曹楊　孫千偉　宮文軍　魏宏超　丁文勝　王國(guó)林

摘要：針對(duì)目前裝配式混凝土節(jié)點(diǎn)連接復(fù)雜、濕連接多等問題，設(shè)計(jì)了3類（工字型鋼、雙腹板工字型鋼、組合角鋼）6個(gè)利用型鋼連接的預(yù)制裝配式混凝土梁柱節(jié)點(diǎn)，并開展了擬靜力試驗(yàn)研究。通過試驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象及數(shù)據(jù)分析了各節(jié)點(diǎn)的破壞形態(tài)、抗震性能，研究了焊接連接形式、梁截面尺寸、截面形式對(duì)型鋼節(jié)點(diǎn)力學(xué)性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：預(yù)制梁型鋼與梁縱筋采用搭焊或預(yù)制板塞焊對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)性能影響不大；與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)澆混凝土節(jié)點(diǎn)相比，工字型鋼節(jié)點(diǎn)極限承載力顯著提高，組合角鋼與之相當(dāng)，雙腹板工字型鋼略有降低；3類型鋼節(jié)點(diǎn)均表現(xiàn)出良好的延性及耗能性能，能量耗散系數(shù)比現(xiàn)澆標(biāo)準(zhǔn)節(jié)點(diǎn)提高1倍以上；3類節(jié)點(diǎn)不同的破壞形態(tài)驗(yàn)證了提出的通過有意識(shí)地弱化節(jié)點(diǎn)臨近區(qū)域剛度而改善節(jié)點(diǎn)抗震性能的裝配式節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)理念。

關(guān)鍵詞：預(yù)制裝配式節(jié)點(diǎn)；混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)；型鋼連接；擬靜力試驗(yàn)

中圖分類號(hào)：TU375.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A

Abstract： In view of the problems of present prefabricated concrete joints such as complex connection and many wet connections， 3 types （Itype， IItype， combined angel Steel） including 6 kinds of prefabricated concrete beamcolumn joints connected by section steel were designed and quasistatic experiments were carried out. Based on the phenomenon and data of tests， the failure modes and seismic performance of joints were analyzed. The influences of welding connection type， section dimension and section shape on mechanical properties were studied. The results indicate that the influences of Prefabricatedsectionsteel and longitudinal reinforcement by lap welding or Prefabricated board plug welding on properties of joints are little. Compared with the standard castinsitu joint， the bearing capacity of the Itypejoints is much higher， and the Ltype one is similar， the IItype one is slightly lower.All the three kinds of shape steel joints present much better ductility and energy dissipation characteristics， the coefficient of energy dissipation of these joints is twice as high as the standard castinsitu joint. The failure modes of the three kinds of joints validate that the design idea is beneficial to improve the seismic performance of the jointsthrough weakening the stiffness of the adjacent area of the joint.

Key words： prefabricated joint； concrete structure； shape steel connection； quasistatic test

0引言

對(duì)于預(yù)制裝配式混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)體系而言，預(yù)制構(gòu)件之間的連接方式是裝配式混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)研究的核心問題之一。歷史震害（如發(fā)生于1994年的Northridge地震）資料表明，在整體倒塌的裝配式建筑中，預(yù)制梁柱構(gòu)件破壞較輕，而主要的倒塌原因是框架結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)各個(gè)構(gòu)件間的連接破壞[14]。因此，預(yù)制構(gòu)件的節(jié)點(diǎn)是裝配式結(jié)構(gòu)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，也是裝配式結(jié)構(gòu)抗震研究的重點(diǎn)及結(jié)構(gòu)整體抗震研究的前提和基礎(chǔ)。一般而言，裝配式混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)制構(gòu)件連接大體可以分為干連接和濕連接2種[5]。為了保證裝配式建筑的整體性，目前預(yù)制構(gòu)件的連接方式主要采用濕連接[6]，即在構(gòu)件連接時(shí)在節(jié)點(diǎn)連接處澆筑混凝土或水泥漿與其錨固，形成了多種節(jié)點(diǎn)類型[7]。干連接即干作業(yè)的連接方式，連接時(shí)不澆筑混凝土，而是通過在連接的構(gòu)件內(nèi)植入鋼板或其他鋼部件，通過螺栓連接或焊接以達(dá)到連接的目的，應(yīng)用相對(duì)較少[7]。對(duì)于裝配式建筑，不僅需要考慮裝配式建筑節(jié)點(diǎn)的安全性和可靠性，也同時(shí)需要考慮建造的便利性?；诖苏J(rèn)識(shí)，研發(fā)高效便捷的干連接節(jié)點(diǎn)具有重要意義，而發(fā)展型鋼混凝土（SRC）節(jié)點(diǎn)是一條有利的途徑。歷史上各國(guó)很多學(xué)者對(duì)型鋼混凝土節(jié)點(diǎn)做了多方面的研究[812]，一些學(xué)者提出了混凝土柱與含部分型鋼混凝土梁結(jié)合的裝配式節(jié)點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究[1315]。遺憾的是以前研究采用的型鋼節(jié)點(diǎn)連接方式是焊接，難以真正改善裝配便利性。因此，本文采用將型鋼植入混凝土梁端，研發(fā)基于螺栓連接方式的3類預(yù)制裝配式混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)新型梁柱節(jié)點(diǎn)。為了考察這些節(jié)點(diǎn)的力學(xué)特征、抗震性能，進(jìn)行擬靜力試驗(yàn)研究，根據(jù)試件破壞形態(tài)、極限承載力及滯回曲線等，對(duì)各類節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較分析，并優(yōu)選出適合進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用及深入研究的節(jié)點(diǎn)類型。