趙立英 張 鵬
最近,筆者聽了一節(jié)六年級的英語課。授課教師在會話教學(xué)中適當(dāng)引入了《典范英語》2A 中 Lesson 17“On the Beach”一課的故事,巧妙地將它與本課對話銜接在一起,從而使故事與對話融為一體,有效地激發(fā)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,同時也收到了較好的教學(xué)效果,給筆者留下了深刻的印象。
Step 1.Warm-up
1.一上課,教師便給學(xué)生介紹了兩位新朋友Jim和Jane,并請他們猜測Jim和Jane上周末前往海灘所做的活動(見圖1)。
圖1
T:I’m going to introduce two new friends to you.This is Jim and this is Jane.Where are they?
S1:They are at the beach.
T:Yes.Last weekend,Jim and Jane went to the beach with their family.What did they do?Can you guess?
Ss:Maybe they...
2.猜測完兩位新朋友在沙灘上做的活動后,教師和學(xué)生就上個周末所做的活動展開對話。對話內(nèi)容如下:
T:They did a lot of things at the beach.How about you?What did you do last weekend?
S1:I played the piano last weekend.
T:Are you good at it?
S1:Yes,I am.
S2:I went to my friend’s home.
T:Whatdid you doat home?
S2:We drew some pictures.
S3: I bought some chocolates.
S4:Last weekend,I saw a film.
T:What do you think of the film?
S4:It was very interesting.
T:Your last weekend was just as interesting as theirs.
【設(shè)計意圖】教師介紹兩位新朋友,并借助相應(yīng)問題的提出引發(fā)學(xué)生動腦思考,激活已有知識。通過與學(xué)生圍繞“What did you do last weekend?”展開對話,既讓學(xué)生了解本課的內(nèi)容將圍繞“談?wù)撋现苣┑幕顒印闭归_,又在對話的過程中激活了學(xué)生已學(xué)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容和已有的相關(guān)知識,復(fù)習(xí)了過去式的用法,為隨后課文教學(xué)做好充分的鋪墊。
Step 2.Presentation
1.Lead in
教師向?qū)W生介紹Jim和Jane到海灘各處游玩歸來之后看到的情境,為隨后導(dǎo)入課文的教學(xué)埋下伏筆(見圖2)。
圖2
T:When Jim and Jane came back to the beach,something happened...
T:What did they see?
Ss:They saw Dad’s cap.
T:Where was Dad?Do you know?
S1:Maybe he was sleeping on the beach.
S2:Maybe he was eaten by sharks.
T:Jim and Jane didn’t know either.So...
T:What did they do?
S1:They called Gao Wei.
教師教授本課新詞called,并將其貼在黑板上。之后,教師設(shè)置給Gao Wei打電話無人接通的情境:Was Gao Wei at home?What did he do there?由此巧妙地將學(xué)生從《典范英語》的故事中帶入到教材對話的背景里。
2.Dialogue Learning
(1)The First Round:
教師提出問題,學(xué)生借助觀看視頻的方式,對教材中的對話文本完成整體感知和理解,同時提取相應(yīng)的答案。
T:Was Gao Wei at home?
(Ss watch the movie of the dialogue, and find out the answer.)
Ss (After watching the movie):No.
T:Where was Gao Wei?
S1: He was at the bookshop.
T:What did he do there?
S2:He bought a storybook and a book of cartoons.
(Ss listen and check.)
(2)The Second Round:
T:How about Lisa?Was Lisa at home last weekend?
Ss:No.
T:Where was Lisa?
(Ss watch the movie of the dialogue again,and find out the answer.)
S3 (After watching the movie):She was at the cinema,and she went to see a movie.
(Ss listen and check.)
【設(shè)計意圖】通過在相應(yīng)語境中的師生交流,提出針對課文對話內(nèi)容的問題;隨后借助觀看視頻提取相關(guān)問題答案的方式,學(xué)生完成對本課對話內(nèi)容的感知和理解。
Step 3.Practice
1.Going over the text
學(xué)習(xí)課文對話內(nèi)容后,學(xué)生先聽錄音跟讀課文,再共同分角色朗讀課文,然后再兩人一小組分角色朗讀課文。
【設(shè)計意圖】通過聽錄音并跟讀、整體分角色朗讀和在小組內(nèi)分角色朗讀課文的形式,進(jìn)一步熟悉并掌握本課所學(xué)相關(guān)語句的用法。
2.A Chant
教師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生通過問答的方式梳理出課文對話的主要內(nèi)容,隨后將梳理出來的語句創(chuàng)編成韻文(見圖3)。
圖3
【設(shè)計意圖】將師生所創(chuàng)編的韻文配以有節(jié)奏的旋律,學(xué)生通過演唱韻文,在激發(fā)參與興趣的同時,夯實動詞過去式的表達(dá)法。
3.Information Gap
教師請學(xué)生相互詢問對方在上個周末的活動。
T:Both Lisa and Gao Wei were not at home last weekend.So,when Jim and Jane called them,theycouldn’tgethelp from them.If they called you,could you help them?Were you at home last weekend?
Ss:Yes./No.
T:What did you do?
Ss:I...
(Students work in pairs to ask each other.)
【設(shè)計意圖】學(xué)生相互間問答上個周末是否在家,在相應(yīng)的情境中練習(xí)本課所學(xué)主要語句,從而逐漸鞏固在日常交際中的用法。
Step 4.Production
1.Revealing the Result of the Story
課程進(jìn)行到此,教師適時地向?qū)W生揭示“Jim and Jane’s Trip to the Beach”的結(jié)尾(見圖4)。
T:Some of you could help them,and some of you couldn’t.It doesn’t matter.Now,let’s see where Dad really was.
T:Look!Where was Dad?
Ss:He was hiding behind!
T:Yes.Dad played a joke on Jim and Jane.So,what do you think of their trip to the beach?
Ss: It was interesting /fantastic/amazing...
圖4
【設(shè)計意圖】揭示故事結(jié)尾,與開頭相呼應(yīng),在保持故事完整性的同時,通過學(xué)生對于這個故事的感受,自然導(dǎo)入對于彼此上個周末活動的談?wù)摗?/p>
2.Talking About Last Weekend in Pairs
教師請學(xué)生彼此談?wù)摳髯栽谏蟼€周末所做的活動,從而進(jìn)一步鞏固、內(nèi)化本課所學(xué)語言在實際生活中的運(yùn)用(見圖5)。
T:They had a good time.How about you?Did you also have a good time last weekend?
Ss:Yes./No.
T:Really?/Why?What happened?Can you talk about yourlastweekend with your partners?
S1:Hi! Let me tell you something about my last weekend.
S2:Were you at...?/Where were you?/What did you do?/How was your...?/Did you...?
S1:I...How about you?
圖5
【設(shè)計意圖】學(xué)生在真實語境中,自然運(yùn)用本課和之前所學(xué)的、在相應(yīng)話題之下可以用到的語言進(jìn)行自主交流,從而達(dá)到靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言,在現(xiàn)實情境當(dāng)中展開有意義的交流的教學(xué)目標(biāo),提高學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力。
將繪本故事與教材文本對話融為一體是這節(jié)課的特色,也是一種教學(xué)嘗試。在最初的教學(xué)設(shè)計中,授課教師將這個故事放在了操練部分的第二個環(huán)節(jié)中,處理方式也只是帶學(xué)生讀了讀故事中的句子,然后請他們以“孩子們和爸爸見面后都會談?wù)撔┦裁矗俊睘榍榫硠?chuàng)編一個簡單的對話。
隨后考慮到這種活動形式與最后的語言產(chǎn)出部分中的活動形式是重復(fù)的,于是教師嘗試將“On the Beach”這個故事作為一個引子,一上來便呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生,借助故事的內(nèi)容完成對于已學(xué)和已知動詞過去式的復(fù)習(xí)及復(fù)現(xiàn);然后再將本課的對話加進(jìn)來,進(jìn)而完成新授內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí);學(xué)習(xí)完畢之后,再次回到故事中以完成后續(xù)的操練和產(chǎn)出部分。簡而言之,便是將故事和對話結(jié)合在一起,使整節(jié)課看起來更加具有完整性,而并非是“為了加入故事而加入故事”的感覺。
最后,教師借助“在海灘上找不到爸爸之后,兩個孩子非常著急,于是給朋友Gao Wei打電話求助”這個情節(jié)的設(shè)計,將這兩部分內(nèi)容聯(lián)系在了一起。從現(xiàn)場課的實際效果來看,當(dāng)看到“兩個孩子在海灘上到處玩耍,回來突然發(fā)現(xiàn)爸爸不在那里了(只剩下漂浮在海面上的一頂帽子)”,一句“Where was Dad?”激發(fā)了學(xué)生繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和了解故事內(nèi)容的興趣;而在完成了新授對話的學(xué)習(xí)和相應(yīng)的語句操練活動,又回到這個故事中揭示結(jié)尾的時候,學(xué)生看到“Dad was hiding behind”,恍然大悟一聲“哦”,傳達(dá)給教師一個明確的信息:他們始終對這個故事保持著較高的興趣。由此可見,將對話和故事融合的設(shè)計實際效果也是比較理想的。