生楠

Preface

Rural area is the place where farmers live and produce. With the rapid development of economy in our country，farmer's quality of life has improved significantly, and the living standard of the peasants has been greatly improved. However, the ecological environment in rural areas began to deteriorate, the amount of waste generated more and more. It has a bad impact to the farmers' life and the rural ecological environment and become a sample of the deterioration of ecological environment in china. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the status, characteristics and treatment methods of the rural garbage, so as to take effective measures to reduce the pollution of rural garbage.

The origin and classification of Rural Refuse in China

China's rural areas are vast, and the population is very scattered. Economic conditions, geographical conditions, natural weather and living things are different in different parts of the world. So the type and amount of garbage is different and mainly include the following. First, the waste of human life, which refers to the solid waste produced in the daily life of rural residents. Second, industrial waste, which refers to the industrial, agricultural and forestry, animal husbandry, medical and health industry, production or practice of waste generated in the process. Third, hazardous waste which mainly exists in chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing, mining industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, papermaking and products manufacturing industry Township Enterprises in the industrial sector.

Also there are some hospital clinical waste, polychlorinated biphenyl waste, municipal solid waste fly ash, containing mercury cadmium batteries, mineral oil, mercury containing waste fluorescent lamp, and some local farmers still in countries have banned the use of insecticide and rodenticide and other toxic materials. These hazardous wastes and industrial wastes are rarely treated effectively.

The harm of rural garbage

Rural domestic refuse is one of the important causes of environmental pollution, such as air, water and land. The “white trash” pollution of solid waste and agricultural waste in rural residents' life is the most serious. For example, the first, rural garbage will occupy land, damage the surface. Because of the level of waste disposal is very backward. Garbage will be stacked on the fields and on the surface. Not only directly affect agricultural production, impede environmental health, but also destroy the surface vegetation and the beautiful landscape. Second, the rural waste will pollute the soil, water and atmosphere. Because of the harmful components in the garbage will be gone with the wind or penetrate into the land and into the river. This will pollute the soil, water and atmosphere around us. Third, the rural garbage can harm the health of the body. Because of the toxic substances and pathogens contained in the garbage, the breeding of harmful bacteria and organisms, through a variety of channels to spread the disease; seriously affect the health of the environment and human health. Waste not only contain pathogenic microorganisms, but also provide food for rodents, birds and mosquitoes, habitat and reproduction, which is the source of infectious diseases. Fourth, the rural garbage can cause fire. Because it contains a lot of fuel, this will produce methane and other combustible gases in the absence of protective measures in the process of placing. It is very easy to fire and garbage explosion accident.

Management of rural refuse

There are many ways to manage the rural garbage, such as the method of burying, incineration, composting and recycling. We must make a careful classification of rural domestic waste, and then establish refuse transfer station in rural areas and perfect health responsibility system. Burning no toxic waste in rural areas, the heat produced can be used for electricity generation and heating. In addition, the government should strengthen the propaganda work on the harm of the solid waste and the environmental impact, and improve the environmental awareness of the farmers. The government should establish laws and regulations to prohibit the indiscriminate dumping and pollution of the environment.

References:

[1]奚旦立,毛艷梅,楊曉波.農(nóng)村垃圾問題及其治理措施探討[J].東華大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,2014.4.

[2]馬香娟,陳郁.農(nóng)村生活垃圾問題及其解決對(duì)策[J].能源工程,2012(3):25-27.

[3]吳海峰.鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與農(nóng)村可持續(xù)發(fā)展[J].中州學(xué)刊,2010(02):4-8.