邱偉偉（中國石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探開發(fā)研究院地面工程研究所）

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太陽能制熱技術(shù)在石油工程中的應(yīng)用

邱偉偉（中國石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探開發(fā)研究院地面工程研究所）

摘要：太陽能是一種重要的清潔、環(huán)保、可再生能源，將太陽能應(yīng)用于油田勘探、開發(fā)、儲(chǔ)運(yùn)等階段有助于節(jié)能減排、降低能源消耗。太陽能發(fā)電與低溫制熱技術(shù)在油田輔助設(shè)施中已有廣泛應(yīng)用，主要用于解決生活取暖、照明和部分設(shè)備低壓供電等需求。除此之外，對(duì)于石油開采、原油儲(chǔ)運(yùn)等大型工程，太陽能也可以發(fā)揮重要作用。槽式太陽能蒸汽發(fā)生器可以部分取代以煤、燃油為燃料的傳統(tǒng)蒸汽生產(chǎn)方式，用于稠油開采。太陽能作為單一熱源或輔助熱源的加熱系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在原油管輸工程中進(jìn)行了推廣應(yīng)用。利用太陽能解決石油工程生產(chǎn)問題需要考慮太陽輻射量變化對(duì)制熱效果的影響，通過太陽能與其他能源聯(lián)合制熱等方法解決這一問題，能夠促進(jìn)太陽能在石油工程中的應(yīng)用。

關(guān)鍵詞：太陽能；石油工程；稠油熱采；原油儲(chǔ)運(yùn)

太陽能是一種重要的可再生能源，也是一種清潔、環(huán)保能源，已成為世界范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)對(duì)能源短缺、環(huán)境污染、氣候變化等問題的重要選擇之一。太陽能的大規(guī)模利用能夠有效降低污染物排放，減少對(duì)化石能源的依賴，具有良好的發(fā)展前景。目前，國內(nèi)外對(duì)太陽能的應(yīng)用主要集中在光伏發(fā)電和制熱2個(gè)方面。油氣資源的勘探、開發(fā)、儲(chǔ)存及運(yùn)輸過程中需要消耗大量的電能和熱能，將太陽能應(yīng)用于石油工程各生產(chǎn)階段有助于節(jié)能減排，加快生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。

早在2001年，太陽能電站就在勝利油田海上平臺(tái)成功調(diào)試投產(chǎn)，為航標(biāo)燈、霧笛以及部分生活設(shè)施供電[1]。在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的地質(zhì)勘探工作中，利用太陽能供電設(shè)備可以滿足現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)的低壓供電需求，Amoco公司也曾使用太陽能電池通過陰極保護(hù)的方法進(jìn)行套管防腐工作[2]。冀東油田在海上油氣人工島集中開發(fā)技術(shù)中，充分利用太陽能解決了照明、生活用電和低溫供熱等問題[3]。而太陽能在油田的主要工業(yè)應(yīng)用，則集中在稠油熱采和原油存儲(chǔ)與輸送過程中的加熱2個(gè)方面。

1　太陽能在稠油熱采中的應(yīng)用

注蒸汽開采稠油的作業(yè)周期一般在數(shù)年之久，需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間給儲(chǔ)層提供熱能以提高采收率。傳統(tǒng)蒸汽吞吐或蒸汽驅(qū)方法中，蒸汽一般通過以油或煤為燃料的鍋爐進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，在稠油開采作業(yè)周期內(nèi)將會(huì)消耗大量化石能源，并釋放CO2等溫室氣體，不利于節(jié)能環(huán)保。太陽能蒸汽發(fā)生器的出現(xiàn)有效解決了稠油熱采中能耗過大和環(huán)保性差的問題。

常用的槽式太陽能蒸汽發(fā)生器示意圖如圖1所示。水在真空管鏡場(chǎng)集熱列陣中吸收匯聚的太陽能，由鏡場(chǎng)入口依次經(jīng)過預(yù)熱段、蒸發(fā)段，最終在鏡場(chǎng)出口被加熱成為飽和蒸汽。經(jīng)過蒸汽、水分離裝置將二者分離，分離得到的水通過循環(huán)泵重新加入循環(huán)，產(chǎn)生的蒸汽則可以投入工業(yè)應(yīng)用。可以根據(jù)所需蒸汽溫度、流量的不同來確定鏡場(chǎng)集熱列陣的規(guī)模。以一種7列、總集熱器長(zhǎng)度980 m（其中預(yù)熱段長(zhǎng)度294 m，蒸發(fā)段長(zhǎng)度490 m，過熱段長(zhǎng)度196 m）的槽式太陽能集熱器列陣為例，蒸汽溫度可達(dá)到290℃，過熱段溫度可以達(dá)到411℃[4]。

圖1　太陽能蒸汽發(fā)生器示意圖

槽式太陽能蒸汽發(fā)生器所生產(chǎn)的蒸汽能夠滿足稠油熱采的要求，但實(shí)施該技術(shù)的油田應(yīng)盡量滿足以下條件：日光照射充足且氣候適宜，具有較高的太陽輻射和較低的風(fēng)速，空氣中塵土含量低，無沙塵、揚(yáng)塵等惡劣天氣；同時(shí)，井場(chǎng)必須有足夠大的平整空地用于安裝太陽能集熱器列陣。

2011年，GlassPoint Solar公司在加利福尼亞安裝了第1臺(tái)太陽能提高采收率裝置。同年，BrightSource Energy公司與雪佛龍公司在加利福尼亞Coalinga油田合作建成了功率為29 MW的太陽能蒸汽生產(chǎn)設(shè)備[5]。

阿曼國境內(nèi)大部分地區(qū)全年太陽輻射量超過2000 kWh，且由于地處低緯度地區(qū)，陽光照射隨季節(jié)的周期性變化低，適合使用太陽能蒸汽生產(chǎn)裝置用于稠油開采。2013年，在阿曼Amal West油田實(shí)施了太陽能熱采工程，通過太陽能每天生產(chǎn)50 t蒸汽注入蒸汽管網(wǎng)。經(jīng)過1年多運(yùn)行表明，在中東地區(qū)沙漠環(huán)境下使用太陽能蒸汽生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)用于提高采收率是可行的，系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行時(shí)間為98.6%，且在沙暴環(huán)境中仍可以正常運(yùn)行。我國稠油資源主要分布在新疆、遼河、勝利等地區(qū)，這些地區(qū)太陽能資源較為豐富，同樣具備太陽能集熱稠油開采的良好條件。

2　太陽能在原油儲(chǔ)運(yùn)中的應(yīng)用

目前，國內(nèi)外輸送稠油一般采用加熱、添加輕質(zhì)油、添加減阻劑等方式，降低油品黏度，減少摩阻損失，節(jié)省輸油的動(dòng)力消耗。稠油加熱管輸是稠油運(yùn)輸?shù)囊环N重要方式，分為熱處理輸送和預(yù)加熱輸送2種方法。在加熱方式上，主要有蒸汽熱水加熱法和電加熱法。

傳統(tǒng)使用天然氣或電能給原油加熱方法的設(shè)備運(yùn)行負(fù)荷高，能源消耗大；因此，上世紀(jì)90年代以來，使用太陽能作為單一熱源或輔助熱源給原油加熱的技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展，并開始投入實(shí)際應(yīng)用。利用太陽能加熱輸送原油有直接加熱和間接加熱2種方式。直接加熱方式是原油進(jìn)入太陽能集熱器里被直接加熱，受熱效率較高，但由于原油黏度大，集熱板清洗非常困難；并且直接加熱過程中溫度高低變化較大，不容易控制，嚴(yán)重情況下可能會(huì)發(fā)生原油結(jié)焦現(xiàn)象。間接加熱方式是太陽能集熱器將熱量提供給熱媒，再通過熱交換器將熱量間接傳遞給原油，能夠充分利用現(xiàn)有成熟的太陽能集熱及熱交換技術(shù)，增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的安全性和運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性。常用的太陽能原油加熱工藝流程如圖2所示[6]。

圖2　太陽能加熱原油工藝流程

在正常太陽輻射條件下，循環(huán)泵開啟，熱水箱的熱水進(jìn)入換熱器中，與原油換熱后進(jìn)入太陽能真空管，通過太陽能加熱后再進(jìn)入熱水箱。熱水在換熱器中將原油加熱，加熱后的原油通過輸油管進(jìn)入輸油管線進(jìn)行輸運(yùn)。進(jìn)入輸油管網(wǎng)前，加熱爐根據(jù)原油溫度的高低進(jìn)行自動(dòng)點(diǎn)火加熱。熱水箱的溫度較高時(shí)，多余熱量可以儲(chǔ)存在蓄熱水箱中，如果原油出口端處的溫度達(dá)不到所需溫度時(shí)，則讓原油直接進(jìn)入自動(dòng)點(diǎn)火的加熱爐進(jìn)行加熱。

原油在輸往下一計(jì)量站之前，溫度需要由25~ 30℃加熱至50~55℃，要求集熱器內(nèi)水的出口溫度達(dá)到70~80℃。因此，太陽能集熱器要求熱效率高，運(yùn)行可靠，有足夠的承壓能力，考慮冬季運(yùn)行需求，還要求具備較好的抗凍能力。常用的太陽能集熱器有平板式集熱器、全玻璃真空管集熱器、熱管式真空管集熱器3種。從熱效率方面來看，平板式集熱器在進(jìn)口水溫與環(huán)境溫度差值較小時(shí)熱效率較高，但隨著溫差增加熱效率降低較快；真空管集熱器熱效率受溫差影響較小，即使溫差高于90℃也可以保持較高的熱效率。從承壓能力、長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性及抗凍能力方面考慮，平板式集熱器承壓能力較強(qiáng)，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，但抗凍能力較差；全玻璃真空管集熱器抗凍能力較好，但承壓能力較差，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性差；熱管式真空管集熱器承壓能力強(qiáng)，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，抗凍能力強(qiáng)。不同類型的集熱器各有特點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況，選用經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效的集熱器。

目前，國內(nèi)外油田中使用太陽能加熱原油應(yīng)用較為廣泛，尤其對(duì)于日照時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，太陽輻射量大的地區(qū)，適合采用太陽能作為單一熱源或輔助熱源進(jìn)行原油加熱。我國江蘇油田、遼河油田均具備優(yōu)良的太陽能利用條件。2006年，江蘇王龍莊油田T83-1井應(yīng)用30組、總集熱面積60 m2的熱管式真空管集熱器太陽能輔助電加熱系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)，表現(xiàn)出較好的適用性。在7—9月日照充足的情況下，電加熱系統(tǒng)可完全停用，其余月份則太陽能系統(tǒng)和電加熱系統(tǒng)交替使用，使用該系統(tǒng)后年節(jié)約電量約4×104kWh。試驗(yàn)成功后，2008年在李堡油田推廣了太陽能集熱系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用，建成太陽能集熱器面積262 m2、內(nèi)置電加熱器的25 m3蓄熱罐1座[7]，改變了油田站庫以燃油、燃?xì)忮仩t為主的傳統(tǒng)供熱模式，大大降低了能源消耗。

遼河油田2005年建立了以太陽能為主的原油加熱儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)，太陽能集熱器面積392 m2，總占地面積792 m2，并改進(jìn)了換熱器中的換熱管結(jié)構(gòu)，總換熱面積達(dá)到55 m2。當(dāng)日照條件較好時(shí)，可以單獨(dú)使用太陽能給循環(huán)流體加熱，多余的熱量存儲(chǔ)到蓄熱器中；日照條件不理想時(shí)，可以直接使用水套爐給流體加熱。該系統(tǒng)投入使用以來，平均每天節(jié)約天然氣消費(fèi)量30%[8]，收到了良好的效果。

3　存在問題

隨著技術(shù)發(fā)展和環(huán)保要求的提高，太陽能在石油工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用越來越多。但太陽能應(yīng)用面臨2個(gè)主要問題：隨1天中時(shí)間變化以及1年中季節(jié)變化太陽輻射量會(huì)發(fā)生周期性變化；多云、陰雨、多霧等天氣條件下太陽輻射量將受到明顯影響。

太陽輻射量的周期變化或臨時(shí)變化均會(huì)對(duì)蒸汽產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)生影響。針對(duì)稠油熱采問題，有研究表明：最終采收率對(duì)注蒸汽速率的每日周期變化和每年周期變化并不敏感，1年中的蒸汽注入速率周期變化只對(duì)季節(jié)性石油采收率有輕微影響，對(duì)最終采收率沒有影響。實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，也可以借鑒太陽能蒸汽輔助發(fā)電的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，綜合使用太陽能集熱系統(tǒng)和燃煤機(jī)組生產(chǎn)蒸汽；當(dāng)太陽輻射量不佳時(shí)，可采用燃煤機(jī)組直接生產(chǎn)蒸汽用于稠油熱采。

對(duì)于原油存儲(chǔ)與管輸，目前大部分使用太陽能聯(lián)合電加熱或太陽能聯(lián)合熱泵加熱的方法：當(dāng)太陽輻照較好時(shí)，電加熱器或熱泵不工作；當(dāng)太陽輻照較差時(shí)，電加熱器或熱泵工作補(bǔ)充熱量，以彌補(bǔ)太陽能單一供熱中啟動(dòng)速度慢、受外界條件影響導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定的缺點(diǎn)。因此，只要采取相應(yīng)的控制措施，由于太陽輻照波動(dòng)帶來的熱能波動(dòng)問題不會(huì)對(duì)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重影響。

4　結(jié)論

1）注蒸汽熱采是稠油開發(fā)的主要方式，使用槽式太陽能蒸汽發(fā)生器可以部分取代以煤、油為燃料的傳統(tǒng)蒸汽生產(chǎn)方法，用于稠油開采。目前該技術(shù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用仍處于起步階段。

2）太陽能作為單一熱源或輔助熱源給原油加熱的技術(shù)適用于原油儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程，目前有多種集熱器可供選擇，管道與線路設(shè)計(jì)方法也較為成熟，該技術(shù)已在多個(gè)油田進(jìn)入推廣應(yīng)用階段。

3）太陽輻射量隨每天時(shí)間變化和每年季節(jié)變化發(fā)生周期變化，或遇惡劣天氣條件發(fā)生臨時(shí)大幅降低，影響制熱效果。因此，太陽能在石油工程中的應(yīng)用應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇日照充足、年均輻射量高的地區(qū)，并通過太陽能與其他方式聯(lián)合制熱的方法避免制熱的不穩(wěn)定性。

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（編輯李發(fā)榮）

開足馬力安全供氣

截至12月16日，大牛地氣田今年累計(jì)產(chǎn)氣33×108m3。入冬以來，天然氣市場(chǎng)需求增加，中石化華北油氣分公司前線指揮部、采氣一廠、華北工程公司等單位開足馬力安全供氣，確保山東、河南等地用氣需求。日前，日產(chǎn)氣量已經(jīng)提升至1060× 104m3，預(yù)計(jì)明年元月日產(chǎn)氣將達(dá)1200×104m3。

胡慶明

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN
PETROLEUM & PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY No. 2, 2016

ABSTRACTS OF SELECTED ARTICLES

Research on energy-saving & consumption-reducing technology for gas engine reciprocating compressor set

Lin Shiwen (PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas field Company Safety Environment & Technology Supervision Research Institute) 2016，6（2）：01-03

Abstract：Gas engine reciprocating compressor set is the main process equipment for the pressurization system in gas exploitation，gathering and transportation．Its energy-consumption is huge and the operation efficiency is low．Based on the practice of gas field exploitation，four major energy-saving technologies for the compressor set have been put forward such as enhancing the cooling effectiveness and cutting down the flow loss to reduce the compressor power loss，adjusting the load of the compressor set and optimizing the operating conditions to enhance the adaptability of the set，improving the ignition advance angle and reducing the thermal loss of the engine to increase the engine efficiency，optimizing the muffler and lubricating system to reduce the auxiliary system loss．These technologies can significantly improve the efficiency of the compressor set and reduce the costs of the gas field development and the effect of energy-saving & emission-reducing can be achieved by using this technology. In order to solve the technical problems on the treatment of wastewater from tertiary-oilrecovery surfactant alkali-washing column，the reactor packed with manganese sand has been used．By using the wastewater from tertiary oil-recovery surfactant alkali washing column as the research medium，studied was the catalytic-oxidation-reaction effect on the wastewater COD (chemical oxygen demand) removed by manganese sand, which from the alkali-washing column, and the effect of the wastewater initial COD mass concentration，aeration quantity，temperature and pH value on manganese sand have been studied too．The results showed: under alkali condition and the catalytic oxidation of manganese sand，the initial COD mass concentration of wastewater is 7000~ 8000 mg/L，the aeration quantity is 500 mL/min, the temperature is 40℃and the reaction time is 10~12 h．When the COD mass concentration is lower than 60 mg/L，the wastewater quality can meet the first class discharging standard of the second class contaminant provided by“Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard”(GB8978- 1996)。Provided was the new way on wastewater treated safely by the catalytic oxidation of manganese sand，which from the tertiary-oil-recovery surfactant alkali-washing column Oil vapor recovery process of adsorption＆absorption is a mature oil vapor recovery technology most widely used in oil depots and handling systems at present．Compared with other oil and gas recovery technologies，this process with advantages such as low energy- consumption，high handing capacity and high absorption efficiency has become the preferred technology by railway loading of gasoline and large storage and transportation enterprises. In order to meet the requirements on environmental protection, safety and health，Sinopec Xi’an Petrochemical Company established a railway oil vapor recovery system with a processing capacity of 750 m3/h （0℃，101.325 kPa）in 2014，which applied the process of adsorption + absorption．The system consists of the closed bellows-type loading crane-form pipeline and oil vapor recovery equipment. Favorable economic and environmental benefits have been achieved since the system was put into service．According to the practical operation of the system and the practical situation of process management，some guiding suggestions on process selection for enterprises have been provided，and meanwhile some improvement suggestions on possible problems have been given in this paper. In order to solve the paraffin-removing & viscosity-reducing of oil well, reduce the frequency of thermal well-flushing and the period of pump inspection，and obtain the purpose of energy-saving & consumption-reducing, the test of intelligent frequency conversion electromagnetic paraffin-removing device for Feng 5-11 and Yuan 1-26 well has been performed．The paraffin can be removed by using the cavitation effect of magnetic field and sound wave. The frequency-sweep magnetic field，sound wave and temperature can be adjusted by power．The period of thermal well-flushing can be extended and the dosing cost can be reduced by using this device with simple structure，easy to install，less electricity-consumption and low energy-consumption．According to statistics，the electricity-saving rate for two wells is up to 60%. 29×104Yuan/a has been saved，the better energy-saving can be obtained. In view of the high energy consumption of the compressor and the difficulty of machine operating in the oil-gas pretreating device，according to the application of high voltage inverter in other industries，the application of high voltage inverter in the oil-gas pretreating device has been presented．Some practical problems have been put forward, such as the reliability of inverter，the process parameters of variable frequency inverter, the energy-saving and the load start-up of inverter，and the selection of rated condition and control variable．A preliminary solution has been obtained．These show that the high voltage frequency inverter can be used completely in oil-gas pretreating device and has advantages over the conventional control. With the continuous development of oilfield, the capacity of some sewage pumps and mixing pumps no longer matches with demands，and energy consumption has increased as well．By technical transformation for permanent magnet control，according to timely input torque of load，the input torque of permanent magnetic control driver was adjusted，the output power of motor can be ultimately changed, and the continuous control for output flow or pressure can be achieved, thus the energy-saving & consumption-reducing can be realized．This technology has been used in wastewater treatment station of Xingbei oilfield，the electricity-saving rate is up to 71.1%．The efficiency of this technology was analyzed，and the experiences were summarized. The light cooling device is accompanied by a large amount of energy consumption in the production process．With the extension of the operation time，equipments and facilities gradually aging，the energy utilization ratio is also gradually reduced. In order to improve the energy utilization and from optimizing process, the energy-saving & consumption-reducing targets can be realized by adding the surface evaporative air cooler and reconstructing the larger pressure drop point of process system．94×104kWh/a can be saved. The commonly used dust-removing device for gas drilling is the single-cylinder short nipple joint which cannot achieve the desired dust-settling and energy-saving effect. For this reason，the energy-saving & emission-reducing equipment for gas drilling is developed．The inside and outside double cylinder short nipple joint has been installed in the sand draining pipe for gas drilling．The principle of the device for dust-removing with high efficiency is：inject water into the outside cylinder of short nipple joint, when the flow of water enter the chamber between the outside and inside cylinder，it will be divided into several weak water flow with a certain velocity by the outlets of the inside cylinder．Using the new equipment，the better dust-removing effect is reached when the water in the cylinder has a sufficient contact with the dust gas．Research analysis showed that the double-cylinder dust-removing equipment has the characteristics of high water flood speed、large contact area with dust and good dust-removing effect，which can satisfy the requirements of energy-saving & emission-reducing and green construction．The application of the equipment in seven wells shows that this equipment has a technical advantage of forced dust-removing and quick disassembling，the dust-removing effect can reach to 95%，water-saving is up to 700 m3，which can solve efficiently the pollution problem of gas drilling to airs、land and environment，and achieve the good effect of energy-saving & emissions-reducing. During the oilfield production, the oil pumping unit is a kind of higher energy-consumption equipment，which is widely used．Generally，the load rate of the motor is lower，so it costs so much energy．If the save-energy motor is used，its effectiveness will be increased. For all that，the application of many kinds of the energy-saving technique is restricted．The electric current and voltage can be timely adjusted by the numerical control of microprocessor and the electricity-saving optimized control software in its system during running of motor．Under keeping the rotary speed of motor，because the load demands can be accurately matched with the output torque，reduced can be the electricity-consumption for light load or half load of motor. Based on the means of automation instrument energy-saving & consumption-reducing to oilfield enterprise，instructed has been the application of automation integration technology in energy-saving & consumption-reducing for oilfield instrument．According to many years of practice obtained by oilfield enterprise，the energy-saving & consumption-reducing measures adopted by oilfield enterprise have been analyzed from design selection of automation instrument，the onsite installation and commissioning，and the operation management. The node analysis method has been used widely during enterprise managing and is a process of refinement management．The process control for the unit consumption of water-injecting has been divided into some nodes for management and every part can be used as a management node．The management work can be carried out by enhancing consciousness, clear responsibilities，node analysis，sub-section control and technology study．The efficiency of water-injecting pump can be increased by replacing the corrosion aging water-injecting pump and pipeline，and starting with two aspects of technology and management．The unit consumption for water-injecting can be reduced by optimizing the water-injecting pipe network，and transforming the dispersal water-injecting process into the centralizing water-injecting process．The method can ensure the smooth running of system. Anti-corrosion of boiler is one of the important measures to ensure the safety, efficient production and economic operation of the boiler．Corrosion of boiler and pipe network can cause leakage，and even explosion．Oxygen corrosion is the main corrosion reason of low pressure steam boiler and pipe network, based on analyzing the principle and influence factors of the low pressure steam boiler and pipe network，the corrosion can be slowed down by using the physicalbook=59,ebook=62methods，chemical agents，corrosion inhibitors and other methods．Kinds of deoxidization methods have their respective advantages and disadvantages．Based on the characteristics of the enterprise and the requirements of water quality，we can choose the deoxidization method to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. The unusual sustained casing pressure(SCP) can directly affect the safety of gas well and field operating persons during high pressure & high temperature(HPHT) oil/gas well producing，and the type of oil tubing-first casing cross flow is most dangerous among them．Based on the production status of 12 oil tubing-first casing cross flow HPHT gas wells，the safety production problems caused by oil tubing-first casing cross flow has been analyzed．Combining with the unusual SCP in oil tubing-first casing cross flow gas well, according to its output, the connectivity between oil tubing and first casing，and the relationship of well head pressure and the annulus maximum permissible working pressure under closing well，the classified management has been conducted，the ideas and concrete measures of the safety production have been presented．It is of great significance to safety and high-efficient developing of oil/gas field. It can also be used as reference to control the risk of HPHT SCP gas well. With the developing of occupation health“Three-simultaneousness”supervision management work for construction project，in order to reduce and prevent the impacts of occupation disease on labor’s health, the perfect protection measures have been taken on occupation health design such as the selection of oilfield station, and general layout of production process and equipment，antitoxin and noise-preventing．According to the real work in past two years，some problems and suggestions which need to improve further have been proposed such as washing facilities in dosing room and the classification of occupation disease in this paper. Workover rig is a downhole operating device in oilfield．Derrick is the main part of undertaking load．Because the derrick is space steel frame，anchors and guy wires are necessary to support the derrick．The anchors for derrick supported by guy wires are Φ76 mm pipeline peg. Based on the stress characteristics of anchors，a new type of anchors and guy wires fixing device has been designed．According to the theoretical analysis and field application，this new type of anchors has been proved that it can save the operation set-up time，reduce the labor intensity and ensure the safety of operation. Based on the incomplete classification test methods and related standards for heating furnace and steam boiler，the test methods have been studied and the related regulations for economical operation have been compiled in this paper．In the meantime，the judgement index and assessment method have been given out to improve the operation efficiency，reduce the energy-consumption and guide the economical operation of heating furnace. According to NDRC (National Development and Reform Commission) assets investment project energy-saving and audit interim procedures (2010 No.6)，the calculation and energy efficiency indicators analysis on the energy-saving performance for 6 main energy-saving processes (down hole chock + injecting methanol from well head, middle-low gas gathering process etc.) and 6 main energy-saving equipments (reciprocating compressor，air compressor platform etc.) used in South Sulige International Cooperation Block have been listed out in the paper．Energy balance table and chart for energy treatment，conversion and usage have been made out too．We’ve also calculated the comprehensive energy consumption index，the comprehensive energy consumption of ten thousand Yuan industrial output and the comprehensive energy consumption of ten thousand Yuan industry adding value，and then presented the comparison to domestic similar gas field and the local“12th Five-Year”energy consumption index．Besides，the related calculation method on natural gas equivalent of standard coal consumption，the electricity value selecting, the water consumption and the industry adding value selecting have been clarified during writing this report. At last，5 comments are proposed and hope to provide some references for the domestic similar projects. Solar energy is clear renewable energy．It is applied in oilfields exploration，production，storage and transportation to reduce cost and carbon emissions．Solar energy for generation and low-temperature heat supply is widely used in auxiliary facility of oilfield, mainly on heating in daily life，lighting and supplying low voltage electricity for equipments．Besides, solar energy plays an important part in large projects such as exploration, storage and transportation．Trough solar vapor generator can be used in heavy oil development instead of vapor generated by fuel．Solar energy as single heater source or auxiliary heater system has been widely used in petroleum transportation．Combined solar energy with other energy to solve the influence of radiation change on heating effect，it can help to increase the application of solar energy in petroleum engineering.

Key words：reciprocating compressor；natural gas engine；compressor efficiency；load rate manganese sand；catalytic oxidation；wastewater from the tertiary-oil-recovery surfactant alkali-washing column；COD mass concentration oil vapor recovery；adsorption；absorption；desorption oil well；paraffin-removing & viscosity-reducing；magnetic field；sound wave；energy-saving & consumption-reducing oil-gas pretreating device；high voltage inverter；adjusting parameter；control variable；energy-saving sewage station；permanent magnet control；unit-consumption；pressure；electricity-saving rate light cooling device；energy utilization ratio；energy-saving reconstruction gas drilling；energy-saving & emission reducing；a new dust-removing nipple joint motor load of oil pumping unit；energy-saving device；intelligent compensating；soft start oilfield enterprise；automation；instrument；energy-saving；consumption-reducing node analysis method；technical management；optimizing water-injecting process；unit consumption for water-injecting；run smoothly steam boiler；pipe network；corrosion；countermeasure oil tubing-first casing cross flow；HPHT gas well；SCP；annulus maximum permissible pressure；classified management；safety production production station in oilfield；occupation health；design；protective measures anchor pile；fixing device；theoretical analysis；operating safety heating furnace；classification test；evaluation method；economical operation energy-saving assessment；energy-saving analysis；comprehensive energy consumption；conversion factor；energy balance chart solar energy；petroleum engineering；thermal recovery of heavy oil；oil transportation

Study on wastewater from the tertiary-oil-recovery surfactant alkali-washing column treated by the catalytic oxidation of manganese sand

Sun Yanbo (Research Institute of Technology Development, Daqing Oilfield Chemical Co., Ltd.)2016，6（2）：04-06

Practice and advantages analysis on adsorption＆absorption oil vapor recovery technology

Zhang Kehao（Xi’an Petrochemical Company, Sinopec Corp.）2016，6（2）：07-09

Application and evaluation on the intelligent frequency conversion electromagnetic paraffin-removing device

Hui Nannan ( PetroChina Zhejiang Oilfield Company）2016，6（2）：10-11

Feasibility analysis on application of high voltage inverter in oil-gas pretreating device

Sun Shengyong (Natural Gas Branch Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company)2016，6（2）：12-14

Effect analysis on application of permanent magnetic control technology in Xingbei oilfield

Zhang Tao (Daqing Oilfield Engineering Co., Ltd.)2016，6（2）：16-17

Application of energy-saving measures in the light cooling device

Li Mingzhi (Natural Gas Sub-Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company）2016，6（2）：18-20

Development and application of energy-saving & emission-reducing equipment for gas drilling

Tian Yudong (Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Drilling Engineering Company, CNPC)2016，6 （2）：21-23

Application of load automatic following energy-saving device in motor for oil pumping unit

Huang Jiongzhou (No.3 Oil Production Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company)2016，6（2）：24-25

Analysis on energy-saving technology for surface engineering instrument of oilfield

Xu Huawen (Daqing Oilfield Automation Instrument Co., Ltd.)2016，6（2）：26-27

The unit consumption for water-injecting reduced by enhancing the technology management

Yu Lingling (No.8 Oil Production Plant, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company)2016，6（2）：28-29

Low pressure steam boiler and pipe network oxygen corrosion and countermeasures

Zeng Zonggang（Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Branch）2016，6（2）：30-32

Measures on safety production for gas well with the oil tubing-first casing cross flow in Keshen gas field

Song Xiaojun (TARIM Oilfield Company, CNPC)2016，6（2）：33-36

Occupational health design for production station in oilfield

Zhu Jiang (Natural Gas Sub-Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company)2016，6（2）：37-38

Safety improvement of anchoring technology based on theoretical analysis

Liu Ye (Drilling Technology Service Company No.1, Daqing Drill & Exploration Engineering Corporation)2016，6（2）：39-41

Research on classification test and economical operation of heating furnace

Wang Dong (Quality Management and Energy Conservation Department of Liaohe Oilfield Company, PetroChina)2016，6（2）：42-45

Energy-saving design and assessment analysis of South Sulige International Cooperation Block

Xue Gang（Xi’an Changqing Technology Engineering Co., Ltd）2016，6（2）：46-51

Study on application of solar energy technology in oilfield

Qiu Weiwei (Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC)2016，6（2）：52-54

收稿日期2015-10-14

作者簡(jiǎn)介：邱偉偉，工程師，2011年畢業(yè)于中國石油大學(xué)（北京）（油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)與工程專業(yè)），博士，主要從事油氣多相管流及油氣田地面集輸技術(shù)研究工作，E-mail：qiuww.syky@sinopec.com，地址：北京海淀區(qū)北四環(huán)中路267號(hào)北京奧運(yùn)大廈508室，100083。

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1493.2016.02.018