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      頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中層厚度測(cè)量和超聲回聲跟蹤技術(shù)檢測(cè)高脂蛋白(a)血癥家族成員頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度研究

      2015-09-19 08:37:29張輝余舒杰毛永江張二紅鄭榮琴
      中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué) 2015年30期
      關(guān)鍵詞:亞組血癥頸動(dòng)脈

      張輝,余舒杰,毛永江,張二紅,鄭榮琴

      頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中層厚度測(cè)量和超聲回聲跟蹤技術(shù)檢測(cè)高脂蛋白(a)血癥家族成員頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度研究

      張輝,余舒杰,毛永江,張二紅,鄭榮琴

      目的探討應(yīng)用頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中層厚度(IMT)測(cè)量和超聲回聲跟蹤(ET)技術(shù)檢測(cè)高脂蛋白(a)〔Lp(a)〕血癥家族頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度的價(jià)值。方法選擇2012年1月—2014年12月在中山大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院就診的2個(gè)高Lp(a)血癥家族61人為病例組。按照年齡將其分為3個(gè)亞組,10~20歲亞組16人,21~40歲亞組26人,41~58歲亞組19人。同時(shí)選擇在本院體檢的與病例組各亞組年齡、性別匹配的健康志愿者61人為對(duì)照組。測(cè)量左側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈(LCCA)IMT及右側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈(RCCA)IMT,并利用超聲ET技術(shù)檢測(cè)雙側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈硬化程度〔硬化度(β)、彈性系數(shù)(Ep)、順應(yīng)性(AC)、膨大系數(shù)(AI)、脈搏波傳導(dǎo)速度(PWVβ)〕。結(jié)果病例組10~20歲亞組與對(duì)照組10~20歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT、β、Ep、AC、AI、PWVβ比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。病例組21~40歲亞組與對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT、AI比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);病例組21~40歲亞組與對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的β、Ep、AC、PWVβ比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。病例組41~58歲亞組與對(duì)照組41~58歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);病例組41~58歲亞組與對(duì)照組41~58歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的β、Ep、AC、AI、PWVβ比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論

      頸動(dòng)脈疾病;動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化;高脂蛋白血癥;頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中膜厚度;超聲檢查

      Zhang H,Yu SJ,Mao YJ,et al.Dectection of the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis in high Lp(a)family members by carotid intima-media thickness measurement and ultrasonic echo tracking technique[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(30):3759-3762,3768.

      脂蛋白(a)〔lipoprotein,Lp(a)〕是目前公認(rèn)的與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、心腦血管疾病相關(guān)的危險(xiǎn)因素[1-3]。Lp(a)由脂質(zhì)和蛋白質(zhì)兩部分組成,其中脂質(zhì)部分由膽固醇、磷脂等組成;蛋白質(zhì)部分是由載脂蛋白B100(apolipoprotein B100,ApoB100)和載脂蛋白(a)〔apolipoprotein(a),Apo(a)〕通過(guò)二硫鍵相連而成的ApoB100-Apo(a)復(fù)合物,具有水溶性和脂溶性雙重性質(zhì)。Lp(a)不隨血漿中低密度脂蛋白、總膽固醇、三酰甘油或載脂蛋白水平變化而變化,是一種獨(dú)立的特殊脂蛋白,既不是由極低密度脂蛋白轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),也不能轉(zhuǎn)化為其他脂蛋白[4-5]。Lp(a)由人類rs10455872(LPA)基因編碼,但是當(dāng)LPA基因突變時(shí)Apo(a)酶活化部位中精氨酸變異為絲氨酸,產(chǎn)生以下影響: (1)Apo(a)與纖溶酶原具有Kringle結(jié)構(gòu)同源性而無(wú)纖溶活性,形成競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制從而減少纖溶酶的產(chǎn)生;(2)刺激纖溶酶原激活物抑制物Ⅰ(PAI-Ⅰ)抗原及其mRNA表達(dá),增加PAI-Ⅰ的分泌; (3)激活血小板及其蛋白激酶C,促進(jìn)血栓形成。同時(shí)Lp(a)膽固醇沉積造成內(nèi)膜氧化,加速動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的形成,擴(kuò)大動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊[6]。目前認(rèn)為,Lp(a)水平主要由遺傳因素決定,高Lp(a)血癥具有強(qiáng)烈的遺傳傾向,遺傳可能性達(dá)85%[7-8]。頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中層厚度(intimamedia thickness,IMT)測(cè)量是臨床應(yīng)用較多的最具有代表性的檢出心血管疾病危險(xiǎn)的無(wú)創(chuàng)性措施,但是目前的研究沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)Lp(a)水平與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的指標(biāo)如頸動(dòng)脈IMT之間的關(guān)系[9]。超聲回聲跟蹤(echo-tracking,ET)技術(shù)可動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤和自動(dòng)計(jì)算血管內(nèi)徑的變化幅度,較為準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)價(jià)血管硬化程度,彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)檢測(cè)方法中的不足[10]。本研究分別應(yīng)用IMT測(cè)量和超聲ET技術(shù)檢測(cè)高Lp (a)血癥家族成員雙側(cè)頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度,了解高Lp(a)血癥家族頸動(dòng)脈改變,以盡可能早期發(fā)現(xiàn)頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,指導(dǎo)臨床治療并評(píng)價(jià)預(yù)后。

      1 對(duì)象與方法

      1.1 研究對(duì)象及分組選擇2012年1月—2014年12月在中山大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院就診的2個(gè)高Lp(a)血癥家族61人為病例組。研究中多次確證家系成員的血緣性,家系資料可靠。其中男29人,女32人;年齡10~58歲,平均年齡(34 ±18)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合高Lp(a)血癥診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):血漿Lp(a)水平≥0.3 g/L[11]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)以往中度或重度任何瓣膜病,心臟瓣膜手術(shù),嚴(yán)重左房室瓣環(huán)鈣化,心房顫動(dòng),永久性心臟起搏器,其他心臟疾病如擴(kuò)張型心肌病、風(fēng)濕性心臟病等;(2)肝、腎功能不全及嚴(yán)重心功能不全;(3)合并感染、腫瘤或免疫系統(tǒng)疾病;(4)合并腦血管意外或其他神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病。按照年齡將其分為3個(gè)亞組,10~20歲亞組16人,其中男9人,女7人;21~40歲亞組26人,男15人,女11人;41~58歲亞組19人,男8人,女11人。同時(shí)選擇在本院體檢的與病例組各亞組年齡、性別匹配的健康志愿者61人為對(duì)照組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)心臟超聲、心電圖檢查正常;(2)血脂、血糖、血壓正常;(3)無(wú)吸煙嗜好;(4)超聲檢測(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈IMT無(wú)增厚、無(wú)斑塊。1.2檢查方法使用日立阿洛卡Prosound a10型超聲診斷儀,5412型高頻探頭,探頭頻率5~13 MHz。受檢者休息10 min后,平臥位,平靜呼吸,首先測(cè)量左側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈(LCCA)IMT及右側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈(RCCA)IMT,并利用超聲ET技術(shù)檢測(cè)雙側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈硬化程度:血管取樣位置位于頸總動(dòng)脈竇部下緣下方20 mm范圍內(nèi);取血管長(zhǎng)軸斷面,根據(jù)血管的走行,適度調(diào)整探頭的頭、尾端或開(kāi)啟圖像偏轉(zhuǎn)功能,以保證取樣門(mén)與血管壁垂直,且取樣門(mén)置于血管內(nèi)膜處;血管內(nèi)徑變化曲線須保持平穩(wěn)無(wú)明顯漂移,必要時(shí)囑受檢者屏氣,描記波形≥6個(gè);測(cè)量項(xiàng)目包括:硬化度(β)、彈性系數(shù)(Ep)、順應(yīng)性(AC)、膨大系數(shù)(AI)、脈搏波傳導(dǎo)速度(PWVβ),共5項(xiàng)。

      1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理。計(jì)量資料符合正態(tài)分布以(±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);不符合正態(tài)分布以M(QR)表示,兩組間比較采用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 兩組10~20歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較病例組10~20歲亞組與對(duì)照組10~20歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT、β、Ep、AC、AI、PWVβ比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見(jiàn)表1)。

      表1 對(duì)照組10~20歲亞組與病例組10~20歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較±s)Table 1 Comparison of parameters of carotid ultrasound of10-20 subgroup between control group andcase group

      表1 對(duì)照組10~20歲亞組與病例組10~20歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較±s)Table 1 Comparison of parameters of carotid ultrasound of10-20 subgroup between control group andcase group

      注:a為Z值;LCCA=左側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈,RCCA=右側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈,IMT=內(nèi)膜中層厚度,β=硬化度,Ep=彈性系數(shù),AC=順應(yīng)性,AI=膨大系數(shù),PWVβ=脈搏波傳導(dǎo)速度

      LCCA組別例數(shù)IMT(mm)βEp AC AI(%)PWVβ (mm2/kPa)(m/s)對(duì)照組16 0.53±0.14 5.29±1.91 105±46 0.58±0.22 5.90(35.54)4.14±1.86病例組16 0.55±0.14 5.37±1.88 107±40 0.61±0.29 7.03(50.73)4.69±1.71 t(Z)值-0.77-0.95-1.22-1.02 0.90a-0.60 P值0.42 0.35 0.22 0.32 0.37 0.47 RCCA組別IMT(mm)βEp AC AI(%)PWVβ (mm2/kPa)(m/s)對(duì)照組0.50±0.11 4.14±1.68 109±45 0.60±0.27 6.30(45.10)5.66±1.98病例組0.52±0.10 4.48±1.95 110±50 0.62±0.31 6.80(33.60)6.07±1.73 t(Z)值-1.03-1.10-1.07-0.72 0.70a-0.82 P值0.32 0.28 0.31 0.44 0.50 0.40

      2.2 兩組21~40歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較病例組21~40歲亞組與對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT、AI比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);病例組21~40歲亞組與對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的β、Ep、AC、PWVβ比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見(jiàn)表2)。

      表2 對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組與病例組21~40歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較(±s)Table 2 Comparison of parametersof carotid ultrasound of21-40 subgroup between control group andcase group

      表2 對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組與病例組21~40歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較(±s)Table 2 Comparison of parametersof carotid ultrasound of21-40 subgroup between control group andcase group

      注:a為Z值

      LCCA組別例數(shù)IMT(mm)βEp AC AI(%)PWVβ (mm2/kPa)(m/s)對(duì)照組26 0.49±0.17 5.62±1.49 110±43 0.64±0.27 5.66(26.89)5.24±1.56病例組26 0.60±0.16 8.17±1.96 148±62 0.92±0.30 5.08(44.31)8.49±1.51 t(Z)值-0.62-4.05-4.13-3.63 0.74a-3.65 P值0.40<0.01<0.01<0.01 0.44<0.01 RCCA組別IMT(mm)βEp AC AI(%)PWVβ (mm2/kPa)(m/s)對(duì)照組0.52±0.12 5.34±1.58 104±42 0.68±0.29 7.72(48.71)5.36±1.42病例組0.58±0.16 7.98±1.75 156±73 0.96±0.33 6.07(31.54)8.27±1.33 t(Z)值-0.55-4.09-4.22-3.89 0.59a-3.32 P值0.34<0.01<0.01<0.01 0.53<0.01

      2.3 兩組41~58歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較病例組41~58歲亞組與對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);病例組41~58歲亞組與對(duì)照組41~58歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的β、Ep、AC、AI、PWVβ比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見(jiàn)表3)。

      表3 對(duì)照組與病例組41~58歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較(±s)Table 3 Comparison of parameters of carotid ultrasound of41-58 subgroup between control group andcase group

      表3 對(duì)照組與病例組41~58歲亞組頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較(±s)Table 3 Comparison of parameters of carotid ultrasound of41-58 subgroup between control group andcase group

      注:a為Z值

      LCCA組別例數(shù)IMT(mm)βEp AC AI(%)PWVβ (mm2/kPa)(m/s)對(duì)照組19 0.69±0.19 9.90±3.45 139±61 0.86±0.38 5.95(54.57)7.16±2.10病例組19 1.19±0.25 10.03±3.14 155±65 0.94±0.42 6.19(40.75)7.99±2.26 t(Z)值-2.97-1.05-1.40-1.07 0.71a-0.97 P值0.01 0.30 0.15 0.29 0.48 0.34 RCCA組別IMT(mm)βEp AC AI(%)PWVβ (mm2/kPa)(m/s)對(duì)照組0.56±0.12 10.20±3.35 144±68 0.85±0.39 4.72(57.22)7.36±2.18病例組1.12±0.18 10.66±3.88 162±60 0.98±0.40 5.46(58.63)7.67±2.03 t(Z)值-5.08-0.94-1.55-1.71 0.84a-0.88 P值<0.01 0.36 0.12 0.10 0.41 0.38

      3 討論

      目前認(rèn)為,Lp(a)參與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的形成存在多種機(jī)制:(1)脂蛋白直接沉積在動(dòng)脈壁;(2)Lp(a)容易發(fā)生氧化,氧化的Lp(a)更容易被巨噬細(xì)胞通過(guò)清道夫受體攝取,巨噬細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕菽?xì)胞;(3)血漿Lp(a)水平增加會(huì)誘發(fā)血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙[12-14]。目前認(rèn)為,在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的解剖學(xué)證據(jù)出現(xiàn)之前,動(dòng)脈即開(kāi)始發(fā)生內(nèi)皮功能的異常,因此血管硬化程度的改變是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)病的一個(gè)早期環(huán)節(jié)[15]。在血管壁結(jié)構(gòu)改變之前,早期發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的功能性改變對(duì)疾病的早期治療具有重要意義。

      在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化中,頸動(dòng)脈易受累及。超聲檢查評(píng)價(jià)頸動(dòng)脈的硬化程度具有無(wú)創(chuàng)、無(wú)放射風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、價(jià)格較低、可以短期內(nèi)反復(fù)檢查的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是臨床評(píng)價(jià)頸動(dòng)脈結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的最常用方法。頸動(dòng)脈位置表淺,使用高頻超聲探頭可以更容易獲得高質(zhì)量聲像圖,且測(cè)量操作簡(jiǎn)捷,圖像直觀。因此,頸動(dòng)脈已經(jīng)成為反映全身動(dòng)脈硬化病變的最常用的觀察窗口[16]。超聲ET技術(shù)可以通過(guò)對(duì)頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度的檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化造成的功能性改變。以往的大型多中心臨床研究證實(shí),可以通過(guò)該項(xiàng)檢測(cè)技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)吸煙人群頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度的早期改變[17]。

      本研究結(jié)果顯示,病例組10~20歲亞組與對(duì)照組10~20歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT無(wú)差異,病例組21~40歲亞組與對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT無(wú)差異,病例組41~58歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT大于對(duì)照組41~58歲亞組,說(shuō)明IMT可能不適合作為一個(gè)敏感指標(biāo)用于發(fā)現(xiàn)高Lp(a)血癥患者早期頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。病例組10~20歲亞組與對(duì)照組10~20歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT、β、Ep、AC、AI、PWVβ無(wú)差異,考慮原因可能是由于本亞組中高Lp(a)血癥對(duì)于頸動(dòng)脈的影響時(shí)間較短,IMT測(cè)量和超聲ET技術(shù)均不能發(fā)現(xiàn)高Lp(a)血癥患者細(xì)微的血管病變。病例組41~58歲亞組與對(duì)照組41~58歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的β、Ep、AC、AI、PWVβ無(wú)差異,推斷原因可能是頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)斑塊形成對(duì)動(dòng)脈僵硬程度的測(cè)量造成影響。病例組21~40歲亞組與對(duì)照組21~40歲亞組LCCA、RCCA的IMT、AI無(wú)差異,而LCCA、RCCA的β、Ep、AC、PWVβ有差異,其機(jī)制可能如下:(1)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化從有致病因素開(kāi)始到動(dòng)脈管壁形態(tài)學(xué)的改變,是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)隱匿的過(guò)程,頸動(dòng)脈IMT在病變?cè)缙诓怀霈F(xiàn)明顯增厚。(2)高Lp(a)血癥對(duì)頸動(dòng)脈IMT的影響仍有爭(zhēng)議[18-20],因此在高Lp(a)血癥患者中頸動(dòng)脈IMT并非反映動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的良好指標(biāo)。(3)傳統(tǒng)的超聲測(cè)量IMT法由于采集的圖像是視頻信號(hào),圖像所能提供的信息量和測(cè)量精度易受人為因素等影響,精確度只能達(dá)到0.1 mm[21]。而超聲ET技術(shù)是通過(guò)射頻信號(hào)相位差法來(lái)計(jì)算和測(cè)量管壁實(shí)時(shí)位移的一種方法,對(duì)收縮期、舒張期的血管壁運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的相位偏移信號(hào)進(jìn)行采集分析,實(shí)時(shí)跟蹤、描記血管壁運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,精確度達(dá)到原有技術(shù)的10倍[21]。

      本研究同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),頸動(dòng)脈AI的變異度較大,而且病例組與對(duì)照組AI無(wú)差異。已知該指標(biāo)的計(jì)算公式是:AI=△P/PP,其中△P表示收縮期峰值血壓與折點(diǎn)間壓差,PP表示脈壓差,出現(xiàn)上述結(jié)果的原因可能與電腦計(jì)算該項(xiàng)指標(biāo)時(shí)對(duì)折點(diǎn)的選擇誤差有關(guān)[22]。

      本研究中納入的高Lp(a)血癥家族數(shù)量較少,按照年齡分組后每個(gè)年齡組的入選人數(shù)較少,年齡段跨度較大,對(duì)于統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果具有一定的影響。今后需要納入更多的家族樣本。

      綜上所述,IMT測(cè)量可能不適合作為一個(gè)敏感指標(biāo)用于發(fā)現(xiàn)高Lp(a)血癥患者早期頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。高Lp(a)血癥家族中20歲以下的成員,超聲ET技術(shù)難以發(fā)現(xiàn)頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度;21~40歲的成員,超聲ET技術(shù)可以作為一種敏感的手段用以發(fā)現(xiàn)早期頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度;41~58歲的成員,由于血管內(nèi)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)斑塊等中晚期病變,超聲ET技術(shù)不再適合評(píng)價(jià)其頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度。

      [1]Willeit P,Kiechl S,Kronenberg F,et al. Discrimination and net reclassification of cardiovascular risk with lipoprotein(a): prospective 15-year outcomes in the Bruneck Study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2014,64(9):851-860.

      [2]Oliveira SH,de Miranda MR,Santos Morais CA,et al.Serum lipoprotein-A levels in healthy subjects indicate a lurking cerebroand cardio-vascular risk in the younger population[J].Brain Res Bull,2013,97:48-52.

      [3]Khera AV,Everett BM,Caulfield MP,et al.Lipoprotein(a)concentrations,rosuvastatin therapy,and residual vascular risk:an analysis from the JUPITER Trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention:an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin)[J].Circulation,2014,129(6):635-642.

      [4]Leebmann J,Roeseler E,Julius U,et al. Lipoprotein apheresis in patients with maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy,lipoprotein(a)-h(huán)yperlipoproteinemia,and progressive cardiovascular disease: prospective observational multicenter study[J].Circulation,2013,128(24):2567-2576.

      [5]Jayasinghe R,Craig IH,Mohan RK. Lipoprotein(A)in clinical practice[J].JPak Med Assoc,2014,64(4):447-450.

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      [7]Zabaneh D,Kumari M,Sandhu M,et al. Meta analysis of candidate gene variants outside the LPA locus with Lp(a)plasma levels in 14,500 participants of six White European cohorts[J].Atherosclerosis,2011,217(2):447-451.

      [8]Nenseter MS,Lindvig HW,Ueland T,et al.Lipoprotein(a)levels in coronary heart disease-susceptible and-resistant patients with familial hypercholesterolemia[J].Atherosclerosis,2011,216(2): 426-432.

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      [10]Yang S,Wang DZ,Zhang HX,et al. Echo-tracking technology assessment of carotid artery stiffness in patients with coronary slow flow[J].Ultrasound Med Biol,2015,41(1):72-76.

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      [13]Ye Z,Ali Z,Klee GG,et al.Associations of candidate biomarkers of vascular disease with the ankle-brachial index and peripheral arterial disease[J].Am J Hypertens,2013,26(4):495-502.

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      [15]Su Y,Liu XM,Sun YM,et al. Endothelial dysfunction in impaired fasting glycemia,impaired glucose tolerance,and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Am J Cardiol,2008,102(4): 497-498.

      [16]Lorenz MW,Markus HS,Bots ML,et al. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Circulation,2007,115(4):459-467.

      [17]Su N,Huang PT,Zhang C,et al. Influence of smoking and the related risk factors on carotid elasticity in Chinese males by echo tracking[J].Chinese Journal of Ultrasonography,2013,22 (4):308-312.(in Chinese)蘇楠,黃品同,張超,等.血管回聲追蹤技術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)吸煙及相關(guān)因素對(duì)國(guó)人男性頸動(dòng)脈彈性的影響[J].中華超聲影像學(xué)雜志,2013,22(4):308-312.

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      Dectection of the Degree of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in High Lp(a)Family Members by Carotid Intima-media Thickness Measurement and Ultrasonic Echo Tracking Technique

      ZHANG Hui,YU Shu-jie,MAO Yong-jiang,et al. Department of Ultrasound,the Third Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China

      Objective To investigate the value of carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)measurement and ultrasonic echo tracking(ET)technique in the detection of the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis in high Lp(a)family members.Methods 61 patients in two high Lp(a)families who were treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2012 to December 2014 as case group were enrolled in the study.According to age,the patients were divided into three subgroups:10-20 subgroup(n=16),21-40 subgroup(n=26),41-58 subgroup(n=19).Meanwhile,61 healthy volunteers who have matching ages and genders with the subgroups of case group were also enrolled.The carotid IMT of left common carotid artery(LCCA)and right common carotid artery(RCCA)was measured,and the indexes of the stiffness degree of bilateral common carotid artery were also measured,including the arterial stiffness index(β),pressure-strain elastic modulus(Ep),arterial compliance(AC),augmentation index(AI),and pulse wave velocity(PWVβ).Results 10-20 subgroup of case group and 10-20 subgroup of control group were not significantly different(P>0.05)in IMT,β,Ep,AC,AI and PWVβ of LCCA and RCCA.21-40 subgroup of case group and 21-40 subgroup of control group were not significantly different(P>0.05)in IMT and AI of LCCA and RCCA;21-40 subgroup of case group and 21-40 subgroup of control group were significantly different(P<0.05)in β,Ep,AC and PWVβ of LCCA and RCCA.41-58 subgroup of case group and 41-58 subgroup of control group were significantly different(P<0.05)in IMT of LCCA and RCCA;41-58 subgroup of case group and 41-58 subgroup of control group were not significantly different(P>0.05)in β,Ep,AC,AI and PWVβ of LCCA and RCCA.Conclusion IMT measurement may not be a sensitive method to detect early carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with high Lp(a).Ultrasonic ET technique can hardly detect carotid artery atherosclerosis in high Lp(a)family members younger than 20 years old;ultrasonic ET technique is sensitive in the screening for carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients aged 21 to 40;ultrasonic ET technique is not a proper technique to detect the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis in high Lp(a)family members aged 41 to58,for plaque and other middle and late stage lesions have appeared in vessels.

      Carotid artery diseases;Atherosclerosis;Hyperlipoproteinemias;Carotid intima-media thickness;Ultrasonography

      R 589.2

      A

      10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.30.027張輝,余舒杰,毛永江,等.頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中層厚度測(cè)量和超聲回聲跟蹤技術(shù)檢測(cè)高脂蛋白(a)血癥家族成員頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度研究[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2015,18(30):3759-3762,3768.[www.chinagp.net]

      2015-05-31;

      2015-08-21)

      (本文編輯:崔麗紅)

      510630廣東省廣州市,中山大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院超聲科(張輝,毛永江,鄭榮琴),心血管內(nèi)科(余舒杰),不育與性醫(yī)學(xué)科(張二紅)

      鄭榮琴,510630廣東省廣州市,中山大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院超聲科;E-mail:zhengrongqin123@163.com

      IMT測(cè)量可能不適合作為一個(gè)敏感指標(biāo)用于發(fā)現(xiàn)高Lp(a)血癥患者早期頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。高Lp(a)血癥家族中20歲以下的成員,超聲ET技術(shù)難以發(fā)現(xiàn)頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度;21~40歲的成員,超聲ET技術(shù)可以作為一種敏感的手段用以發(fā)現(xiàn)早期頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度;41~58歲的成員,由于血管內(nèi)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)斑塊等中晚期病變,超聲ET技術(shù)不再適合評(píng)價(jià)其頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度。

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