甘肅 李艷麗

書面表達(dá)六大高分策略

甘肅 李艷麗

要想書面表達(dá)得高分，除了要點(diǎn)齊全、基本語法和常用單詞拼寫無嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤之外，還要在表達(dá)的多樣性、復(fù)雜性以及上下文的連貫性上下工夫，要寫出有特色、有亮點(diǎn)的文章去主動(dòng)創(chuàng)造得分點(diǎn)，才能獲取高分。

一、虎頭豹尾

“良好的開端是成功的一半。”每篇文章的首句往往是文章的窗口，會(huì)讓閱卷老師對(duì)考生的作文形成第一印象，所以必須讓老師在第一時(shí)間判斷你是否讀懂了題意；同樣，好的結(jié)尾也是十分重要的，尤其是用倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等高級(jí)語法結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)尾，會(huì)給文章增色不少。例如：

1.（2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）I often imagine what life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years.（第一、二句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文，提綱挈領(lǐng)）

2.（2014·浙江卷）Knowing that our library is going to buy books，I’d like to give some suggestions.（開篇用非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作狀語，正式、高級(jí)）

3.（2014·福建卷）This quotation from Sir Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures. Rather，we should keep trying with enthusiasm.（開門見山，點(diǎn)明主題）

4.（2013·陜西卷）Tired as I was，I never felt so happy.（用as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句結(jié)尾）

5.（2013·江蘇卷）Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.（用倒裝句結(jié)尾）

6.（2014·安徽卷）I hope you’ll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.（結(jié)尾處表達(dá)美好的希望，突出寫作目的）

7.（2014·福建卷）What’s important is that we should stick at it.（用主語從句和表語從句結(jié)尾，句式多變、高級(jí)）

二、成語、諺語給文章增色

在書面表達(dá)中使用恰當(dāng)?shù)某烧Z或諺語，會(huì)給文章增色不少。常用的成語或諺語如下：

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情。

Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

No pains，no gains.一分耕耘，一分收獲。

Nothing is impossible.一切皆有可能。

Actions speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。

Don’t cry over spilled milk.別為灑了的牛奶哭泣（覆水難收）。

Heaven helps those who help themselves.自助者得天助。

One hour today is worth two tomorrow.爭(zhēng)分奪秒效率高。

Well begun is half done. 良好的開端是成功的一半。

A life without a friend is a life without sun. 人生在世無朋友，猶如生活無太陽。

Time and tide wait for no man.歲月不待人。

Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量。

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。

三、妙用情感類詞匯

情感類詞匯是指那些表達(dá)某種情緒感覺的詞，如高興、憤怒、同情、厭惡、樂觀、悲傷等，以形容詞、副詞居多，也有名詞、動(dòng)詞、短語等。如：glad，pleased，delighted，interested，bored，happy，angry，optimistic，satisfied，be glad to do sth.，love，warm，lucky，luckily，sincerely，rush，keep calm 等。在書面表達(dá)中使用恰當(dāng)?shù)那楦蓄愒~匯，可使讀者體會(huì)到文章的內(nèi)在情感，實(shí)現(xiàn)表情達(dá)意的目的，同時(shí)也是讓閱卷老師眼前一亮的地方。

1.（2012·江西卷）Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.

2.（2012·湖北卷）Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and poorly-equipped classroom，I found the teachers patient and considerate. Besides，I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.

3.（2013·湖北卷）My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.

4.（2013·陜西卷）Feeling quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what to do to help.

5.（2014·安徽卷）And third，remain optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.

四、使用固定結(jié)構(gòu)及高級(jí)語法使文章富有質(zhì)感

一篇優(yōu)秀的文章離不開短語、句型以及修辭手法的支撐，如keep in one’s mind，not only...but also...等短語、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、感嘆句和倒裝句等。

1. On behalf of our school，I would like to express our warm welcome to you.（介詞短語作狀語）

2.（2014·陜西卷）As scheduled，we have English Talent Show today.（過去分詞作狀語）

3.（2013·湖北卷）Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.（倒裝句）

4.（2014·浙江卷）What we need most are popular science books.（主語從句）

5.（2014·安徽卷）The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.（ 定語從句 ）

五、適當(dāng)過渡使文章上下連貫

能清楚、連貫地表達(dá)自己的思想是考綱對(duì)考生的書面表達(dá)能力的要求之一。要做到文章上下連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)密，可以使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡性詞匯，因?yàn)檫^渡性詞匯能增加句與句、段與段之間的連貫性。書面表達(dá)中常用的連接詞歸納如下：

1.表示并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系的過渡性詞匯：besides，also，what’s more，what’s worse，more over，further more，in addition（to）， as well as等。例如：

（1）（2014·江蘇卷）Besides，it is，on some occasions，more convenient to use English words.

（2）（2014·湖北卷）In addition to reading for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration.

（3）（2014·福建卷）Rather，we should keep trying with enthusiasm.

2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過渡性詞匯：but，however，yet，instead，on（the）one hand...on the other hand...，although，despite，in spite of，whereas，nevertheless，not only...but also...，the former...the latter...，some...others...等。例如：

（1）（2014·福建卷）So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it. However，it was harder than expected.

（2）（2014·浙江卷）They not only offer us joy and excitement，but also encourage us to think critically.

3. 表示因果關(guān)系的過渡性詞匯：since，as，because（of），for，so，thus，therefore，as a result，so that等。例如：

（1）（2014·北京卷）I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report.

（2）（2014·四川卷）Besides listening to teachers carefully in class，we often work deep into night. Therefore，I believe I can succeed.

（3）（2014·江蘇卷）So，it’s safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.

（4）（2014·安徽卷）The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.

4. 表示條件關(guān)系的過渡性詞匯：if，on condition that，so/as long as，unless，or else等。例如：

（1）（2014·浙江卷）I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.

（2）（2014·山東卷）“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”，as long as you have a dream，keep trying and you’ll make it，too.

5. 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的過渡性詞匯：when，after，before，until，as soon as，lately，recently，afterwards，since，in the meantime，at the same time，suddenly，later，presently等。例如：

（1）（2014·福建卷）I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.

（2）（2014·北京卷）Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in his office and gave the report to him. He accepted our suggestions. Soon afterwards，a second entrance was opened to the parking place.

6. 表示順序關(guān)系的過渡性詞匯：above all，firstly，first， first of all，secondly，second，next，finally，in the end，at last等。例如：

（1）（2014·安徽卷）First，talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger. And third，remain optimistic about your future.

（2）（2014·江西卷）Finally，we should take part in sportsand outdoors activities frequently. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.

（3）（2014·江西卷）In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging. Firstly，we should learn to learn efficiently.

7. 表示舉例說明的過渡性詞匯：for example，for instance，like，such as，for one thing...for another...等。例如：

（1）（2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）In my free time，I will continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games.

（2）（2014·江蘇卷）In fact，Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages，say，“ganbu” or “minzhu”from Japanese.

8. 表示總結(jié)的過渡性詞匯：on the whole，in short，all in all， in summary，in general，in one’s opinion，personally，as far as one is concerned，as far as one can see/know，in a word，in conclusion，in brief，briefly，to sum up等。例如：

（1）（2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.

（2）（2014·福建卷）Actually，we can’t succeed in everything we try. What’s important is that we should stick at it.

（3）（2014·江西卷）Personally，I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.

六、獨(dú)辟蹊徑，不落俗套，創(chuàng)造亮點(diǎn)

1.高級(jí)詞匯、高級(jí)用法創(chuàng)造亮點(diǎn)

書面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鼓勵(lì)考生使用較高級(jí)的詞匯，這就意味著考生應(yīng)在力所能及的情況下嘗試使用高級(jí)詞匯，通過高級(jí)詞匯來展示自己的寫作水平，從而提高書面表達(dá)的得分檔次。

例一：在周末我們有很多作業(yè)。

普通表達(dá)：At the weekend，we have a lot of homework to do.

高級(jí)表達(dá)：At the weekend，we have endless homework to do.

例二：聽到這個(gè)消息，我感到很失望。

普通表達(dá)：Hearing the news，I felt very discouraged.

高級(jí)表達(dá)：Hearing the news，I felt kind of discouraged.

例三：他們幫助我們更好地了解自然科學(xué)并且喚起我們對(duì)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的好奇心。

They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.

其實(shí)，一些普通詞匯如果使用了較新穎的表達(dá)形式，或在特定的語言環(huán)境下將其運(yùn)用得恰到好處，也可視為高級(jí)用法。

例一：他低著頭，一言不發(fā)地站在老師的面前。

He stood before his teacher silently，with his head down.（with這個(gè)普通詞匯用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，產(chǎn)生了高級(jí)表達(dá)的效果）

例二：貓?zhí)^矮墻，爬上樓梯，然后鉆進(jìn)角落里的一個(gè)洞里去了。

The cat jumped over the short wall，up the stairs and then into a hole in the corner.（句中的over，up，into都是普通詞匯，但是用在這樣一個(gè)特定的語境里，準(zhǔn)確而生動(dòng)，也可將其視為高級(jí)用法，從而提升了表達(dá)的檔次）

2.最優(yōu)表達(dá)創(chuàng)造亮點(diǎn)

important—be of great importance

be admitted to... —be a member of

I want to know—I’m eager to know

I wonder—I’m curious about...

I don’t understand—I have no idea about

Could you—Would you be so kind as to...

3.句式多樣，活潑生動(dòng)，亮點(diǎn)頻出

（1）（2014·福建卷）So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it.（“so+形容詞/副詞”置于句首時(shí)要使用部分倒裝）

（2）（2014·湖北卷）Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.（句首使用非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作狀語，句尾使用what 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）

（3）（2014·湖北卷）As a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.（-ing形式短語作主語，緊接著使用了what 引導(dǎo)的表語從句）

（4）（2014·遼寧卷）Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.（句中使用了“be expected to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，句末使用了由which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句）

（作者單位：甘肅省平?jīng)鍪械谝恢袑W(xué)）