張利霞,趙西卿,郭瑞,許宏鑫
(延安大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)院,陜西延安716000)
關(guān)于數(shù)論函數(shù)方程S(SL(n))=φ(n)的可解性
張利霞,趙西卿,郭瑞,許宏鑫
(延安大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)院,陜西延安716000)
對(duì)于任意正整數(shù)n,S(n),SL(n),φ(n)分別為Smarandache函數(shù),Smarandache LCM函數(shù)和Euler函數(shù).本文利用S(n),SL(n),φ(n)的基本性質(zhì)結(jié)合初等方法推廣了方程S(n)=φ(n)和SL(n)=φ(n),研究了方程S(SL(n))=φ(n)的可解性,給出并證明了該方程僅有正整數(shù)解n=1,8,9,12,18.
Smarandache函數(shù);Smarandache LCM函數(shù);Euler函數(shù);正整數(shù)解
對(duì)于任意正整數(shù)n,著名的F.Smarandache函數(shù)S(n)定義為最小的正整數(shù)m使得n|m!,即S(n)=min{m:m∈N,n|m?。?].Smarandache LCM函數(shù)定義為最小的正整數(shù)k使得n|[1,2,···,k],即SL(n)=min{k:k∈N,n|[1,2,···,k]}[2].Euler函數(shù)φ(n)定義為小于n且與n互素的正整數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù).關(guān)于Smarandache函數(shù)的有關(guān)方程問題的研究,有許多學(xué)者已經(jīng)取得了一些重要的結(jié)果,例如文獻(xiàn)[3]給出了S(n)=φ(n)的所有正整數(shù)解為n=1,8,9,12,18.文獻(xiàn)[4]研究了方程SL(n)=φ(n),并給出它有且僅有n=1和形如n=3·2α(α≥2)的解.文獻(xiàn)[5]研究了函數(shù)方程Z(n)+S?(n)=n,得出它僅有偶數(shù)解n=6和奇數(shù)解n=pk,其中p為奇素?cái)?shù),k為任意正整數(shù).
本文在前人關(guān)于Smarandache函數(shù)的有關(guān)方程問題的研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,主要研究Smarandache函數(shù)S(n)和Smarandache LCM函數(shù)SL(n)的復(fù)合函數(shù)與Euler函數(shù)φ(n)之間的關(guān)系,即意在探討方程S(SL(n))=φ(n)的可解性,具體結(jié)果有
定理1.1方程S(SL(n))=φ(n)有且僅有n=1,8,9,12,18的解.
引理2.1[6]對(duì)任意正整數(shù)n,其中為素?cái)?shù),特別地SL(pα)=pα.
引理2.2[7]如果p為某一素?cái)?shù),那么S(pα)≤kp.如果k<p,那么S(pk)=kp,其中k為任意給定的正整數(shù).
引理2.3[8]Euler函數(shù)是積性函數(shù).即對(duì)任意互素的正整數(shù)a和b,有φ(ab)=φ(a)φ(b).
引理2.4對(duì)于正整數(shù)n,(1)方程φ(n)=1,僅有整數(shù)解n=1,2;(2)方程φ(n)=2,僅有整數(shù)解n=3,4,6.
證明(1)當(dāng)n=1,2時(shí),顯然φ(n)=1.
當(dāng)n>2時(shí),由文獻(xiàn)[2]第6-1節(jié)得φ(n)=2k(k=1,2,3,···),顯然φ(n)≠1.綜上方程φ(n)=1,僅有整數(shù)解n=1,2.
(2)證明參照文獻(xiàn)[9].
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Solvability of arithmetic function equation S(SL(n))=φ(n)
Zhang Lixia,Zhao Xiqing,Guo Rui,Xu Hongxin
(College of Mathematics and Computer Science,Yan′an University,Yan′an716000,China)
For any positive integer n,S(n),SL(n),φ(n)is Smarandache function,Smarandache LCM function and Euler function.In the present paper,the equation S(n)=φ(n)and SL(n)=φ(n)were promoted,and the solvability of equation S(SL(n))=φ(n)was studied and all the positive integer solutions n=1,8,9,12,18 of the equation were given by using the property of S(n),SL(n),φ(n)and elementary method.
Smarandache function,Smarandache LCM function,Euler function,positive integer solutions
O156.4
A
1008-5513(2015)05-0533-04
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5513.2015.05.014
2015-03-25.
陜西省教育廳科研計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2013JK0557);延安大學(xué)研究生教育創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目.
張利霞(1989-),碩士生,研究方向:數(shù)論.
趙西卿(1965-),副教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,研究方向:解析數(shù)論.
2010 MSC:11A99