楊麗
對(duì)很多同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō),單詞就像是一座高高的山或是一條寬寬的河,他們更愿意在山腳下或是岸這邊歇息,而不愿意跋山涉水??梢獙W(xué)英語(yǔ)就得記單詞,就得跋山涉水。那要怎么翻越單詞山、跨過(guò)單詞河呢?其實(shí)記單詞是有很多方法可循的。除了老師們常提的詞根詞綴法、聯(lián)想法等外,我們還可以通過(guò)閱讀英文小說(shuō)來(lái)幫助加深對(duì)單詞的記憶。常言道:“愛笑的人,運(yùn)氣都不會(huì)太差?!倍陀⒄Z(yǔ)單詞學(xué)習(xí)而言,我想說(shuō):“愛讀英文小說(shuō)的人,英語(yǔ)詞匯量都不會(huì)太低?!币?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谄綍r(shí)的閱讀過(guò)程中不僅強(qiáng)化了背過(guò)的單詞,而且還積累、吸收了許多新的單詞。下面舉例說(shuō)明。
The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms.
Q: The word "intricate" is closet in meaning to which of the following?
A. difficult B. widespread
C. critical D. complex
這是一道托福閱讀題。Intricate一詞在英國(guó)作家George Orwell的小說(shuō)《1984》中就出現(xiàn)過(guò):Winston's greatest pleasure in life was in his work. Most of it was a tedious routine, but included in it there were also jobs so difficult and intricate that you could lose yourself in them as in the depths of a mathematical problem—delicate pieces of forgery in which you had nothing to guide you except your knowledge of the principles of Ingsoc (英國(guó)式社會(huì)主義) and your estimate of what the Party wanted you to say. 如果大家閱讀過(guò)小說(shuō),就知道intricate意為“復(fù)雜的”,也就可以輕而易舉地選出同樣具有“復(fù)雜的”之意的complex。值得一提的是,除了intricate,這段話中還有很多托??荚囍谐?huì)碰到的詞,比如tedious (乏味的)、routine (慣例)、delicate (微妙的;精致的;脆弱的)等。
我上學(xué)那會(huì)兒背了不少SAT單詞,但因?yàn)楹芏鄦卧~在平時(shí)的寫作和口語(yǔ)中很少用到,所以印象并不深。等到后來(lái)我讀Charles Dickens的小說(shuō)《遠(yuǎn)大前程》(Great Expectations)時(shí),沒想到卻把許多之前背過(guò)的單詞又自動(dòng)復(fù)習(xí)了一遍。小說(shuō)一開頭寫道:“I (指故事主人公Pip) give Pirrip as my father's family name, on the authority of his tombstone and my sister—Mrs. Joe Gargery, who married the blacksmith (指Pip的姐夫Joe).”看到blacksmith,感覺它就像是最熟悉的陌生人,背過(guò)卻想不起來(lái)它的含義,當(dāng)看到下文說(shuō)他工作的地方是一個(gè)forge (鍛鐵的地方)時(shí),我馬上就知道了blacksmith指的是“鐵匠”。再比如,讀到“When I was old enough, I was to be apprenticed to Joe.”時(shí),我又將apprentice (使當(dāng)學(xué)徒)鞏固了一遍。書中還提到Pip受邀到村里的怪女人Miss. Havisham家時(shí),Joe擔(dān)心“Pip was not received with cordiality.”,讀到這里,我把cordiality (熱誠(chéng))又復(fù)習(xí)了一遍。這本書除了讓我鞏固了之前記過(guò)的單詞外,還讓我學(xué)到了SAT考試中會(huì)遇到的很多單詞。比如:
Kate's impulsive nature and sudden whims led her friends to label her ____.
A. capricious B. bombastic
C. loquacious D. dispassionate
E. decorous
這道題是《SAT官方指南》中的一道填空題,題干意思是“Kate的沖動(dòng)本性和突發(fā)奇想使她的朋友給她打上了____標(biāo)簽”,五個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是不太常見的詞語(yǔ),如果不知道意思,根本無(wú)法下手??扇绻阕x過(guò)《遠(yuǎn)大前程》,記得里面的“I had known that my sister, in her capricious and violent coercion (威壓), was unjust to me.”,你就可以輕松選出答案A。題目和小說(shuō)中的capricious都是“任性的”意思。
限于篇幅,在此不再舉例。各位不妨找一本你喜歡且適合你的英文小說(shuō)讀起來(lái),相信過(guò)不了多久,你就會(huì)成為一個(gè)小詞霸。