羅育豪,洪超群,杜 毓,翁雪芬
·臨床研究·
血小板計數(shù)及血漿D-二聚體水平與肺癌相關性研究
羅育豪,洪超群,杜 毓,翁雪芬
目的 探討肺癌患者與血小板計數(shù)及血漿D-二聚體水平的相關性研究。方法 回顧性分析155例肺癌患者及120例健康體檢者的血小板計數(shù)及血漿D-二聚體水平。結果 肺癌患者相比健康體檢者,血小板計數(shù)[(301.90±61.13)×109/L與(245.30±30.28)×109/L]及血漿D-二聚體水平[406(156.0,969.0)ng/ mL與124(58.0,177.0)ng/mL]增高(Z=4.159、P<0.01及Z=15.259、P<0.01),而肺癌患者中,發(fā)生遠處轉移患者相比原位癌患者,血小板計數(shù)[(354.32±93.21)×109/L與(271.20±46.49)×109/L]及血漿D-二聚體水平[663(164.5,1 465.5)ng/mL與350(155.5,786.0)ng/mL]進一步增高(Z=4.058、P<0.05及Z=3.155、P<0.05)。結論 肺癌患者血小板計數(shù)及血漿D-二聚體水平與肺癌轉移、預后存在相關性。
肺癌;血小板計數(shù);D-二聚體
惡性腫瘤和凝血功能障礙存在密切關系,20%機體血栓事件與腫瘤相關。機體凝血功能亢進,一方面可導致血栓事件的發(fā)生,引起腫瘤患者血栓并發(fā)癥[1],另一方面多種止血、凝血相關因子參與腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及轉移[2-4]。證據(jù)表明,血漿中止血、凝血相關因子濃度增高,不僅導致腫瘤觸發(fā),而且參與到腫瘤的轉移過程,增加患者病死率[5]。血小板及D-二聚體參與機體止血、凝血過程,其血漿水平與肺癌患者是否存在相關性,相關研究報道不多。選取155例肺癌患者及120例健康體檢者進行回顧性研究,分析血小板計數(shù)(platelet count,PLT)及血漿D-二聚體與肺癌的相關性。
1.1 臨床資料 回顧性分析汕頭大學醫(yī)學院附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院2012年1月—2014年9月住院的肺癌患者155例,男性111例、女性44例,年齡(58±16)歲;同時,選取同家醫(yī)院2014年5—10月健康體檢者120例為對照組,男性74例、女性46例,年齡(51±19)歲。2組患者性別、年齡差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 標準 納入標準:經(jīng)CT/正電子發(fā)射計算機斷層掃描及病理檢查明確診斷的未經(jīng)治療的原發(fā)性肺癌患者。排除標準:①肺部轉移癌;②合并其他臟器的嚴重疾病及嚴重感染;③大于80歲患者。
1.3 方法 比較納入肺癌患者及健康體檢者的PLT及血漿D-二聚體水平。同時,根據(jù)肺癌患者是否發(fā)生遠處器官轉移,將納入的肺癌患者分為原位癌組(106例)和轉移癌組(49例)。
抽取受檢者清晨空腹靜脈血1.8 mL,經(jīng)枸櫞酸鈉抗凝混勻后,于2 h內用Acl Elite Pro型全自動血凝儀檢測(免疫比濁法)血漿D-二聚體,采用貝克曼全自動生化分析儀檢測PLT。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理 應用SPSS 15.0軟件,計量資料用均數(shù)±標準差(±s)或中位數(shù)[(四分位數(shù)間距,M (Q1,Q3)]表示,組間比較采用Mann-Whitney u檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
肺癌組PLT和血漿D-二聚體水平均明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Z=4.159、P<0.01和Z=15.259、P<0.01);轉移癌組PLT和血漿D-二聚體水平均明顯高于原位癌組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Z=4.058、P<0.05和Z=3.155、P<0.05)。見表1。
表1 受檢者PLT及血漿D-二聚體水平
既往多項研究均證實,發(fā)生血栓事件的患者中,常合并有腫瘤,而腫瘤患者也常常出現(xiàn)血栓栓塞并發(fā)癥,提示機體止血、凝血過程與腫瘤存在相關性[1-4]。有研究表明,機體凝血纖溶系統(tǒng)亢進可激活腫瘤細胞,同時促進腫瘤細胞轉移,增加侵襲性[6]。因此,止血、凝血因子水平增高與乳腺癌[7]、結直腸癌[8]、卵巢癌[9]等多種腫瘤的預后、分期存在相關性。本研究通過回顧性分析肺癌患者PLT及血漿D-二聚體濃度,以獲得進一步證據(jù)。結果顯示,肺癌患者相比健康體檢者PLT及血漿D-二聚體水平增高;而肺癌患者中,發(fā)生遠處轉移患者相比原位癌患者,PLT及血漿D-二聚體水平更高。提示PLT及血漿D-二聚體水平與肺癌存在相關性。
PLT增多是一個復雜過程,多種疾病均可導致PLT增多。Tchebiner等[10]通過對138例PLT增多癥患者和684例非PLT增多癥者進行2年的隊列研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)PLT增多主要與感染、膿毒癥、風濕性疾病、腫瘤存在相關性,同時也是疾病并發(fā)癥及死亡的一個獨立預測指標。目前認為肺癌引起的PLT增多為反應性增多,但機制尚未完全闡明。對肺癌PLT增多的解釋[11-13]:①白介素-6誘導促血小板生成素(thrombopoietin,TPO)、巨核細胞生長因子的產(chǎn)生,而巨核細胞生長因子現(xiàn)被認為是巨核細胞生成的主要體液調節(jié)者[14];②促血小板生成因子過度生成,可能是主要原因,TPO受體的活化和骨髓中TPO mRNA水平的反饋調節(jié)導致PLT增多,其可能機制為惡性腫瘤本身可產(chǎn)生一種類似TPO、起到骨髓刺激作用的物質,此物質能刺激多能干細胞,促使粒細胞-巨噬細胞集落刺激因子生成,形成巨核細胞集落,促使血小板生成增多;③慢性失血和營養(yǎng)不良致血小板反應性升高;④腫瘤組織壞死、血小板破壞加速,可能引起代償性PLT升高。Iwasaki等[12]回顧性研究143例肺癌患者的臨床資料發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)多因素分析,PLT增多是肺癌轉移及手術指證有價值的標志,PLT增多與肺癌預后存在相關性。本研究同樣發(fā)現(xiàn),肺癌患者相比健康體檢者PLT增多,發(fā)生遠處轉移患者相比原位癌患者也增多,提示PLT與腫瘤發(fā)生、轉移均存在相關性。
D-二聚體是體內高凝狀態(tài)和纖溶亢進分子標志物之一,是唯一直接反映凝血酶和纖溶酶生成的指標。既往研究表明,血漿D-二聚體水平與多種腫瘤存在相關性[8,14-15]。Yamamoto等[8]通過檢測42例結直腸癌患者系統(tǒng)性化療前、后血漿D-二聚體水平,發(fā)現(xiàn)血漿D-二聚體水平增高導致患者系統(tǒng)性化療后復發(fā)率及病死率增高,是系統(tǒng)性化療后患者死亡的一個獨立危險因素。本研究中,同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)肺癌患者D-二聚體增高,遠處轉移患者相比原位癌患者更高,提示D-二聚體與肺癌存在相關性。
總之,肺癌患者相比健康體檢者,PLT及血漿D-二聚體水平增高,肺癌患者中發(fā)生遠處轉移患者相比原位癌患者進一步增高,提示PLT及血漿D-二聚體水平與肺癌轉移、預后存在相關性。
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The correlations of platelet count and D-dimer level with lung cancer
LUO Yuhao1,HONG Chaoqun2,DU Yu3,WENG Xuefen1
(1.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou Guangdong 515041,China;2.Oncological Research Laboratory,Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou Guangdong 515041,China;3.Equipment Department,Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou Guangdong 515041,China)
Objective To study the correlations of platelet count and D-dimer level with lung cancer.Methods Retrospective analysis of platelet count and plasma D-dimer level in 155 patients with lung cancer and 120 normal healthy controls was presented.Results The platelet count and plasma D-dimer level were significantly higher in lung cancer than in normal controls[(301.90± 61.13)×109/L vs(245.30±30.28)×109/L,Z=4.159,P<0.01 and 406(156.0,969.0)ng/mL vs 124(58.0,177.0)ng/mL,Z=15.259,P<0.01].Moreover,the platelet count and plasma D-dimer level were further higher in patients with distant metastasis of lung cancer than in patients with carcinoma in situ[(354.32±93.21)×109/L vs(271.20±46.49)×109/L,Z=4.058,P<0.05 and 663(164.5,1 465.5)ng/mL vs 350(155.5,786.0)ng/mL,Z=3.155,P<0.05)].Conclusion The platelet count and plasma D-dimer level in patients with lung cancer was associated with disease progression and prognosis.
Lung cancer;Platelet count;D-dimer
R734.2
B
2095-3097(2015)06-0354-03
10.3969/j.issn.2095-3097.2015.06.010
2015-09-30 本文編輯:徐海琴)
515041廣東汕頭,汕頭大學醫(yī)學院附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院檢驗科(羅育豪,翁雪芬),腫瘤研究室(洪超群),設備科(杜 毓)
翁雪芬,E-mail:13670449235@139.com