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      苯系物聯(lián)合暴露仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組差異表達(dá)基因分析

      2016-03-17 07:48:18潘泳嘉周遵春王擺高杉孫紅娟關(guān)曉燕董穎閆喜武
      生態(tài)毒理學(xué)報(bào) 2016年6期
      關(guān)鍵詞:苯系系物刺參

      潘泳嘉,周遵春,王擺,高杉,孫紅娟,關(guān)曉燕,董穎,閆喜武

      1. 大連海洋大學(xué),大連 116023 2. 遼寧省海洋水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院,大連 116023

      苯系物聯(lián)合暴露仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組差異表達(dá)基因分析

      潘泳嘉1,2,周遵春2,*,王擺2,#,高杉2,孫紅娟2,關(guān)曉燕2,董穎2,閆喜武1

      1. 大連海洋大學(xué),大連 116023 2. 遼寧省海洋水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院,大連 116023

      為了分析苯系物(BTEXs)聯(lián)合暴露后仿刺參(Apostichopus japonicus)管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組差異表達(dá)基因,采用Illumina HiSeqTM2000測(cè)序技術(shù),對(duì)1.0 mg·L-1苯系物(B)聯(lián)合暴露12 h后和對(duì)照組(C)的仿刺參管足組織分別進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序。經(jīng)Trinity軟件進(jìn)行de novo組裝,獲得了145 675條unigenes。利用公共數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行同源比對(duì),共注釋了35 330條unigenes。對(duì)比分析苯系物聯(lián)合暴露組和對(duì)照組的轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序結(jié)果,獲得了2 418個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因(DEGs) (|Log2Fold changes| ≥ 1且FDR ≤ 0.001),其中,上調(diào)表達(dá)和下調(diào)表達(dá)基因分別為1 049和1 369個(gè)。GOseq分析結(jié)果顯示,158個(gè)DEGs顯著富集在149個(gè)GO terms中,包括103個(gè)生物學(xué)過程、17個(gè)細(xì)胞組分和29個(gè)分子功能(P < 0.05);KEGG代謝通路分析結(jié)果顯示994個(gè)差異基因映射到268條代謝通路,這些差異表達(dá)基因參與的生理過程與其他生物的同源基因參與的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)、癌癥、外源性化合物的生物降解代謝等過程相類似。上述結(jié)果為在轉(zhuǎn)錄組水平篩選苯系物的生物標(biāo)志物,解析苯系物對(duì)仿刺參毒性作用的分子機(jī)制提供了科學(xué)參考。

      苯系物;仿刺參;管足;差異表達(dá)基因;轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序

      苯系物(BTEXs)包括苯(Benzene)、甲苯(Toluene)、乙基苯(Ethylbenzene)和二甲苯(Xylene)[1],具有較強(qiáng)的生物毒性作用。苯系物中的苯是致癌物,可導(dǎo)致白血病和淋巴瘤[2],引起染色體斷裂和阻礙染色體分離[3];甲苯具有神經(jīng)毒性和致畸作用[4-5];乙基苯可以誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞色素P450(Cytochrome P450, CYP)和細(xì)胞色素-c-還原酶系統(tǒng),也是線粒體解偶聯(lián)劑,長(zhǎng)期的乙基苯暴露,則會(huì)造成呼吸系統(tǒng)和腎臟損傷[6-7];二甲苯對(duì)人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、肝臟和腎臟具有損傷作用[8];此外,苯系物作為全球生產(chǎn)和使用最為廣泛的50種有機(jī)化合物之一,也是水環(huán)境中優(yōu)先控制污染物之一。苯系物隨著海洋溢油、生活污水和石化廢水進(jìn)入近岸海洋環(huán)境,表層海水中苯系物因揮發(fā)、光解、微生物的降解,通常維系在ng·L-1,港口表層海水苯系物含量可以達(dá)到μg·L-1,海水中部分苯系物隨著中顆粒物質(zhì)沉降,在沉積物中累積,可以達(dá)到μg·kg-1,甚至達(dá)到mg·kg-1[9-10],對(duì)近岸海洋底棲生態(tài)環(huán)境安全構(gòu)成潛在危害。

      仿刺參(A. japonicus)屬于棘皮動(dòng)物門,仿刺參屬,是我國(guó)北方海域重要的底棲生物類群,通過管足行動(dòng)并感知環(huán)境變化[11-12]。前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)仿刺參對(duì)苯系物暴露較為敏感,低劑量苯系物暴露導(dǎo)致仿刺參的脂質(zhì)過氧化損傷及相關(guān)抗氧化基因和酶活性的顯著變化[13-15]。為進(jìn)一步了解苯系物對(duì)仿刺參基因組轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的影響,本研究利用Illumina HiSeqTM2000測(cè)序技術(shù),通過空白對(duì)照組和苯系物聯(lián)合暴露組的仿刺參管足組織的轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序分析,篩選出差異表達(dá)基因,并進(jìn)行差異表達(dá)基因的GO富集和KEGG通路分析,為在轉(zhuǎn)錄組水平上篩選苯系物的生物標(biāo)志物,解析苯系物對(duì)仿刺參毒性作用的分子機(jī)制提供參考。

      1 材料與方法(Materials and methods)

      1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與試劑

      仿刺參(A. japonicus)為遼寧省海洋水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院引育種中心培育的幼參,體重(10±2) g,經(jīng)清潔海水馴養(yǎng)2周后,選取健康幼參用于后續(xù)試驗(yàn)。

      苯、甲苯、乙基苯、二甲苯和二甲基亞砜(DMSO)均為分析純(中國(guó)國(guó)藥有限公司)。

      1.2 苯系物聯(lián)合毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)

      根據(jù)苯系物對(duì)仿刺參96 h-LC50,計(jì)算出苯、甲苯、乙基苯、二甲苯對(duì)仿刺參急性毒性的比值為4:2:2:3。設(shè)置苯系物聯(lián)合處理濃度1.0 mg·L-1(其中,苯0.36 mg·L-1,甲苯0.18 mg·L-1,乙基苯0.18 mg·L-1,二甲苯0.28 mg·L-1),同時(shí)設(shè)置空白對(duì)照組,各處理組設(shè)置2個(gè)平行。在玻璃缸中配制15 L實(shí)驗(yàn)溶液,每個(gè)缸中加10只幼參,試驗(yàn)條件:水溫15 ℃,鹽度30,pH 8.0,間斷性充氧,確保溶解氧大于4.5 mg·L-1,避光。

      1.3 樣品采集、RNA提取

      苯系物處理12 h后,分別取空白對(duì)照組C_1、C_2和苯系物聯(lián)合處理組B_1、B_2的仿刺參9只,冰上采集管足樣品,放于液氮中速凍,-80 ℃保存。Trizol法提取上述樣品的總RNA,DNase I進(jìn)行DNA消化處理,電泳檢測(cè)總RNA的質(zhì)量和純度,Agilent 2100檢測(cè)RNA完整性。

      1.4 轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序

      將檢測(cè)合格的RNA樣品,用帶有Oligo(dT)的磁珠進(jìn)行mRNA的富集與純化,將mRNA打斷成短片段,以mRNA為模板,進(jìn)行測(cè)序文庫(kù)構(gòu)建和Illumina HiSeqTM2000測(cè)序,獲得空白對(duì)照組C_1、C_2和苯系物聯(lián)合暴露組B_1、B_2測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)。

      1.5 測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)的拼接和組裝

      測(cè)序得到的原始reads,去除帶接頭的reads,N(無法確定堿基信息)比例大于10%的不確定reads和低質(zhì)量reads,得到clean reads,采用Trinity軟件(trinityseqrnaseq_r2013_08_04)對(duì)clean reads進(jìn)行de novo混合拼接。過濾和組裝以后得到高質(zhì)量的unigenes。

      1.6 Unigenes功能注釋

      利用Transdecoder軟件對(duì)unigenes序列中編碼區(qū)進(jìn)行翻譯,在翻譯過程中調(diào)用Rfam數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。將翻譯后的氨基酸序列分別與NCBI蛋白數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(NCBI non-redundant protein sequence, Nr)、注釋的蛋白質(zhì)序列數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(SWISS-PROT)、蛋白質(zhì)直系同源簇?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(Cluster of Orthologous Groups, COG)、基因本體論(Gene Ontology, GO)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、KEGG直系同源(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Orthology, KO)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)做BLASTP序列相似性比對(duì),并使用Blast2GO[16]對(duì)Nr注釋的結(jié)果文件進(jìn)行GO term映射,獲得GO注釋。

      1.7 差異表達(dá)基因的篩選及分析

      利用RSEM軟件(v1.2.6)進(jìn)行基因表達(dá)定量分析,采用FPKM(fragments per kb million reads)進(jìn)行表達(dá)量計(jì)算[17],使用DESeq算法進(jìn)行差異表達(dá)分析[18],以P ≤ 0.05、假陽(yáng)性率(false discovery rate, FDR) ≤ 0.001和|Log2Ratio| ≥ 1為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),篩選苯系物聯(lián)合暴露后仿刺參管足的差異表達(dá)基因。

      采用GOSeq軟件對(duì)差異表達(dá)基因進(jìn)行GO富集分析[19],并對(duì)富集結(jié)果進(jìn)行GO level 3水平上的DEG數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì),獲得GO level 3水平上差異表達(dá)基因的數(shù)量。根據(jù)unigenes的KO注釋結(jié)果,統(tǒng)計(jì)差異表達(dá)基因在各個(gè)通路上的分布數(shù)量,利用超幾何分布計(jì)算方式,以P < 0.05作為閥值,確定富集通路并統(tǒng)計(jì)差異表達(dá)基因的數(shù)量。

      2 結(jié)果(Results)

      2.1 仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組的測(cè)序與組裝

      仿刺參管足4個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序的總產(chǎn)出為217 144 662

      條raw reads,去除低質(zhì)量和含有接頭的reads以后,得到212 804 626條clean reads(見表1),(G+C)%含量平均值為41.89%,堿基Q20均值為97.585%,說明轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序質(zhì)量和數(shù)據(jù)量相對(duì)較高。

      利用Trinity軟件對(duì)clean reads進(jìn)行組裝(表2,圖1),通過序列之間的overlap信息組裝得到238 603重疊群(Contig),平均長(zhǎng)度為827 bp,N50為1 493 bp,其中,長(zhǎng)度在200 ~ 500 bp的Contig有155 653個(gè),占總體的56.85%;500~1 000 bp的Contig有46 430個(gè),占總體的19.45%;長(zhǎng)度大于1 000 nt的Contig有56 520條,占全部Contig的23.68%。從中挑選145 675個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄本作為單基因簇(unigene),占總體的60.80%。

      2.2 仿刺參管足unigenes功能注釋

      通過BLASP將unigenes序列比對(duì)到Nr、Swiss-PROT、COG、GO、KO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(E-value<1e-5),得到與unigenes具有高度序列相似性的蛋白,從而得到該unigenes的蛋白功能注釋信息。其中匹配到Nr數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的有18 361條,占全部獲得注釋unigenes的51.97% (表3)。

      圖1 仿刺參管足序列長(zhǎng)度分布圖Fig. 1 Length distribution of sequences of the A. japonicus tube feet

      表1 仿刺參管足Illumina HiSeqTM 2000測(cè)序產(chǎn)出質(zhì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)Table 1 Data quality obtained by Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 sequencing of the A. japonicus tube feet

      注:C_1、C_2為對(duì)照組,B_1、B_2為苯系物聯(lián)合處理組,處理時(shí)間為12 h,苯系物處理濃度為1.0 mg·L-1。

      Note: C_1, C_2 are control groups, B_1, B_2 are BTEXs treatment groups (exposed to 1.0 mg·L-1BTEXs for 12 h).

      表2 仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序組裝質(zhì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)Table 2 Assembly quality of A. japonicus tube feet transcriptome

      unigenes注釋到Nr數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的E值分布圖顯示,E值小于1E-100的unigene有18.03%,E值介于1E-60到1E-100之間的unigenes有17.63%,E值介于1E-5到1E-60之間的unigenes有64.34%(圖2A)。相似度分布圖顯示,序列比對(duì)相似度在40%以上的unigenes占72.09%,相似度高于60%的unigenes占26.33%(圖2B)。功能注釋的同源序列的物種分布情況中見圖2C,注釋到紫海膽(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)的序列有67.86%,注釋到柱頭蟲(Saccoglossus kowalevskii)的序列有2.37%。

      將仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組獲得的unigenes與COG數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行比對(duì),對(duì)其做了功能分類和統(tǒng)計(jì),注釋到COG的8 409個(gè)unigenes分布于24個(gè)功能分類(圖3),如:翻譯,核糖體結(jié)構(gòu)和生物合成,翻譯后修飾,折疊和分子伴侶類基因,核酸復(fù)制、重組和修復(fù),氨基酸、脂肪和糖的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和代謝等。

      表3 unigenes在Nr、SWISS-PROT、COG、GO、KO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的注釋Table 3 Annotation of unigenes in Nr, SWISS-PROT,COG, GO and KO databases

      注:Nr、SWISS-PROT、COG、GO、KO分別表示NCBI蛋白數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、注釋的蛋白質(zhì)序列數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、蛋白質(zhì)直系同源簇?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、基因本體論數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、KEGG直系同源數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù);Percentage表示在該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中得到匹配蛋白的unigenes占全部獲得注釋的unigenes的百分比。

      Note: Nr, SWISS-PROT, COG, GO, KO stand for NCBI non-redundant protein sequences Database, Swiss-Prot Protein Sequence Database, Cluster of Orthologous Groups Database, Gene Ontology Database, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Orthology Database, respectively; Percentage means the percentage of unigenes matched in the database in all the annotated unigenes.

      對(duì)仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組unigenes進(jìn)行GO分析發(fā)現(xiàn),有10 532個(gè)unigenes注釋到GO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),有6 722、8 018、8 503個(gè)unigenes被歸屬到細(xì)胞組分、分子功能和生物學(xué)過程中(圖4),可細(xì)分為51個(gè)亞類,如生物學(xué)過程中,細(xì)胞過程和代謝過程所占比例較高,細(xì)胞和細(xì)胞器部分在細(xì)胞組分所占比例較高,連接和催化活性在分子功能中占有較高比例。

      仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組unigenes的KO注釋結(jié)果顯示(圖5),11 756個(gè)unigenes獲得9 873個(gè)同源蛋白注釋,其中7 305個(gè)unigenes得到的5 422個(gè)同源蛋白參與344個(gè)已知代謝通路。代謝通路分為人類疾病、組織系統(tǒng)、基礎(chǔ)代謝、環(huán)境信息進(jìn)程、細(xì)胞進(jìn)程、遺傳信息進(jìn)程等6大類。

      2.3 苯系物聯(lián)合暴露仿刺參管足差異表達(dá)基因篩選

      采用DESeq算法計(jì)算unigene在對(duì)照組和苯系物聯(lián)合暴露實(shí)驗(yàn)組中基因表達(dá)量進(jìn)行差異分析,以|Log2Fold changes| ≥ 1、P < 0.05、FDR ≤ 0.001為篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),共得到2 418個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因,其中,上調(diào)基因有1 049個(gè),下調(diào)基因有1 369個(gè)。圖6為差異表達(dá)基因的火山圖。

      通過差異表達(dá)基因的相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),空白對(duì)照組C_1和C_2相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.95,苯系物聯(lián)合暴露實(shí)驗(yàn)組B_1和B_2的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.96,而對(duì)照組和苯系物聯(lián)合暴露實(shí)驗(yàn)組的相關(guān)性為-0.98(圖7),說明平行樣測(cè)序分析獲得的差異表達(dá)基因高度相似,苯系物暴露組與對(duì)照組的差異顯著。

      2.4 差異表達(dá)基因的GO富集分析

      GOseq分析結(jié)果顯示,158個(gè)DEGs顯著富集在149個(gè)GO terms中,包括103個(gè)生物學(xué)過程,17個(gè)細(xì)胞組分和29個(gè)分子功能。將富集的GO terms歸類到level GO 3分類中,并統(tǒng)計(jì)詞條中DEGs的數(shù)量(圖8)。

      2.5 差異表達(dá)基因的KEEG富集分析

      差異表達(dá)基因的KEEG富集分析結(jié)果顯示(圖9):994個(gè)差異基因分布在268個(gè)通路中,涉及相關(guān)人類疾病、生物系統(tǒng)、基礎(chǔ)代謝、環(huán)境信息進(jìn)程、細(xì)胞進(jìn)程、遺傳信息進(jìn)程的差異基因數(shù)量分別為284、186、183、141、111和89個(gè)。差異基因集中在以下通路較多:PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路(ko04151)、吞噬(ko04144)、MAPK信號(hào)通路(ko04010)、Rap1信號(hào)通路(ko04015)、剪接體(ko03040)、溶酶體(ko04142)等。

      統(tǒng)計(jì)通路內(nèi)基因分布情況,使用超幾何分布法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),P < 0.05閥值篩選得到6個(gè)次級(jí)富集通路,分別為癌癥(cancers)、感染性疾病(infectious diseases)、細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)與死亡(cell growth and death)、轉(zhuǎn)錄(transcription)、復(fù)制與修復(fù)(replication and repair)、糖的生物合成與代謝(glycan biosynthesis and metabolism)等(圖10)。

      圖2 unigene與Nr數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)比對(duì)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)Fig. 2 Comparison results of unigene to Nr databases

      圖3 仿刺參管足unigenes的COG功能分類Fig. 3 COG function classification of unigenes from A. japonicus tube feet

      圖4 Unigenes的GO分類Fig. 4 GO functional categories of unigenes

      圖5 unigenes的KO功能分類Fig. 5 KO functional categories of unigenes

      圖6 差異表達(dá)基因的火山圖Fig. 6 Volcano map of differential expression genes (DEGs)

      圖7 對(duì)照組和苯系物處理組樣本的相關(guān)性分析Fig. 7 Correlation between control and BTEXs treatment samples

      圖8 GO Term富集的DEGs數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì)Fig. 8 The enrichment GO Term of DEGs

      圖9 差異基因在通路中的分布情況Fig. 9 The number of differential expression genes in pathway

      圖10 pathway通路富集圖Fig. 10 Statistics of pathway enrichment

      3 討論(Discussion)

      轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用,為研究環(huán)境污染物對(duì)海洋生物基因組轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的影響,分析其分子作用機(jī)制提供了重要的技術(shù)手段。利用轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序技術(shù),Hook等[20]分析了氨、銅、原油和除草劑西瑪津?qū)Q蠊柙?Ceratoneis closterium)轉(zhuǎn)錄組的影響;Huang等[21]報(bào)道了全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)對(duì)海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)轉(zhuǎn)錄組的影響;Ron等[22]研究了重金屬汞、銅、鋅、鎘對(duì)海葵(Nematostella vectensis)轉(zhuǎn)錄組的影響。目前,有關(guān)苯系物對(duì)仿刺參基因組轉(zhuǎn)錄水平影響的研究尚未見報(bào)道。本研究中轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序、組裝及注釋的結(jié)果與仿刺參相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)錄組研究結(jié)果較為相近[23-25]。注釋的unigenes中有23 975條(67.86%)與紫海膽(S. purpuratus)的匹配,紫海膽(S. purpuratus)作為唯一完成全基因組測(cè)序的棘皮動(dòng)物,具有豐富的基因組信息[26],為仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組的unigenes注釋提供了參考序列。

      苯系物作為單環(huán)芳烴化合物,其正辛醇-水分配系數(shù)logKow值在2.13~3.20之間,具有親脂性和一定的生物富集性。Roose和Brinkman[27]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋魚類鱈魚(Merlangius merlangus)和比目魚(Limanda limanda)肌肉、肝臟組織中的苯系物含量在ng·g-1,是環(huán)境中苯系物含量的100倍以上。苯系物進(jìn)入生物體后,可以被CYP同工酶(如:CYP1A1)代謝為可溶性產(chǎn)物排出體外[5]。差異表達(dá)基因的KEEG富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn),41.1%的差異表達(dá)基因富集到286個(gè)代謝通路。部分差異表達(dá)基因富集到外源化合物生物降解代謝通路:CYP參與的外源化合物代謝(ko00980)和藥物代謝(ko00982)以及其他酶參與的藥物代謝(ko00983)通路,包括CYP A46、谷胱甘肽硫轉(zhuǎn)移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)、微粒體環(huán)氧化物酶(microsomal epoxide hydrolase, EPHX1)、羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase 2, CES2)、黃嘌呤脫氫酶/氧化酶(xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, XDH)等。這表明苯系物進(jìn)入仿刺參管足組織后,可能被CYP氧化代謝。由芳香烴受體(aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AhR)介導(dǎo)的芳烴化合物CYP氧化代謝是耗氧過程,在產(chǎn)生氧自由基的同時(shí),造成細(xì)胞內(nèi)缺氧,進(jìn)而激活缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子(hypoxia-inducible factor 1, HIF-1)調(diào)控的缺氧應(yīng)答機(jī)制[28-29]。KEEG富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn)苯系物暴露后,仿刺參管足差異表達(dá)的基因在HIF-1代謝通路(ko04066)富集,如:缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子脯氨酰羥化酶(hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase, HPH)、己糖激酶(hexokinase, HK)等。

      苯系物聯(lián)合暴露導(dǎo)致仿刺參管足細(xì)胞內(nèi)大量與人類癌癥相關(guān)基因同源性較高的基因差異表達(dá)(上調(diào)基因44個(gè),下調(diào)基因70個(gè)),包括:腫瘤壞死因子聯(lián)合受體3(TNF receptor-associated factor 3, TRAF3)、細(xì)胞粘合素(tenascin, TN)、蛋白水解酶caspase 9等。這些差異表達(dá)基因富集的代謝通路包括:ko05200、ko05202、ko05203、ko05230、ko05231等。TRAFs為TNF轉(zhuǎn)接上游分子信號(hào)激活下游基因,在適應(yīng)性和先天性免疫中發(fā)揮重要作用[30]。TRAF3基因缺失導(dǎo)致新生小鼠(Mus musculus)的死亡[31]。TRAF3存在于仿刺參的各種組織中,可能在抗菌的過程通過調(diào)節(jié)ROS產(chǎn)生發(fā)揮重要的作用[32]。

      此外,差異表達(dá)基因富集較多的信號(hào)通路有磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/Akt信號(hào)通路(PI3K/Akt)、信號(hào)通路(ko04151)、絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)信號(hào)通路(ko04010)等。其中,PI3Ks蛋白家族參與細(xì)胞增殖、分化、凋亡和葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)等多種細(xì)胞功能的調(diào)節(jié),PI3K活性的增加常與多種癌癥相關(guān)[33]。MAPK是一組能被不同的細(xì)胞外刺激(如細(xì)胞因子、神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)、激素、細(xì)胞應(yīng)激及細(xì)胞黏附等激活的絲氨酸-蘇氨酸蛋白激酶)調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、分化、對(duì)環(huán)境的應(yīng)激適應(yīng)、炎癥反應(yīng)等多種重要的細(xì)胞生理/病理過程[34]。

      通過對(duì)差異基因的GO富集分析,可以定位差異基因最可能相關(guān)的GO term,有助于了解差異表達(dá)基因的功能[35]。苯系物聯(lián)合暴露后,GOseq分析發(fā)現(xiàn),158個(gè)DEGs顯著富集在149個(gè)GO terms中,包括103個(gè)生物學(xué)過程,17個(gè)細(xì)胞組分和29個(gè)分子功能。為深入研究這些差異表達(dá)基因的生物學(xué)功能和了解苯系物對(duì)仿刺參毒性作用的分子機(jī)制提供了參考。

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      [14] 高士博, 王擺, 董穎, 等. 苯系物對(duì)仿刺參catalase基因表達(dá)及酶活性的影響[J]. 生態(tài)毒理學(xué)報(bào), 2015, 10(2): 297-305

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      Dong Y, Wang B, Cui C, et al. The effects of BTEXs on the glutathione peroxidase gene expression in intestine and respiratory tree of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus [J]. Fisheries Science, 2015, 34(5): 311-315 (in Chinese)

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      Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Tube Feet of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopusjaponicus) Co-exposed to BTEXs by Transcriptome Sequencing

      Pan Yongjia1,2, Zhou Zunchun2,*, Wang Bai2,#, Gao Shan2, Sun Hongjuan2, Guan Xiaoyan2, Dong Ying2, Yan Xiwu1

      1. Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China 2. Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China

      Received 07 March 2016 accepted 04 May 2016

      In order to identify and analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), transcriptome sequencing in the tube feet of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus exposed to 0.0 (C), 1.0 mg·L-1BTEXs (B) for 12 h, was performed respectively using the Illumina HiSeqTM2000 platform. The clean reads were then de novo assembled into 145 675 unigenes, and 35 330 unigenes were annotated by a similarity search against the public databases. By comparing B and C using the criteria |Log2Fold changes| ≥ 1 and false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.001, 2 418 DEGs were identified, among which 1 049 were up-regulated and 1 369 were down-regulated. GOseq analysis revealed that for B vs. C, 158 DEGs were highly enriched in 149 GO terms, including 103 biological processes, 17 cellular components and 29 molecular function terms (P value < 0.05). Pathways associated with BTEXs challenge were also mined. The result indicated that 994 DEGs were enriched in 268 pathways, including signal transduction, cancer, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism pathways. The results obtained in this study could be used for the screening of BTEXs biomarkers on the transcriptome level, and provide the reference to understand the molecular mechanism of toxic effects of BTEXs on sea cucumber A. japonicus.

      BTEXs; Apostichopus japonicus; tube feet; differentially expressed gene; transcriptome sequencing

      海洋公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201205012-7);大連市科學(xué)技術(shù)基金(2012J21DW029)

      潘泳嘉(1988-),男,碩士研究生,研究方向?yàn)閯?dòng)物遺傳育種與繁殖,E-mail: 820092256@qq.com;

      *通訊作者(Corresponding author), E-mail: zunchunz@hotmail.com

      10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20160307002

      2016-03-07 錄用日期:2016-05-04

      1673-5897(2016)6-082-11

      X171.5

      A

      周遵春(1967—),男,海洋生物學(xué)博士,研究員,主要研究方向海洋生物學(xué),發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文80余篇。

      王擺(1981—),男,海洋生物學(xué)博士,副研究員,主要研究方向海洋生態(tài)毒理學(xué),發(fā)表論文20余篇。

      # 共同通訊作者(Co-corresponding author), E-mail:wangbai1980@hotmail.com

      潘泳嘉, 周遵春, 王擺, 等. 苯系物聯(lián)合暴露仿刺參管足轉(zhuǎn)錄組差異表達(dá)基因分析[J]. 生態(tài)毒理學(xué)報(bào),2016, 11(6): 82-92

      Pan Y J, Zhou Z C, Wang B, et al. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in the tube feet of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) co-exposed to BTEXs by transcriptome sequencing [J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2016, 11(6): 82-92 (in Chinese)

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