可持續(xù)建筑的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

可持續(xù)建筑的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

"Target Issues" for Sustainable Construction

拉法基豪瑞基金會(huì)確立的可持續(xù)建筑的5項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)對(duì)建筑在可持續(xù)發(fā)展中的作用進(jìn)行量化評(píng)價(jià)。拉法基豪瑞可持續(xù)建筑基金會(huì)堅(jiān)持可持續(xù)基本原則，主張建成環(huán)境的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展，要求制定負(fù)責(zé)任的經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)和社會(huì)議程，并做到相互平衡與協(xié)調(diào)。

為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，拉法基豪瑞基金會(huì)及其合作大學(xué)確定了下述5項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，旨在明確為后代保護(hù)人類棲居地的原則。 這些指標(biāo)是對(duì)提交參加拉法基豪瑞獎(jiǎng)的項(xiàng)目的遴選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也是基金會(huì)其他相關(guān)活動(dòng)的路線圖。

1 創(chuàng)新與可轉(zhuǎn)移性——進(jìn)步：

項(xiàng)目必須展現(xiàn)出可持續(xù)發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新方法，能夠推動(dòng)實(shí)踐和探索新的學(xué)科前沿。突破和創(chuàng)造潮流的發(fā)現(xiàn)必須可以轉(zhuǎn)移到其他應(yīng)用。

·關(guān)于設(shè)計(jì)、材料和方法的集成、結(jié)構(gòu)、圍墻和機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新概念；

·對(duì)建筑技術(shù)和建造工藝、建筑運(yùn)行和維護(hù)的杰出貢獻(xiàn)；

·建筑學(xué)、城市與景觀設(shè)計(jì)、民用、城市和環(huán)境工程、以及建成環(huán)境涉及的其他專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)步；

·評(píng)估實(shí)現(xiàn)期望與目標(biāo)的長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)測(cè)方法；

·傳播知識(shí)，包括項(xiàng)目文件編制、溝通、宣傳和培訓(xùn)。

2 道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與社會(huì)包容——人：

項(xiàng)目必須在建筑的各個(gè)階段，從規(guī)劃、建造到使用和維護(hù)，堅(jiān)守最高的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，促進(jìn)社會(huì)包容；確保為社區(qū)帶去長(zhǎng)久的積極影響。推薦的項(xiàng)目必須證明它們?nèi)绾卧鰪?qiáng)社區(qū)團(tuán)結(jié)。

·在項(xiàng)目的各個(gè)階段堅(jiān)守道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；

·利于形成社會(huì)環(huán)境、增強(qiáng)共同價(jià)值觀和社區(qū)賦能；

·利益相關(guān)人的參與，包括用戶、客戶、當(dāng)?shù)卣头钦M織；

·建筑行業(yè)工作條件（包括現(xiàn)場(chǎng)）的質(zhì)量；特別關(guān)注公平薪酬、福利、安全和性別平等；

·政治透明度、公平流程與堅(jiān)持有原則的互動(dòng)和公正行為，目的是預(yù)防各級(jí)腐敗。

3 資源與環(huán)境表現(xiàn)——地球：

項(xiàng)目必須在整個(gè)生命周期中展現(xiàn)出對(duì)自然資源的合理利用與管理。長(zhǎng)期環(huán)境問題，特別是與存貨、原料流動(dòng)和能源有關(guān)的環(huán)境問題，應(yīng)成為設(shè)計(jì)理念不可分割的一部分。

·將項(xiàng)目的生態(tài)足跡降至最小，將項(xiàng)目對(duì)環(huán)境的積極影響最大化；減少項(xiàng)目危害，增加項(xiàng)目效益；

·具有環(huán)保意識(shí)的土地使用戰(zhàn)略和保護(hù)自然景觀的政策，同時(shí)考慮到水土改良；

·重視建筑可再生能源的使用和建成建筑的使用與維護(hù)，減少CO2的排放和避免毒害；

·在建筑中創(chuàng)新使用原料資源，強(qiáng)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念，發(fā)掘現(xiàn)有的存量建筑和減少垃圾；

·有彈性的產(chǎn)品、穩(wěn)健的建筑細(xì)節(jié)、建筑系統(tǒng)的智能交互與環(huán)保技術(shù)。

4 經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性與兼容性——繁榮：

項(xiàng)目必須具有經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性，能夠獲得融資（包括政府、商業(yè)或優(yōu)惠貸款），并對(duì)社會(huì)和環(huán)境帶來積極影響。避免浪費(fèi)材料資源，建筑的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益得到提高。

·資金來源和利潤(rùn)必須合法、透明；

·項(xiàng)目應(yīng)包含生命周期間的運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用，并且產(chǎn)生不錯(cuò)的回報(bào)率；

·將項(xiàng)目融入當(dāng)?shù)?、地區(qū)和全球資金流更廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)框架中；

·展現(xiàn)出靈活性，能夠適應(yīng)未來用戶需求、所有權(quán)關(guān)系、法律、法規(guī)和經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)的變化；

·追求穩(wěn)健的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，從一開始就考慮到昂貴的外部成本。

5 環(huán)境與審美效果——地點(diǎn)：

項(xiàng)目必須傳遞出高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建筑質(zhì)量并具有文化表現(xiàn)力。空間、外形和審美效果，設(shè)計(jì)的材料表現(xiàn)必須長(zhǎng)期對(duì)物理和人文環(huán)境產(chǎn)生積極的作用。

·根據(jù)自然和建成環(huán)境改善現(xiàn)有的環(huán)境條件；

·景觀、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、城市結(jié)構(gòu)和建筑的相互依賴；

·通過恢復(fù)、重復(fù)使用和重塑建成環(huán)境與特定建筑群很好地匹配；

·在使用、多功能性、短期靈活性和長(zhǎng)期適應(yīng)性方面有發(fā)明創(chuàng)造；

·建筑質(zhì)量和審美效果，特別是在空間、空間序列、動(dòng)態(tài)感、材料觸感、光線和氛圍方面。

The five "target issues" defined by the LafargeHolcim Foundation quantify the degree to which buildings contribute to sustainable development. The LafargeHolcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction is committed to the underlying principles of sustainability, which assert that long-term development of the built environment requires a balanced interplay of responsible economic, ecological, and social agendas.

To achieve this objective, the LafargeHolcim Foundation and its partner universities have identified five "target issues" that aim to clarify principles for sustaining the human habitat for future generations. These "target issues" serve as criteria for projects submitted for the LafargeHolcim Awards and as a road map for other related activities of the Foundation.

1 Innovation and transferability – Progress:

Projects must demonstrate innovative approaches to sustainable development, pushing the envelope of practice and exploring new disciplinary frontiers. Breakthroughs and trend-setting discoveries must be transferable to a range of other applications.

· Innovative concepts regarding design, integration of materials and methods, structure, enclosure and mechanical systems.

· Outstanding contributions to construction technologies and building processes, operation and maintenance.

· Advancements in the disciplines of architecture, urban and landscape design, civil, urban and environmental engineering, and other fields involved in the production of the built environment.

· Long-term monitoring methods to evaluate whether expectations and goals have been met.

· Dissemination of knowledge, including project documentation, communication, education and training.

2 Ethical standards and social inclusion – People:

Projects must adhere to the highest ethical standards and promote social inclusion at all stages of construction, from planning and building to use and servicing; to ensure an enduring positive impact on communities. Proposals must demonstrate how they enhance the collective realm.

· Adherence to ethical standards in all phases of the project.

· Contributions to the formation of socially-viable environments, strengthening of shared values and empowerment of communities.

· Participation of stakeholders, including users, clients, neighborhood affiliations, local authorities and non-governmental organizations.

· Quality of working conditions in the construction industry and including on site; with specific attention given to fair compensation, adequate benefits, safety and gender equality.

· Political transparency, unbiased processes and commitment to principled interaction, just practices, all in the effort to prevent corruption at every level.

3 Resource and environmental performance –Planet:

Projects must exhibit a sensible use and management of natural resources throughout their entire life cycle. Long-term environmental concerns, especially pertaining to stocks and flows of material and energy, should be an integral part of the design philosophy.

· Minimizing a project's ecological footprint and maximizing its positive impact on the environment; reduction of harm and increase of beneficial effects.

· Environmentally-conscious land use strategies and policies that preserve the natural landscape, while taking water and land reclamation into account.

· Emphasis placed on the use of renewable energy in construction, use and upkeep of the built fabric to reduce CO2emissions and avoid toxicity.

· Innovative deployment of material resources in construction with an emphasis on cradle to cradle cycles, mining existing building stocks and reduction of waste.

· Resilient products, robust construction details, smart interaction of building systems and environmentally sound technologies.

4 Economic viability and compatibility –Prosperity:

Projects must be economically feasible and able to secure financing – whether from public, commercial, or concessional sources – while having a positive impact on society and the environment. Avoiding the wasteful consumption of material resources, an economy of means in construction is to be promoted.

· Funding sources and profits earned must be legitimate and transparent.

· Projects should cover operating costs over their lifetime and generate an acceptable rate of return.

· Integration of the project into the wider economic framework of local, regional, and global monetary flows.

· Demonstrate flexibility to adapt to future changes of user needs, ownership, laws, regulations, and economic fluctuations.

· Robust economic models are sought that take unpriced external costs into consideration from the outset.

5 Contextual and aesthetic impact – Place:

Projects must convey a high standard of architectural quality as a prevalent form of cultural expression. With space, form and aesthetic impact of utmost significance, the material manifestation of the design must make a positive and lasting contribution to the physical, human and cultural environment.

· Improvement of existing contextual conditions responding to the natural and built environment.

· Interdependencies of landscape, infrastructure, urban fabric and architecture.

· Working with the given building stock through sensitive restoration, re-use or re-modeling of the built environment.

· Inventive programming strategies in terms of use, multiplicity of functions, short-term flexibility and long-term adaptability.

· Architectural quality and aesthetic impact, specifically concerning space, spatial sequences, movement, tactility of materials, light and ambiance.