柯 楊, 程韻楓
復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院血液科, 上海 200032
?
STAT3蛋白調(diào)節(jié)Th17細(xì)胞的分化及其與自身免疫相關(guān)性血液疾病的關(guān)系
柯 楊, 程韻楓*
復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院血液科, 上海 200032
信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子(signal transducer and activator of transcription,STAT)主要參與細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)。其中,STAT3蛋白在輔助性T細(xì)胞17(T helper cell 17, Th17細(xì)胞)的分化中起重要的作用。STAT3信號(hào)通路的異常也被證實(shí)與多種自身免疫相關(guān)性血液疾病的發(fā)生相關(guān),如免疫性血小板減少癥(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)、再生障礙性貧血(aplastic anemia,AA)、自身免疫性溶血性貧血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA)等。本文就STAT3蛋白與Th17細(xì)胞的分化及其與自身免疫相關(guān)性血液疾病的關(guān)系作一綜述。
STAT3;Th17細(xì)胞;自身免疫相關(guān)性血液疾病
信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子(signal transducer and activator of transcription,STAT)蛋白家族是一類重要的細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)蛋白。多種細(xì)胞因子通過(guò)JAK/STAT這一經(jīng)典信號(hào)通路將信號(hào)傳遞至胞內(nèi),從而改變特異性靶細(xì)胞的基因表達(dá)。JAK/STAT信號(hào)通路的活化決定了T細(xì)胞的分化方向,從而調(diào)節(jié)一系列的生理及病理過(guò)程。其中,STAT3蛋白被證實(shí)在調(diào)節(jié)輔助性T細(xì)胞17(T helper cell 17, Th17細(xì)胞)的分化中起重要作用。STAT3信號(hào)通路的異常與多種疾病的發(fā)生相關(guān),如感染、腫瘤及自身免疫性疾病等。本文就STAT3蛋白調(diào)節(jié)Th17細(xì)胞的分化及其在自身免疫相關(guān)性血液疾病中的作用作一綜述。
哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中有7種STAT蛋白,即STAT1、STAT2、STAT3、STAT4、STAT5a、STAT5b、STAT6。STAT蛋白包含750~850個(gè)氨基酸[1],其結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括蛋白酪氨酸激酶功能域、卷曲螺旋區(qū)域、DNA結(jié)合功能域、連接區(qū)域、參與STAT3二聚體化的SH2區(qū)域,以及轉(zhuǎn)錄因子相互作用位點(diǎn)和酪氨酸磷酸化位點(diǎn)的C末端[2]。在生理?xiàng)l件下,細(xì)胞因子與靶細(xì)胞膜上的受體結(jié)合后,受體發(fā)生二聚化,進(jìn)而激活受體相關(guān)性激酶JAKs。受體上的酪氨酸殘基被JAKs磷酸化后,為胞質(zhì)中的STATs提供結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。STATs被JAKs磷酸化而激活,借助SH2結(jié)構(gòu)域形成二聚體,轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至細(xì)胞核,與靶基因的啟動(dòng)子序列結(jié)合,調(diào)控基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄。STAT3信號(hào)通路參與調(diào)控的基因包括細(xì)胞周期調(diào)節(jié)基因c-myc、pim-1、cyclinD1,抗凋亡基因Bcl-2、Bcl-xL、Mcl-1、Fas,等[3]。
多種細(xì)胞因子可通過(guò)STAT3信號(hào)通路發(fā)揮作用,按其受體的不同可分為:(1)gp130受體家族,如白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、親膽堿能神經(jīng)元因子(cholinergic neuronotrophic factor,CNTF)、抑瘤素M(oncostatin-M, OSM)、白血病抑制因子(leukemia inhibitory factor,LIF)、粒細(xì)胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,G-CSF)等;(2)IL-2γc受體家族,如IL-2、IL-7、IL-9、IL-13、IL-15、IL-21等;(3)IL-10相關(guān)受體家族,如IL-10、IL-20、IL-22等;(4)酪氨酸激酶受體家族,如表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(epithelial growth factor receptor,EGFR)、集落刺激因子受體1(colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor,CSF-1R)、血小板衍生生長(zhǎng)因子受體(platelet-derived growth factor receptor,PDGFR)等[4-6]。
STAT3蛋白在Th17細(xì)胞的分化中起重要作用。高IgE綜合征(hyper IgE syndrome,HIES)是一種原發(fā)性免疫缺陷疾病,其發(fā)病機(jī)制是Stat3基因突變。這類患者表現(xiàn)為反復(fù)的細(xì)菌及真菌感染,同時(shí),其外周血中Th17細(xì)胞顯著缺乏[7-8]。此外,有研究[9]發(fā)現(xiàn),Stat3基因敲除小鼠可出現(xiàn)Th17細(xì)胞分化障礙。
STAT3蛋白對(duì)Th17細(xì)胞分化的調(diào)控主要體現(xiàn)在兩方面:一方面參與調(diào)控Th17細(xì)胞分化所需的細(xì)胞因子的分泌;另一方面參與調(diào)控分化相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的表達(dá)。這兩方面相互聯(lián)系、相互作用,形成了由細(xì)胞因子、信號(hào)通路及轉(zhuǎn)錄因子交織的復(fù)雜而精確的調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
2.1 STAT3信號(hào)通路與參與調(diào)節(jié)Th17細(xì)胞分化的細(xì)胞因子 在不同病原體作用下,機(jī)體的固有免疫系統(tǒng)分泌相應(yīng)的細(xì)胞因子作用于na?ve T細(xì)胞,誘導(dǎo)其分化為機(jī)體所需的T細(xì)胞亞型,如Th1、Th2、Th17細(xì)胞、Treg等。T細(xì)胞分化的決定因素是機(jī)體對(duì)抗病原體產(chǎn)生的免疫反應(yīng),始動(dòng)因子是相應(yīng)的細(xì)胞因子[10]。在Th17細(xì)胞的分化中,起主要作用的細(xì)胞因子為IL-6、轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)、IL-21、IL-23等,而信號(hào)的傳遞則主要通過(guò)STAT3信號(hào)通路[11]。其中,IL-6被認(rèn)為是Th17細(xì)胞分化的始動(dòng)因子,TGF-β則起到協(xié)同作用。IL-6通過(guò)活化STAT3蛋白而促進(jìn)IL21、IL21R及IL23基因的表達(dá),使細(xì)胞分泌IL-21及IL-23,IL-21又通過(guò)活化STAT3蛋白,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)Th17細(xì)胞分化及IL-17的分泌;IL-23繼續(xù)活化STAT3蛋白,擴(kuò)大及維持Th17細(xì)胞分化[12]。STAT3蛋白對(duì)Th17細(xì)胞分化相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子的調(diào)控主要表現(xiàn)為:STAT3蛋白直接與IL17及IL17f結(jié)合,調(diào)控IL-17的分泌[13];STAT3蛋白與IL21、IL21R及IL23基因結(jié)合,調(diào)控其表達(dá);活化的STAT3蛋白參與上調(diào)IL-23R的表達(dá)[14-15]。
2.2 STAT3信號(hào)通路與參與調(diào)節(jié)Th17細(xì)胞分化的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子 維甲酸相關(guān)孤核受體γt(retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt,RORγt)屬于核激素受體超家族,是調(diào)控Th17細(xì)胞分化的關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。TGF-β和IL-6可通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)大量的RORγt表達(dá),從而誘導(dǎo)編碼IL-17細(xì)胞因子的基因表達(dá),促進(jìn)Th17細(xì)胞分化。研究[16]表明,Rorc-/-小鼠CD4+T細(xì)胞向Th17細(xì)胞分化的能力下降,這類小鼠的自身免疫性腦脊髓膜炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)癥狀較輕。RORγt與STAT3蛋白有密切聯(lián)系,存在STAT3缺陷的T細(xì)胞中RORγt表達(dá)下降;另一方面,RORγt基因敲除的細(xì)胞即使在STAT3蛋白持續(xù)活化的狀態(tài)下,其分泌IL-17的能力也明顯下降[15]。所以,STAT3蛋白和RORγt在Th17細(xì)胞的分化中起協(xié)同作用,兩者缺一不可。
干擾素調(diào)節(jié)因子4(interferon regulatory factor 4,IRF4)是誘導(dǎo)GATA結(jié)合蛋白3(GATA binding protein 3,GATA3)表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,在Th2細(xì)胞的分化中起關(guān)鍵作用。目前研究表明,IRF4在Th17細(xì)胞的分化中同樣有著十分重要的作用。Biswas等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn),磷酸化的IRF4可以調(diào)節(jié)IL-17及IL-21的分泌。Brüstle等[18]則發(fā)現(xiàn),IRF4基因缺陷的小鼠存在Th17細(xì)胞分化障礙及IL-17分泌下降;IRF4基因缺陷的小鼠EAE誘導(dǎo)失敗,且其抵抗程度均強(qiáng)于IL-17、IL-23、STAT3和RORγt缺失的小鼠。因此,IRF4可能與STAT3蛋白共同作用誘導(dǎo)RORγt的表達(dá),促進(jìn)Th17細(xì)胞的分化。
2.3 STAT3蛋白活性及Th17細(xì)胞分化的負(fù)調(diào)控 細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)負(fù)調(diào)控因子3(suppressor of cytokine signaling 3,Socs3)是Th17細(xì)胞的負(fù)調(diào)控因子。Wong等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn),去除小鼠造血細(xì)胞及內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的Socs3會(huì)增加其對(duì)膠原性關(guān)節(jié)炎(collagen induced arthritis,CIA)的易感性;CIA的炎癥特點(diǎn)為嗜中性粒細(xì)胞廣泛浸潤(rùn),以及IL-17參與調(diào)控的細(xì)胞因子(G-CSF、IL-6、趨化因子)大量分泌。研究[13]表明,特異性去除T細(xì)胞的Socs3可以增強(qiáng)STAT3蛋白的磷酸化,以及促進(jìn)IL-17的分泌。上述研究表明,Socs3通過(guò)抑制STAT3蛋白的活性而抑制Th17細(xì)胞的分化。
2.4 STAT3信號(hào)通路是Th17細(xì)胞與Treg細(xì)胞分化的分叉點(diǎn) CD4+T細(xì)胞亞群中Th17細(xì)胞與Treg細(xì)胞之間的平衡是保持機(jī)體正常免疫反應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵之一。將na?ve CD4+T細(xì)胞在富含TGF-β的環(huán)境中培養(yǎng),可以出現(xiàn)IL-2分泌增加及TGF-β1信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路的活化;IL-2及TGF-β進(jìn)一步活化STAT5及SMAD信號(hào)通路,上調(diào)Foxp3及RORγt的表達(dá),從而使 CD4+T細(xì)胞分化成為Treg/Th17細(xì)胞前體細(xì)胞。前體細(xì)胞進(jìn)一步分化為Th17細(xì)胞還是Treg細(xì)胞則取決于其他細(xì)胞外因素,如細(xì)胞因子的作用,若炎癥反應(yīng)使IL-6分泌增加,STAT3信號(hào)通路活化,前體細(xì)胞向Th17細(xì)胞分化;若IL-6分泌較少及STAT3信號(hào)通路未活化,TGF-β則可使前體細(xì)胞向Treg細(xì)胞分化。所以,STAT3信號(hào)通路的活化是Th17細(xì)胞與Treg細(xì)胞分化的分叉點(diǎn)[20-21]。
近年來(lái),STAT3信號(hào)通路及Th17細(xì)胞與自身免疫性疾病的關(guān)系也受到了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。Nishihara等[22]通過(guò)CIA小鼠模型證實(shí),IL-6通過(guò)活化STAT3信號(hào)通路,促進(jìn)Th17細(xì)胞分化,抑制Treg細(xì)胞分化。有學(xué)者[23]將JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路抑制劑AG490應(yīng)用于CIA小鼠,結(jié)果提示,小鼠外周血Th17細(xì)胞及血漿IL-17明顯下降,Treg細(xì)胞數(shù)量則增多,小鼠關(guān)節(jié)的炎癥反應(yīng)較對(duì)照組明顯減輕。STAT3基因敲除的小鼠出現(xiàn)Th17細(xì)胞分化障礙,對(duì)多種自身免疫性疾病的抵抗力增加,如自身免疫性葡萄膜視網(wǎng)膜炎(experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis,EAU)及EAE。STAT3缺失造成活化α4/β1整合素的急劇減少,從而使致病的Th17細(xì)胞及Th1細(xì)胞不能進(jìn)入視網(wǎng)膜及腦組織[24]。目前,應(yīng)用STAT3信號(hào)通路抑制劑治療EAU已獲成功,為這類疾病的治療提供了新的方向[25]。
STAT3信號(hào)通路活化異常在多種人類自身免疫性疾病中得到證實(shí)。Krause等[26]發(fā)現(xiàn),風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者滑膜纖維原細(xì)胞的存活依賴于STAT3信號(hào)通路的活化,抑制Stat3基因表達(dá)可使滑膜纖維原細(xì)胞異常凋亡。Harada等[27]從系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者的外周血中分離出T細(xì)胞,發(fā)現(xiàn)其總STAT3及磷酸化STAT3蛋白均明顯升高;沉默Stat3基因則可降低趨化因子相關(guān)的T細(xì)胞遷移,提示抑制STAT3信號(hào)通路活化可以改善SLE嚴(yán)重程度。此外,在炎癥性腸病的患者外周血中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了STAT3蛋白及Th17細(xì)胞的持續(xù)活化[28]。
自身免疫相關(guān)性血液病是一組以自身免疫紊亂為病因的血液系統(tǒng)疾病。其特點(diǎn)是自身免疫異常造成血細(xì)胞破壞及骨髓造血抑制。自身免疫相關(guān)性血液病包括免疫性血小板減少癥(immune thrombocytopenia, ITP)、再生障礙性貧血(aplastic anemia,AA)、自身免疫性溶血性貧血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA)等。Th17細(xì)胞及STAT3信號(hào)通路異常與此類疾病的發(fā)病密切相關(guān)。
4.1 Th17細(xì)胞及STAT3信號(hào)通路異常與ITP ITP是一種常見的出血性自身免疫性疾病,其發(fā)病機(jī)制主要是血小板自身抗體介導(dǎo)的血小板破壞過(guò)多。目前亦認(rèn)為,T細(xì)胞對(duì)血小板自身抗原免疫失耐受可能是ITP發(fā)生的重要原因之一。多項(xiàng)研究表明,ITP患者IL-17水平以及Th17細(xì)胞比例均較健康對(duì)照組明顯升高[29-30];而其Treg細(xì)胞分化則較少且功能缺陷[31-32],說(shuō)明Th17細(xì)胞與Treg細(xì)胞的比例異常打破了體內(nèi)的免疫平衡,從而造成機(jī)體的免疫損傷。有研究[33]證明,以大劑量地塞米松治療慢性ITP患者4 d后,F(xiàn)oxp3表達(dá)明顯上調(diào),而RORγt和GATA3表達(dá)下降,Th17細(xì)胞與Treg細(xì)胞的比例恢復(fù)正常,說(shuō)明改變Th17細(xì)胞與Treg的失平衡狀態(tài)可能是地塞米松治療ITP的作用機(jī)制之一。ITP患者也存在STAT3信號(hào)通路異常。Hu等[34]研究了34例ITP患者,發(fā)現(xiàn)其Th22及Th17細(xì)胞比例升高,同時(shí)患者STAT3 mRNA較正常對(duì)照組明顯增加,認(rèn)為Th22可能通過(guò)分泌IL-22而活化STAT3信號(hào)通路,從而促進(jìn)CD4+T細(xì)胞向Th17細(xì)胞分化。
4.2 Th17細(xì)胞及STAT3信號(hào)通路異常與AA AA目前被廣泛認(rèn)為是一種免疫相關(guān)性疾病,異常活化的免疫細(xì)胞識(shí)別并破壞骨髓中的造血細(xì)胞,從而造成骨髓造血能力衰竭及全血細(xì)胞減少[35]。目前,治療AA最有效的方法是以抗胸腺細(xì)胞球蛋白或抗淋巴細(xì)胞球蛋白聯(lián)合環(huán)孢霉素進(jìn)行免疫抑制治療。研究[36]表明,AA患者外周血Th17細(xì)胞及IL-17均高于健康對(duì)照者,且升高程度與疾病活動(dòng)程度相關(guān)。該研究以抗IL-17抗體治療骨髓衰竭小鼠模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)其骨髓衰竭程度下降,外周血的血小板數(shù)量及骨髓總細(xì)胞數(shù)均升高。Kordasti等[37]分析了AA患者CD4+T細(xì)胞各亞群之間的比例,發(fā)現(xiàn)在重型AA患者中Th17細(xì)胞升高,非重型AA患者與健康對(duì)照組無(wú)明顯升高;而且,重型AA患者的Treg細(xì)胞明顯下降且伴有功能的異常。以上均說(shuō)明了Th17細(xì)胞以及Th17細(xì)胞/Treg失平衡在AA發(fā)病中的作用。此外,近期有研究[38]報(bào)道,部分AA患者中存在Stat3基因突變,這類患者對(duì)免疫抑制治療有著更好的反應(yīng)性,認(rèn)為Stat3的突變可能是造成其自身免疫異常的原因之一。
4.3 Th17細(xì)胞與AIHA AIHA是由于免疫功能紊亂,機(jī)體產(chǎn)生自身抗體并吸附于紅細(xì)胞膜表面,從而造成紅細(xì)胞破壞的血液系統(tǒng)疾病。目前,Th17細(xì)胞與AIHA的關(guān)系受到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注[6,39]。有研究[39-40]表明,AIHA患者外周血Th17細(xì)胞的比例及IL-17的水平均高于正常對(duì)照,且與疾病的嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān)。在AIHA模型小鼠中,提高Th17細(xì)胞比例可以增強(qiáng)抗紅細(xì)胞抗體反應(yīng);而IL-17(-/-)小鼠抗紅細(xì)胞抗體反應(yīng)及AIHA的發(fā)病率均下降,抑制IL-17可以阻止AIHA的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。但也有學(xué)者[41]以IL-2KO小鼠作為AIHA模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)去除IL-17并未影響早期AIHA的急性發(fā)展,認(rèn)為Th17細(xì)胞可能并未參與AIHA早期自身抗體反應(yīng),而是介導(dǎo)了慢性組織炎癥反應(yīng)的過(guò)程。目前,STAT3信號(hào)通路與AIHA相關(guān)性的研究甚少。
綜上所述,STAT3蛋白在調(diào)節(jié)Th17細(xì)胞分化中起著十分重要的作用,其異?;罨c多種自身免疫性相關(guān)性血液疾病相關(guān)。隨著研究的深入,STAT3信號(hào)通路與自身免疫相關(guān)性血液疾病的關(guān)系將被進(jìn)一步闡明,其有望成為此類疾病治療的新靶點(diǎn)。
[ 1 ] Schindler C, Levy DE, Decker T. JAK-STAT signaling: from interferons to cytokines[J]. J Biol Chem,2007, 282(28):20059-20063.
[ 2 ] Levy DE, Darnell JE Jr. Stats: transcriptional control and biological impact[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2002, 3(9):651-662.
[ 3 ] Takeda K, Kaisho T, Yoshida N, et al. Stat3 activation is responsible for IL-6-dependent T cell proliferation through preventing apoptosis: generation and characterization of T cell-specific Stat3-deficient mice[J]. J Immunol,1998, 161(9):4652-4660.
[ 4 ] Ernst M, Jenkins BJ. Acquiring signalling specificity from the cytokine receptor gp130[J]. Trends Genet,2004, 20(1):23-32.
[ 5 ] Trinchieri G, Pflanz S, Kastelein RA. The IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines: new players in the regulation of T cell responses[J]. Immunity,2003, 19(5):641-644.
[ 6 ] Zundler S, Neurath MF. Interleukin-12: Functional activities and implications for disease[J]. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev,2015, 26(5):559-568.
[ 7 ] Holland SM, DeLeo FR, Elloumi HZ, et al. STAT3 mutations in the hyper-IgE syndrome[J]. N Engl J Med, 2007, 357(16):1608-1619.
[ 8 ] Milner JD, Brenchley JM, Laurence A, et al. Impaired T(H)17 cell differentiation in subjects with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome[J]. Nature, 2008, 452(7188):773-776.
[ 9 ] Mathur AN, Chang HC, Zisoulis DG, et al. Stat3 and Stat4 direct development of IL-17-secreting Th cells[J]. J Immunol, 2007, 178(8):4901-4907.
[10] Medzhitov R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response[J]. Nature,2007, 449(7164):819-826.
[11] Egwuagu CE. STAT3 in CD4+T helper cell differentiation and inflammatory diseases[J]. Cytokine,2009, 47(3):149-156.
[12] Zhu J, Paul WE. CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults[J]. Blood,2008, 112(5):1557-1569.
[13] Chen Z, Laurence A, Kanno Y, et al. Selective regulatory function of Socs3 in the formation of IL-17-secreting T cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2006, 103(21):8137-8142.
[14] Ghoreschi K, Laurence A, Yang XP, et al. Generation of pathogenic T(H)17 cells in the absence of TGF-β signalling[J]. Nature,2010, 467(7318):967-971.
[15] Wan CK, Andraski AB, Spolski R,et al. Opposing roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in IL-21 function in CD4+T cells[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015, 112(30):9394-9399.
[16] Ivanov II, McKenzie BS, Zhou L, et al. The orphan nuclear receptor RORgammat directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+T helper cells[J]. Cell,2006, 126(6):1121-1133.
[17] Biswas PS, Gupta S, Chang E, et al. Phosphorylation of IRF4 by ROCK2 regulates IL-17 and IL-21 production and the development of autoimmunity in mice[J]. J Clin Invest,2010, 120(9):3280-3295.
[18] Brüstle A, Heink S, Huber M, et al. The development of inflammatory T(H)-17 cells requires interferon-regulatory factor 4[J]. Nat Immunol,2007, 8(9):958-966.
[19] Wong PK, Egan PJ, Croker BA, et al.SOCS-3 negatively regulates innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in acute IL-1-dependent inflammatory arthritis[J]. J Clin Invest,2006, 116(6):1571-1581.
[20] Dong C. Th17 cells in development: an updated view of their molecular identity and genetic programming[J]. Nat Rev Immunol,2008, 8(5):337-348.
[21] Korn T, Bettelli E, Oukka M, et al. IL-17 and Th17 Cells[J]. Annu Rev Immunol, 2009, 27:485-517.
[22] Nishihara M, Ogura H, Ueda N,et al. IL-6-gp130-STAT3 in T cells directs the development of IL-17+Th with a minimum effect on that of Tregin the steady state[J]. Int Immunol, 2007, 19(6):695-702.
[23] Park JS, Lee J, Lim MA, et al. JAK2-STAT3 blockade by AG490 suppresses autoimmune arthritis in mice via reciprocal regulation of regulatory T Cells and Th17 cells[J]. J Immunol,2014, 192(9):4417-4424.
[24] Liu X, Lee YS, Yu CR, et al. Loss of STAT3 in CD4+T cells prevents development of experimental autoimmune diseases[J]. J Immunol,2008, 180(9):6070-6076.
[25] Yu CR, Lee YS, Mahdi RM, et al. Therapeutic targeting of STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) pathway inhibits experimental autoimmune uveitis[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(1):e29742.
[26] Krause A, Scaletta N, Ji JD, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis synoviocyte survival is dependent on Stat3[J]. J Immunol,2002, 169(11):6610-6616.
[27] Harada T, Kyttaris V, Li Y, et al. Increased expression of STAT3 in SLE T cells contributes to enhanced chemokine-mediated cell migration[J]. Autoimmunity,2007, 40(1):1-8.
[28] Lovato P, Brender C, Agnholt J, et al. Constitutive STAT3 activation in intestinal T cells from patients with Crohn's disease[J]. J Biol Chem, 2003, 278(19):16777-16781.
[29] Rocha AM, Souza C, Rocha GA, et al. The levels of IL-17A and of the cytokines involved in Th17 cell commitment are increased in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia[J]. Haematologica,2011, 96(10):1560-1564.
[30] Zhu X, Ma D, Zhang J, et al. Elevated interleukin-21 correlated to Th17 and Th1 cells in patients with immune thrombocytopenia[J]. J Clin Immunol,2010, 30(2):253-259.
[31] Yu J, Heck S, Patel V, et al. Defective circulating CD25 regulatory T cells in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura[J]. Blood,2008, 112(4):1325-1328.
[32] Sakakura M, Wada H, Tawara I, et al. Reduced CD4+Cd25+T cells in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura[J]. Thromb Res, 2007,120(2):187-193.
[33] Li J, Wang Z, Hu S, et al. Correction of abnormal T cell subsets by high-dose dexamethasone in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura[J]. Immunol Lett,2013, 154(1-2):42-48.
[34] Hu Y, Li H, Zhang L, et al. Elevated profiles of Th22 cells and correlations with Th17 cells in patients with immune thrombocytopenia[J]. Hum Immunol,2012, 73(6):629-635.
[35] Scheinberg P, Chen J. Aplastic anemia: what have we learned from animal models and from the clinic[J].Semin Hematol,2013, 50(2):156-164.
[36] de Latour RP, Visconte V, Takaku T, et al. Th17 immune responses contribute to the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia[J]. Blood,2010, 116(20):4175-4184.
[37] Kordasti S, Marsh J, Al-Khan S, et al. Functional characterization of CD4+T cells in aplastic anemia[J]. Blood,2012, 119(9):2033-2043.
[38] Jerez A, Clemente MJ, Makishima H, et al. STAT3 mutations indicate the presence of subclinical T-cell clones in a subset of aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients[J]. Blood,2013,122(14):2453-2459.
[39] Xu L, Zhang T, Liu Z, et al. Critical role of Th17 cells in development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia[J]. Exp Hematol,2012, 40(12):994-1004.
[40] Hall AM, Zamzami OM, Whibley N, et al. Production of the effector cytokine interleukin-17, rather than interferon-γ, is more strongly associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia[J]. Haematologica, 2012,97(10):1494-1500.
[41] Hoyer KK, Kuswanto WF, Gallo E, et al. Distinct roles of helper T-cell subsets in a systemic autoimmune disease[J]. Blood, 2009,113(2): 389-395.
[本文編輯] 姬靜芳
STAT3 in regulating Th17 differentiation and its relationship with autoimmune hematological diseases
KE Yang, CHENG Yun-feng*
Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) are mainly involved in cellular signal transduction. Among them, STAT3 is particularly important in promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells. Aberrant activation of STAT3 signaling pathway has been confirmed to be related to a number of autoimmune hematological diseases, such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), aplastic anemia (AA), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). This paper has reviewed the relationship between STAT3, Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune hematological diseases.
STAT3; Th17; autoimmune hematological diseases
2016-02-25 [接受日期] 2016-07-25
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81170473, 81470282). Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81170473, 81470282).
柯 楊,碩士生,主治醫(yī)師. E-mail:keyangkeyang@sina.com.cn
*通信作者(Corresponding author). Tel: 021-64041990-2975, E-mail: yfcheng@fudan.edu.cn
10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2016.20160175
綜 述
R 558
A