europe.

The construction of “great gateways” alters not only trip time but also the spectrum and profundity the people of Chongqing think about issues. With convenience being created with Chongqing integrated into the tier-one cities in transport, Chongqing can be smoothly integrated into the economic circles of capital, the Yangtze River, and the Pearl River Delta, moreover the Yangtze River Economic Belt,“One Belt and One Road”, and European market. Relying on the “great gateways” linking with the rest of the world, Chongqing will broaden its vision and have ambitions of“inf uencing the rest of the country” and “even the rest of the world”. In this sense, Chongqing, no longer set aside, is able to look on the world.

For instance, establishing trade relations between Chongqing and Europe was like climbing to heaven in the past. Products in Chongqing can be swiftly delivered to Europe and vice versa since the opening of the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” int’l railway. Not only can Chongqing and countries along the railway ship cargo, but also they can transport passengers and develop tourism. The European Commodities Town and Bonded Commodities Exhibition & Transaction Centre Chongqing develops are by all means a testimony.

Chongqing had an objective of producing 100 million sets of laptops, printers, and all kinds of devices in recent years, among which 95% are sold to the rest of the world, including 40% to be marketed to Europe. If products of Chongqing were transported to the coast, then shipped to Europe, not only would it take more than a month but it would cause high costs, resulting in unfavourable commodities in the targeted markets. It’s hard to imagine how Chongqing builds itself the largest base of laptops worldwide. The opening of the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”int’l railway addressed every issue; furthermore, European products that are shipped back to Chongqing can be sold to the entire inland through wholesaling, as there are 200 million populations within a 500-km radius of Chongqing and 500 million populations within a 1,000-km radius of Chongqing. In this case, Chongqing’s vision is broadened as a result of the “great gateway” effect.

The construction of “great gateways” was completed one after another is of far-reaching significance for Chongqing, not only about trip time but spectrum and profundity of thinking about issues.

Great Gateway Broadens Vision

Written by Tang Gang