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      “主旨大意”哪里找?

      2016-05-14 10:10:42龔思竹
      高中生學(xué)習(xí)·高三版 2016年8期
      關(guān)鍵詞:末段排除法片面

      龔思竹

      英語(yǔ)閱讀一直以來(lái)都是高考備考的難點(diǎn),甚至有人說(shuō)“得閱讀者得英語(yǔ)”。最困擾同學(xué)們的是“主旨大意”類題目。從2016年各地的高考真題命題來(lái)看,主旨大意考題有比重減少的趨勢(shì),但必考。

      [設(shè)問形式]

      1. what may be the best title for the text?

      2. what does the story intend to tell us?

      3. This passage shows that _____.

      4. what may be the main idea of the last paragraph?

      5. the passage is mainly about _____.

      總的說(shuō)來(lái),要求選擇最佳標(biāo)題占多數(shù),部分考查段落大意,還有的考查篇章主旨。如何才能得分呢?其實(shí)閱讀很簡(jiǎn)單,但判斷“答案”時(shí)往哪里找很關(guān)鍵。

      [主旨大意哪里“找”]

      例1 (2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 35. What may be the best title for the text?

      A. Sound and Silence

      B. What It Means to Be Silent

      C. Silence to Native Americans

      D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gol

      解題思路 在首段首句中找

      關(guān)鍵詞 silence

      The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups。與B項(xiàng)What It Means to Be Silent對(duì)應(yīng)??v觀全文,首段中包含了主旨大意。

      排除法,排除A,本文沒有對(duì)比sound and silence。

      排除法,排除C,C項(xiàng)片面,只是第二段的內(nèi)容。

      D項(xiàng)“沉默是金”不是文章要表達(dá)的主旨。

      例2 (2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) 32. What is the best title for the text?

      A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour

      B. Electronic Books: A new Trend

      C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back

      D. A Website Links People Through Books

      解題思路 在首段首句和末段首句中找

      關(guān)鍵詞 Bookcrossing, books

      首段中they choose books to read and then meet to discuss them ... Bookcrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual (虛擬) ...與D項(xiàng)符合。

      排除法,排除A。關(guān)鍵詞不是online reading。

      同上,排除B。同上,更不是Electronic books。

      同理。排除C。本文講的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)把讀書人通過(guò)分享書籍聯(lián)系起來(lái),而不是book group恢復(fù)傳統(tǒng)。

      例3 (2016·北京卷) 62. What does the story intend to tell us?

      A. Little people can make a big difference

      B. A friend in need is a friend indeed

      C. East or West, home is best

      D. Technology is power

      解題思路 歸納總結(jié)。記敘文要看故事情節(jié)才能領(lǐng)會(huì)作者要表達(dá)的意思。本文講的是小女孩在災(zāi)后通過(guò)自己的力量幫助了陷于困境的人們。

      關(guān)鍵詞 Natalie, help

      排除法。排除B、C、D,選擇A(小人物也有大作為),答案一目了然。B(患難之交才是真朋友),C(金窩銀窩不如自己的狗窩),D(技術(shù)就是力量)均不合題意。

      例4 (2016·北京卷) 66. This passage shows that .

      A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory

      B. Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineering

      C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results

      D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem

      解題思路 在首段、末段中找

      關(guān)鍵詞 treatment, condors

      首段中有 ... electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds,末段中有although these measures are not not effective forever, they are vital for now,所以選擇C(efforts to protect condors have brought good results)。排除A,A項(xiàng)片面,表述的只是好的結(jié)果之一,并非主旨。同理排除B,本文不是講研究興趣在于電子工程。D項(xiàng)不夠具體。

      例5 (2016·天津卷) 55. What could be the best title for the passage?

      A. Success Is Built Upon Failure

      B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue

      C. Getting Over Fatigue: A Way to Success

      D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems

      解題思路 首段末段結(jié)合

      關(guān)鍵詞 fatigue

      二者結(jié)合得出C:克服疲倦,走向成功(Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success)。排除A(失敗是成功之母);排除B,片面;排除D,無(wú)關(guān)。

      例6 (2016·四川卷) 34. What can be a suitable title for the text?

      A. Night Milk and Sleep

      B. Fat, Sugar and Health

      C. An Experiment on Mice

      D. Milk Drinking and Health

      解題思路 首段內(nèi)容

      關(guān)鍵詞 night milk, sleep

      選擇A(Night Milk and Sleep),可輕易排除B、C、D。

      例7 (2016·浙江卷) 53. What may be the main idea of the last paragraph?

      A. The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.

      B. Studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.

      C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

      D. Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

      解題思路 末段首句

      關(guān)鍵詞 childrens play, scientific investigation

      Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientist.轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容才是重點(diǎn),清楚地表明了主旨。B項(xiàng)正確。

      [出題特點(diǎn)]

      主旨大意類題目在說(shuō)明文、記敘文、科普說(shuō)明等題材中都有設(shè)置。主要考查方式有最佳標(biāo)題、段落大意、篇章主旨等。出題主要針對(duì)首段和末段。也不乏有需要同學(xué)們歸納、總結(jié)的題目。同學(xué)們要熟悉各種題材的寫作特點(diǎn),這樣能更好地了解作者的思路、意圖。同時(shí)要針對(duì)各種題材專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。

      [方法指導(dǎo)]

      在題例中我們反復(fù)使用了“找”“關(guān)鍵詞”“排除法”。因?yàn)橛邪俜种攀拇鸢甘钦娴目梢浴罢业健钡?。大部分題目答案的解題手段就是“找”,有耐心,不慌亂,找到答案不難。另外,“關(guān)鍵詞”會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。找到關(guān)鍵詞,定位到合適的段落,很容易得出正確結(jié)論。排除法也很有效,有的選項(xiàng)片面,有的寬泛籠統(tǒng),有的答非所問,有的張冠李戴,有的無(wú)中生有,有的主觀臆斷。結(jié)合三種方法,分題材,分專題,限時(shí)訓(xùn)練,就一定能攻克閱讀障礙。即便是很難的文章,掌握了關(guān)鍵詞,找到了相應(yīng)的地方,排除了干擾項(xiàng),同學(xué)們也能跨越生詞障礙,選出正確選項(xiàng),取得閱讀理解的勝利。

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