韋成相+雷奇+張福蓉+崔一+郭婉萍+欒春雨+趙晶+權春善
摘 要: 對3種市售水產養(yǎng)殖復合微生物制劑進行菌群數量檢測,利用選擇性計數培養(yǎng)基,采用平板計數法和MPN法,分別對3種微生物制劑中的不同菌群進行計數。結果表明,選擇性計數培養(yǎng)基能對復合微生物制劑進行有效的菌群計數,初步確定3種水產養(yǎng)殖復合微生物制劑主要由放線菌、芽孢桿菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、硝化細菌五大類菌群組成,制劑菌群種類和數量與標注有一定偏差,粉劑中有少量霉菌檢出。本研究提供的選擇性計數培養(yǎng)基及計數方法能夠有效對市售復合微生物制劑產品中不同菌群進行計數,為評估同類產品的安全性和有效性奠定基礎。
關鍵詞: 水產養(yǎng)殖;復合微生物制劑;微生物菌群;選擇性計數
中圖分類號:S942.3 文獻標識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.05.010
Analysis of Microbial Flora Quantity of Compound Microbial Preparations for Aquaculture
WEI Chengxiang1,LEI Qi1,ZHANG Furong1,CUI Yi2,GUO Wanping1, LUAN Chunyu1, ZHAO Jing1,QUAN Chunshan1
(1. State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China;2. School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China)
Abstract: Microbial flora quantity detection was carried out aiming at three commercial compound microbial preparations for aquaculture. Colony quantity of different flora in three preparations was counted using plate counting method and MPN method with selective colony count media. The results showed that effective colony count for different microbial flora in compound microbial preparations could be achieved using the selective colony count media. Three preparations mainly consist of five categories including actinomyces, bacilli, lactobacilli, yeasts and nitrifying bacteria. However, for categories of flora and colony quantities of different flora there is a certain deviation between detected results and product description in three preparations. A small amount of molds was also detected in the powder preparation. The selective colony count media and counting methods provided by this study could be used for testing commercial compound microbial preparations for aquaculture. This study laid the foundation for evaluating safety and effectiveness of similar products.
Key words: aquaculture;compound microbial preparation;microbial flora;selective counting
隨著養(yǎng)殖技術水平的提高和市場需求的擴大,水產養(yǎng)殖業(yè)已趨向集約化、高密度、高產出的養(yǎng)殖模式。這也導致了水產養(yǎng)殖過程中廢棄物大量增加,污染日趨嚴重,對水生動物的生長繁殖形成危害。生態(tài)防治逐漸成為水產養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的側重點[1]。水產養(yǎng)殖微生物制劑是有益菌種通過人工篩選培育和生物技術生產后,所制備的專門用于水產生物養(yǎng)殖的活菌制劑。微生物制劑具有廉價、高效、無污染、安全無毒等優(yōu)越性能,能夠調節(jié)水產動物和養(yǎng)殖水體的微生態(tài)平衡,達到提高養(yǎng)殖品種健康水平及改良養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境的目的,目前已在國內外得到廣泛應用[2]。
由于市場需求旺盛,水產養(yǎng)殖微生物制劑商品種類繁多,如EM菌、光合細菌、芽孢桿菌菌劑等都屬水產養(yǎng)殖微生物制劑產品。然而,由于生產廠家技術水平不一致、檢測手段不完善、管理標準不統(tǒng)一和監(jiān)督不到位等諸多問題,該類產品存在著標注不完整、活菌總數與標注不符等現象,產品之間質量差異較大,其有效性和安全性有待評估[1-4]。
目前對于復合微生物制劑進行菌群計數的研究較少,本研究以市售3種水產養(yǎng)殖復合微生物制劑為原料,利用選擇性計數培養(yǎng)基及合理計數方法,采用平板計數法和MPN法,對3種微生物制劑中不同菌群進行活菌計數,旨在為同類產品的質量檢測及評估提供試驗依據。