◆劉克玲
(山東省濟(jì)南市歷城區(qū)第一中學(xué))
讓你的句子“亮起來”
◆劉克玲
(山東省濟(jì)南市歷城區(qū)第一中學(xué))
考綱要求考生書面表達(dá)應(yīng)能:“清楚、連貫地傳遞信息,表達(dá)意思;有效運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)?!遍喚砝蠋煷蚍肿裱脑瓌t是語(yǔ)言第一位(語(yǔ)言高級(jí)),內(nèi)容第二位(要點(diǎn)齊全),結(jié)構(gòu)第三位(文章分段),即閱卷老師最看重的是語(yǔ)言,也就是“亮點(diǎn)”。處于四、五檔的考生,要盡力使用比較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和較高級(jí)詞匯,增加“亮點(diǎn)”,展示較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力;有效地使用語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊等方能獲取高分。
高級(jí)詞匯 句式豐富 過渡性詞語(yǔ)
很多同學(xué)在寫作時(shí),總認(rèn)為高級(jí)詞匯很神秘,高不可及。其實(shí),未必如此!通過研讀一些優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生習(xí)作和歷年高考書面表達(dá)的范文,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),很多所謂的高級(jí)詞匯正是高中階段我們反復(fù)記憶和使用的重要單詞、詞組和習(xí)語(yǔ)?!傲咙c(diǎn)詞匯”,并不等于使用一些偏詞、怪詞,而是要使用一些生動(dòng)、具體、形象的詞語(yǔ),并且要運(yùn)用得準(zhǔn)確得體。如:
1. This is a hard job.→This is a challenging job.
2. After supper, the man went to his bedroom.(一般)
After arichmeal, the fatman slowly made his wayto his bedroom.(高級(jí)表達(dá)——生動(dòng)形象)
選詞原則:高中詞匯優(yōu)先;短語(yǔ),習(xí)語(yǔ)優(yōu)先;具體詞匯優(yōu)先。
(一)It句型
It句型有很多,作文中常用的有:
It is+adj./ n. (+for / of sb./sth.)+ to do sth/ doing sth./ that clause.(It做形式主語(yǔ))。
2. find/ think/ consider/ make/ feel…+ it + adj./ n.+ to do sth./ doing sth / that從句。(It做形式賓語(yǔ))
3.like/ love/ enjoy/ prefer/ appreciate/ hate…+ it + if/when從句。
4. It is (high) time that sb.did / should do sth.該句型表示“某人早該做某事了”(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)。
(二)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比使用復(fù)合句會(huì)使句子顯得更簡(jiǎn)潔,更緊湊,更高級(jí),更有文采。必能吸引閱卷老師的眼球。
1. With more and more cars coming into ordinary families, our environment will be polluted seriously.(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
2. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. (獨(dú)立主格——高級(jí))
(三)被動(dòng)句
根據(jù)文章的需要適當(dāng)使用被動(dòng)句能夠使語(yǔ)言更豐富,表現(xiàn)力更強(qiáng),必能使看膩了主動(dòng)句的閱卷老師眼前一亮。例如:
We are now living in an information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used.
(四)并列句
兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句分別表達(dá)會(huì)令句子讀起來缺乏連貫性和邏輯性,而加上并列連詞改造成并列句后邏輯嚴(yán)密得多,句式也高級(jí)得多。常用并列連詞或短語(yǔ)有:and, but,or, so,for,while, when, either…or,neither…nor, not only… but also等。
(五)復(fù)合句
使用定語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句,使句子和句子之間自然地、巧妙地連接起來,避免文章平淡無味,從而使語(yǔ)言流暢,內(nèi)容飽滿,邏輯嚴(yán)密。
(六)特殊句式
倒裝句、感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句等特殊句式和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用,能夠增強(qiáng)文章的節(jié)奏感和韻律美。
1. Only by working hard can we make contributions to our society in the future.
2. As is shown in the picture, between two closely-located buildings grows a big tree.
(七)運(yùn)用諺語(yǔ),名言,警句能起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的表達(dá)效果
1. As a saying goes, every coin has two sides.
2. Just as the proverb puts it,“Actions speak louder than words”, so please take action right away to save resources.
1.在一個(gè)句子內(nèi)部插入過渡性詞語(yǔ)或句子。
2.在兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間加上過渡性詞語(yǔ),使其邏輯更嚴(yán)密,過渡更自然。
3.在表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的陳述句前加過渡性插入語(yǔ):in my opinion, from my point of view, personally speaking,as far as I'm concerned, as we all know等往往使句式更豐滿,邏輯更嚴(yán)密,說理更充分,從而增強(qiáng)了文章的表達(dá)效果。
4.在句首常用一些副詞使句子更連貫,更高級(jí)。
常用過渡性詞語(yǔ):
(1)表示時(shí)間關(guān)系:first/ first of all/ firstly, second / secondly, finally/ at last/ in the end, then, afterwards, later,meanwhile/ at the same time, so far, immediately, recently;
(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)稱關(guān)系:but, while, however/ nevertheless, instead, otherwise, on the contrary, though,on one hand, on the other hand;for one thing, for another;
(3)表示因果關(guān)系:because (of), thanks to, for, as a result/ consequence , consequently, therefore, thus;
(4)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s worse, worse still;
(5)表示陳述事實(shí):in fact, in reality, as a matter of fact, actually, to tell the truth;
(6)表示總結(jié)性: in general, in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, in conclusion, to conclude,to sum up.
不能把簡(jiǎn)單問題復(fù)雜化,不能刻意追求復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象而過多使用較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和句式,從而使語(yǔ)言生澀難懂,甚至錯(cuò)誤百出,所以要記住“流暢為好,高級(jí)為妙”。